Die Raumakustik in Atrien

The room acoustics in atria This article describes the room acoustic features of atria. The work was forced by several inquiries of designers and architects concerning simplified methods to design the room acoustic in lobbies and atria in response to advanced acoustical requirements of atrium users. The described results of measurements in several atria proved that in most cases the room acoustical properties were not satisfied. Starting with acoustical features of concert halls, typical room acoustical behaviours of atria as well as limits in the acoustical properties were developed. Up to now the acoustic perception of speaking and music performances is strongly constricted in most atria.     

声源指向性对ODEON音质模拟影响研究

ODEON在音质模拟中一般使用球面无指向性声源,但有一些声学参量在实际测量时使用指向性声源。文中结合两个实际案例研究了在两个不同的室内声学条件下,声源指向性特征以及接收点位置对各声学参量模拟结果的影响,并对结果进行了分析。     

Die Modernisierung der Royal Albert Hall: Modellmessungen und Berechnungen für die akustische und raumklimatische Beratung

Refurbishing of the Royal Albert Hall – Analytical and model test exploration for acoustics and building physics. The auditorium of the Royal Albert Hall is being refurbished and reconstructed since 1998 in order to match the standards of nowadays event locations. The measures of the reconstruction were supervised intensively in acoustics and building physics. The task included e.g. a broad examination within a room acoustical model. Using this model of the auditorium (scale 1:12) analysis were made, which acoustical measures had to be taken to optimize the use of the auditorium as a concert hall and state‐of‐the‐art event‐location. The measures found during the model experiments were proved by calculations in a computer model simulation and by validation measurements on location. The building physical advice included inquiries dealing with the ventilation and climatic comfort and were done by modeling the air streams in a CFD simulation. Hereby statements had to be done concerning appropriate air velocities, air temperatures, CO₂ concentration in the air and their distributions. The boundary conditions needed in the simulation calculations were determined in a separate computer model based upon Finite Element Methods. A validation of the simulation results of the existing hall before renovation was performed by practical measurements on location.     

基于仿真脉冲响应的厅堂音质评价

为进行可听化技术及厅堂音质评价研究,对黄埔青少年宫剧院进行了脉冲响应及其声学参数测试,同时应用ODEON软件对该剧院进行声场仿真,并将计算机仿真和实测结果相比较,通过主观听音试验,探讨应用仿真脉冲响应进行厅堂音质评价的可行性,为进一步实现厅堂音质可听化评价奠定基础。     

Measurement and simulation of room acoustics parameters in traditional and modern bath buildings

This paper presents the results of a number of case studies concerning measurement and simulation of room acoustical parameters in both historical and contemporary instances of bath spaces. Historical instances of such spaces are, in our study, traditional hammam (bath) buildings in Mediterranean and north-African countries (Algeria, Morocco, Syria). Modern instances include a modern hammam, a spa, and an indoor swimming pool in central Europe (Austria). The analysis is based on data obtained from measurements and simulations of pertinent indicators of room acoustic quality in such spaces. The results of the analysis permit the identification of certain salient features of room acoustics in highly humid spaces and corresponding technical challenges (e.g., excessive reverberation and high noise exposure). Moreover, the results allow for the statistically grounded estimation of uncertainties in simulation of room acoustics in architectural spaces.     

上海东方艺术中心交响乐厅室内声场计算机模拟分析

通过室内声场计算机模拟这一厅堂音质辅助设计工具，对现阶段交响乐厅的声场特性及对应各项音质的物理参量进行了分析计算，对声学初步设计所提出的音质设计方案进行了论证，以便与后续的缩尺模型实验结果进行对比分析，为本厅的建筑声学设计提供优化和调整的依据。     

Study on simulation methods of atrium building cooling load in hot and humid regions

In recent years, highly glazed atria are popular because of their architectural aesthetics and advantage of introducing daylight into inside. However, cooling load estimation of such atrium buildings is difficult due to complex thermal phenomena that occur in the atrium space. The study aims to find out a simplified method of estimating cooling loads through simulations for various types of atria in hot and humid regions. Atrium buildings are divided into different types. For every type of atrium buildings, both CFD and energy models are developed. A standard method versus the simplified one is proposed to simulate cooling load of atria in EnergyPlus based on different room air temperature patterns as a result from CFD simulation. It incorporates CFD results as input into non-dimensional height room air models in EnergyPlus, and the simulation results are defined as a baseline model in order to compare with the results from the simplified method for every category of atrium buildings. In order to further validate the simplified method an actual atrium office building is tested on site in a typical summer day and measured results are compared with simulation results using the simplified methods. Finally, appropriate methods of simulating different types of atrium buildings are proposed.     

Validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations for atria geometries

Atria are becoming an increasingly common feature of new buildings. They are often included for their aesthetic appeal; however, their effect on building indoor environment can be significant. Building simulation tools have the potential to assist designers in enhancing energy efficiency by providing information on the temperature and velocity fields inside the atrium for specified geometries and ambient conditions. The unique nature of the physical phenomena that govern the complex flows in atria, however, are not usually considered in traditional building energy simulation programs. These physical phenomena include turbulent natural convection, radiative heat transfer and conjugate heat transfer. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has the potential for modeling fluid flow and heat transfer resulting from the phenomena; however, careful validation is required in order to establish the accuracy of predictions. This paper provides a systematic validation of a commercial CFD code against experimental measurements of the underlying physical phenomena. The validation culminates in the simulation of an existing atrium. This work indicates that CFD can be used to successfully simulate the heat transfer and fluid flow in atria geometries and provides recommendations regarding turbulence and radiative heat transfer modeling.     

