高效施工管理中的技术支持

基础设施建造、运行的复杂性和难度在提高,这促使人们集成化管理项目,为施工提供技术支持,促进设计、施工、试运行的交流,有利于满足时代对建筑业的要求。文章识别并描述了为施工提供支持的7个关键活动:将施工需求集成到前期策划中、在设计中考虑施工方法和施工顺序、按照施工的需求调整技术信息、为施工提供设备和材料、创新施工方法、维持高质量的施工操作和收尾工作、将获取的经验传递到未来项目中。     

结构抗火研究现状

针对建筑抗火设计的重要性,通过对结构抗火研究现状的综述,介绍了材料的高温力学性能和温度场分布,论述了结构的抗火计算方法,以供设计人员参考,帮助他们完成建筑结构的抗火设计。     

加入WTO后工程勘察设计咨询业应采取的对策措施

工程勘察设计咨询业在工程建设中具有举足轻重的作用，加入WTO后，我国的工程勘察咨询业面临着巨大的挑战。本文提出了加入WTO后我国工程勘察设计咨询业应采取的对策措施；转变观念；培育和发展完善的市场体系，建立符合国际惯例和市场经济要求的市场运行机制；改革和完善行业管理体制；加强工程勘察设计单位自身建设；转变政府职能；加强质量管理，确保工程勘察设计质量；建立健全完善的法律法规体系，鼓励和加强技术创新，为可持续发展打下良好基础；有针对性地调整和制定鼓励性政策，扶持行业发展。     

2000年小康住宅初探

本文分析了我国现有住宅与小康水平住宅存在的几点差距,针对这些问题,提出建造2000年小康水平住宅要引导解决以下八方面的问题:提高居住环境质量;加强住宅区的综合开发;采用新型住宅结构体系;改善厨房、卫生间条件;改善室内热环境,加强住宅节能;提高室内装饰水平;促进住宅产品的研制开发.     

减小地基不均匀沉降危害的措施

分析了地基不均匀沉降对建筑物的危害性及其产生的原因，介绍了防止和控制不均匀沉降对建筑物损害的建筑措施、结构措施、施工措施，提出了防止已有建筑产生过大沉降的保护措施。     

试论认识城市本质定义的重要意义

界定了城市的本质定义，并将认识城市本质定义的重大意义归纳为以下几个方面：认识人在城市中的主体作用；消除城市异化现象；为满足人的生存需要和发展需要创造条件；为满足人的终生需要提供外部条件；为我国城市发展提供理论依据。认识城市本质的方法之一是比较和评价各国城市的历史发展进程和现状。     

设计与自然

通过描绘自然本色,旨在引导人们去发现自然之美;通过论述自然对人类的关照和启示,说明了自然之美与人类文明之美是相容相通的,从而启示人们如何去正确地处理人与自然的关系,如何去对环境进行有效地设计与改造。     

道路工程方向毕业设计多元化实践

结合地方院校和毕业生需求的实际情况,结合指导教师知识结构和学生个体未来就业情况,进行了道路工程方向毕业设计多元化实践,提出了实行全面质量管理确保毕业设计质量的观点。多年实践证明毕业设计多元化能够充分发挥教师和学生的能动性,激发学生的兴趣和积极性,培养学生的创新意识和探索精神,这对于进一步加强素质教育,提高毕业设计质量,合理利用资源和学生就业都是有益的。     

授之以渔——以建筑学课程设计成果为例解析空间操作法

建筑学课程具有感性与理性、艺术与技术相融合的特点,导致其创意构思、过程深化、成果设计很难被度量,设计课程教学普遍无章可循、无例可依,难以用规范性方法和阶段化步骤进行把控,教学效果存在较大起伏。本文以建筑学三年级课程设计成果为例,通过对空间操作法进行解析,引导学生掌握契合任务目标及制约要素的学习方法,构建符合自身、逻辑成熟的设计语汇,由浅入深、由简入繁,实现培养和提升学生的专业素养。     

Cholinesterase activities in the scallop Pecten jacobaeus: characterization and effects of exposure to aquatic contaminants

Nearshore marine environments of industrialized countries are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pollution. It is therefore a priority task to investigate the sensitivity of new ecotoxicological warning signals of the occurrence and effects of aquatic pollutants. The main aims of the present study were: 1) to characterize the biochemical properties of ChEs in tissues of the bivalve Pecten jacobaeus, using different specific substrates and selective inhibitors; 2) to measure sensitivity of ChE activities to in vitro exposure to the OPs azamethiphos and DFP and to the heavy metals cadmium and zinc. Our final aim was to carry out a preliminary evaluation of the suitability of ChEs measurement in tissues of the scallop for monitoring marine environmental quality and neurotoxic compounds contamination in the Mediterranean Sea. Responses to specific inhibitors have suggested that ChEs in adductor muscle share many characteristics with vertebrate acetylcholinesterase. Dose-dependent inhibition of ChE was observed in response to in vitro exposure to environmental contaminants such as cadmium and azamethiphos. Sensitivity to zinc and DFP was lower. ChEs in P. jacobaeus might therefore have potential as a sensitive biomarker for monitoring marine pollution. Results of the present study will be useful to focus further experiment of exposure to pollutants under in vivo conditions. CAPSULE: Cholinesterase activities in scallop Pecten jacobaeus were observed to be sensitive to contaminants in vitro and may therefore have potential as biomarkers for monitoring water pollution.     

从形态构成到建构教学实践的认知与体会

建筑设计基础教学的目的是为了启发入门者形成空间感知的能力,理解材料与构成的关系,熟悉基本表现工具及搭建技能。为此在教学过程中尝试从抽象的形态构成训练出发,培养解析重构的设计思维,初步建立从二维到三维的空间转换;通过设定场地和功能,以模型为空间操作手段,逐步引入行为与使用、空间形式及组合、材料及建构的设计概念,学习如何运用不同比例的三维模型来引导构思及参与设计搭建全过程,从中体验形态构成与空间结构的紧密联系,理解肌理感与材质的关系,深入完善细部节点与搭接方式,并以获奖学生实体建造作品为例,探索如何通过建造综合训练促进多元设计思维形成的基础课程教学实践,以弥补当下建筑教育中设计与建造分离的不足。     

谈工程竣工结算的审核问题

此篇论文针对改革开放以来,我省基建工程竣工结算工作中存在的各种问题进行科学的剖析,同时,就其危害性提出了“控制工程投资,提高经济效益,务必加强工程竣工结算的审核工作”的新举措。审核工作政策性强,既要讲原则,按法律法规办事,又要正确处理好双方关系,力求合理解决纠纷。     

国外城市雨水资源利用管理体系的比较及启示

通过对德国、美国和日本等国雨水资源利用管理体系的比较，得到构建我国雨水资源利用管理体系，发挥雨水资源的生态环境功能等4点启示：①制定全国性的法律法规，保障雨水资源的利用；②扶持雨水利用技术开发，促进雨水资源利用；③建立经济杠杆调控制度，激励雨水资源利用；④建立统一职能管理部门，规范雨水资源利用。     

Facilities intelligence and evaluation: A multi-criteria assessment approach

This paper presents a novel method for evaluating facilities in regard to their designed intelligence. Facilities intelligence is defined as the designed capacity of a facility to acquire and process data and information to perform its adaptability to lifecycle circumstance changes in terms of people's requirements of wellbeing and energy efficiency. This definition is then formulated to quantify the Index of Facilities Intelligence, the level of facilities intelligence, and the reliability of facilities evaluation. STEEP (social, technical, economic, environmental, and political) criteria and their sub-criteria are used to set up an ANP (analytic network process) model, and ANP result such as synthesized priority weights is then used to calculate those parameters related to facilities intelligence. An experimental case study is given to prove the effectiveness of applying the proposed method to evaluate the intelligence of facilities in practice.     