广州白云国际会议中心世纪大会堂声学设计综述

对广州白云国际会议中心D幢2600座世纪大会堂的建筑声学设计做了相关的综述,着重介绍了大会堂观众厅的形体调整、室内声学设计、建筑机电设备的噪声与振动控制等内容。室内声学设计过程中,利用室内声学计算机模拟分析这一辅助设计工具,对大会堂观众厅的声场特性及其对应各项音质的物理参量进行了模拟分析计算,对声学初步设计所提出的音质设计方案进行了论证,为厅内的室内声学设计提供了优化和调整的依据。文中对完工后的声学测试结果和使用后的主观音质效果也进行了阐述。     

上海市7幢办公楼室内环境品质评价

对上海市7幢高层办公楼同时进行了室内热环境、空气品质、视环境和听觉环境的现场测试和满意度调查，分析和比较了客观测试和主观调查的结果，对这7幢办公楼的室内环境品质进行了综合评价。     

中庭火灾烟气流动的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟的方法,对中庭火灾烟气的流动过程进行了模拟,了解了中庭烟气的蔓延过程,得到了烟气的速度场和温度场、顶棚射流的速度和温度的详细结果。模拟结果表明,大涡模拟能比较准确地预测中庭内烟气的流动状态,可用于指导中庭建筑的防火设计。     

中庭火灾模型围护结构热模拟

阐述了对中庭围护结构进行热模拟的意义,同时提出了进行热模拟的思路。并针对圆柱形中庭建立起失火情况下围护结构一维传热方程组。利用数值解析的方法求解该方程组,并对计算结果加以分析、比较     

Measurements of room air distribution in a ventilated office environment

Results of measurements of the room air flow properties in an office space environment (4.74 m × 4.87 m × 2.87 m) with and without partitions (acoustical screens) are presented. The measurements included air flow pattern, air speed, and turbulence intensity. The profiles of the mean speed and the turbulence kinetic energy at the supply air opening are also presented. The data show the effect of using acoustical screens (with various heights and a gap between the floor and the bottom of the screen) on the air flow pattern and the air flow properties within the room. These data are intended for use in the evaluation of the existing numerical and scale models, and to aid in furthering the understanding of the behaviour of room ventilation airflows.     

中庭建筑能耗简析

回顾了中庭的发展, 简述了中庭在建筑中的功能和反应中庭室内环境的主要因子。分析了影响中庭建筑能耗的因素,并提出了节省能耗的一些措施。通过计算机模拟的具体实例,研究了中庭体积、中庭顶部玻璃面积和中庭墙壁材质对中庭能耗的影响,说明中庭物理特性对中庭热性能具有明显作用     

上海戏剧学院实验剧场改建音质设计

介绍了上海戏剧学院实验剧场改建音质设计的难点、重点及为改善剧场音质所采取的措施,并对改建前后剧场音质参量的实测结果进行了对比分析,结果表明,改建后剧场音质有显著改善。     

Prediction of building envelope performance in the design stage: an application for office buildings

Building envelope should provide visual, thermal and acoustical comfort in accordance with the function of the room. The material properties of the translucent-window- and opaque components-wall- of the building envelope and the ratio of these components are effective in the establishment of comfort conditions in an interior. The perfection of the building envelope design is highly related to the consideration of all parameters together for visual, thermal and acoustical comfort.In this article, at first basic design process to predict the building envelope providing visual, thermal and acoustical comfort, namely “optimum building envelope” is explained, then the used methodologies and some of the results of a research project named “Optimum building envelope design in terms of visual, thermal and acoustical comfort in offices” are presented.     

冬季寒冷地区超高层建筑防烟楼梯间热压效应研究

采用现场实测与数值模拟方法，研究热压作用对超高层建筑楼梯间压差分布的影响。通过对楼梯间与前室压差分布进行实测，指出由于避难层对楼梯间的分隔作用，使得压差在不同分区内，呈现错位增长的分布规律。用Fluent 模拟对实验研究进行补充，通过拟合模拟数据，对原有热压计算公式进行修正，提出适用于有一处避难层的超高层建筑的热压差计算公式。     

地下靶场声环境测定研讨

本文介绍某地下靶场声学测定方法和测定结果，对测试资料进行了分析讨论，评价了该靶场的声学环境，最后提出地下靶场声环境设计要求建议值。     

天津市眼科医院声环境调查与建筑改造初探

在城市发展建设中,基础服务设施是居民生活正常运转的重要保障。医院作为服务城市人群的重要基础,在设计环节中经常忽视一些潜在问题。通过研究选择天津市眼科医院,以视力受损的城市特殊人群为研究对象,评估医疗环境的声学条件。并在医院的几个典型的地方测量声源、声压级水平和声音频率,发现医院的患者处于较高的医疗环境噪音中。综合问卷与测量结果,通过数据分析发现,这种不健康的就医环境给视力受损人群带来了更不利的影响。在此基础上,针对医院的就医空间存在的问题,从建筑内部空间布局、建筑内部空间材料的运用与声景观设计角度提出了改进建议。     

长廊型高层建筑火灾烟气控制模式的效果比较

为研究走廊中常见烟气控制模式的效果,采用数值模拟与全尺寸长廊实验相结合的方法,对采用挡烟垂壁、机械排烟和空气幕等多种组合的防排烟模式的防排烟效果进行分析.比较各种模式下烟气的温度分布、质量分数分布以及烟气沉降时间,设计5种排烟模式.结果表明:防烟空气幕效果明显.采用前室部分加压并在前室门口设置防烟空气幕,同时开启两个排烟口的排烟模式具有最佳的烟气控制效果,其排烟效率达到74.52%.