The coal cleat system： A new approach to its study

After a general analysis regarding the concept of coal ＂cleat system＂, its genetic origin and practical applications to coalbed methane （CBM） commercial production and to C02 geological sequestration projects, the authors have developed a method to answer, quickly and accurately in accordance with the industrial practice and needs, the following yet unanswered questions： （1） how to define the spatial orientation of the different classes of cleats presented in a coal seam and （2） how to determine the frequency of their connectivites. The new available and presented techniques to answer these questions have a strong computer based tool （geographic information system, GIS）, able to build a complete georeferentiated database, which will allow to three-dimensionally locate the laboratory samples in the coalfield. It will also allow to better understand the coal cleat system and consequently to recognize the best pathways to gas flow through the coal seam. Such knowledge is considered crucial for understanding what is likely to be the most efficient opening of cleat network, then allowing the injection with the right spatial orientation, of pressurized fluids in order to directly drain the maximum amount of gas flow to a CBM exploitation well. The method is also applicable to the CO2 geological sequestration technologies and operations corresponding to the injection of CO2 sequestered from industrial plants in coal seams of abandoned coal mines or deep coal seams.     

常低温下EGSB处理生活污水的影响因素研究

在15～26℃的常低温条件下,采用EGSB处理生活污水,考察了进水流量、回流比、液体上升流速(Vup)、温度等因素对运行效果的影响。结果表明,当温度为26℃左右时,对于9～11 L/h的低进水流量,宜采用高回流比(1.6～2.5),对COD的去除率最高可达90%;对于15～24L/h的高进水流量,宜采用低回流比(0～0.6),对COD的去除率最高可达84%;当进水流量提高至30 L/h时,不宜回流,对COD的去除率降至77%;当进水流量分别为9、11、15、24、30 L/h时,最佳Vup分别为4.0、(3.1～3.6)、(2.7～3.4)、3.0和3.8 m/h,此时对COD的去除率分别高达90%、(87%～89%)、(83%～84%)、83%和77%;在无回流的条件下,适宜的进水流量为15～24 L/h,相应的HRT为0.5～0.8 h。当温度为15～26℃时,EGSB适宜的运行条件是高进水流量(15～24L/h)、高Vup(3.0 m/h)和低回流比(0～0.6),此时对COD的去除率高达81.9%以上。     

青藏高原永久冻土区隧道施工新技术

结合正在修建的青藏高原风火山隧道的安全、优质施工技术，对高原永久冻土区隧道在严寒缺氧条件下的开挖、支护、衬砌、防排水、通风和机械化配套等施工新技术进行了总结，可为类似条件下的冻土隧道修建提供技术指导。     

浅谈城市工业污水处理及回用研究

介绍了城市工业污水处理的基本方法,研究了城市工业污水回用的处理工艺,阐述了城市工业污水回用方式,分析了分散回用规划和集中回用规划,从而促进城市工业污水的处理回用研究。     

Experimental investigation and analysis of the hybrid solar collector

Hybrid solar collector is a new and innovative technique to harness all the spectrum of sunlight and hence generate a system to harness sunlight. This project deals with the fabrication of a parabolic trough which suits the required design of the solar collector. This project deals with the study of heat transfer across the receiver tube and mode of heat transfer across the hybrid solar collector, to optimise the design, to minimise the losses and maximise the heat and photon transfer to the receiver and power generating unit. Our aim is to study the heat exchange process across tube and to prevent the heating of solar panels from the radiations emitted by the receiver tube when light is focused on it and direct the working of solar collector to a maximum efficient way. We consider the radiation spectrum of sun to be of different waves and utilising each component of it – that is, visible and UV (consisting most of photons) and infrared (consisting of heating radiation) – and try to segregate them with the help of a water jacket and bring the temperature of the PV panels to an optimum condition.     

关于建筑史学学科发展的思考

作者认为 ,史学的学科性质不仅有滞后性的一面 ,还有超前性、前瞻性的一面。研究史学的目的在于创造新的历史 ,而不在于重复和延续旧的历史。为端正史学作风 ,作者提出“今为古用”问题 ,分析了目前建筑史学研究上的几方面问题 ,提出相应的建议。