Effect of waste polymer modifier on the properties of bituminous concrete mixes

In the present study, the effect of waste polymer (nitrile rubber and polyethylene in 1:4 ratio) modifier (WPM) on various mechanical properties such as Marshall stability, flow, Marshall quotient (stability to flow ratio), resilient modulus and permanent deformation potential of bituminous concrete overlays has been evaluated. The Marshall tests of the waste polymer modified bituminous concrete (WPMB) mixes, prepared through dry process, indicated the optimum waste polymer modifier content to be 8% (by weight of optimum bitumen content). The waste polymer modified bituminous mix containing 8% WPM showed considerable improvement in various mechanical properties of the mix compared to the conventional bituminous concrete mix.     

SBS对基质沥青低温性能改善效果研究

通常认为SBS可以同时改善基质沥青的高、低温性能。以三种常用的国产沥青和一种进口沥青作为基质沥青,采用四种不同的SBS对其进行改性,分别制得成品SBS改性沥青。运用SHRP试验方法中的弯曲梁流变仪(BBR)分别对制得的这些SBS改性沥青的RTFO／PAV残留物的流变特性进行了试验研究。结果表明,用物理意义上的共存共混方法制备得到的SBS改性沥青,其低温等级基本保持在基质沥青的低温等级上,即从流变学的意义上来说,SBS对基质沥青低温抗裂性能的改善效果仍值得探讨。     

Investigation of effects of Cocamide Diethanolamide chemical on physical and rheological properties of bituminous binder

In this study, bituminous binder was modified with Cocamide Diethanolamide chemical, a non-ionic surfactant, and the physical and rheological properties of modified binders were investigated. In addition, Cocamide Diethanolamide has been used for the first time to modify bituminous binder, and this situation makes the study distinctive. Bituminous binder was modified more than once with the chemical by changing modification parameters and using certain additive ratios (1%, 3%, and 5%). The effects of different modification parameters and chemical additive on modified samples were investigated with conventional bitumen tests (softening point, penetration, ductility) and Superpave tests (rotational viscometer, rolling thin film oven test, pressure aging vessel, dynamic shear rheometer, bending beam rheometer). In addition, the structural characteristics of the reference binder and modified samples were examined by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The examinations showed that Cocamide Diethanolamide softens bituminous binder and lowers processing temperatures. In addition, compared to reference binder, rutting resistances of modified bituminous binders decreased with the increase of additive ratio. However, modification with Cocamide Diethanolamide increased the resistance to fatigue cracks and thermal cracks.     

Preparation and rheological characterization of asphalt binders reinforced with layered silicate nanoparticles

Bentonite clay (BT) and organically modified bentonite (OBT) were used to reinforce and modify a bituminous paving asphalt binder. The modified asphalt binders were produced by melt processing under sonication and shearing stresses. The interlayer spacing of silicate layers in bentonite, organically modified bentonite and the modified asphalt binders were analyzed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The softening point, viscosity and ductility of the modified asphalts were tested as a function of clay content and clay type. The dynamic shear rheological tests showed that the modified asphalts have higher rutting resistance. Bending beam rheometer (BBR) test results for aged specimens (through rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV)) indicated that adding BT and OBT can significantly improve low temperature rheological properties and cracking of asphalt.     

Predicting stripping and moisture induced damage of asphalt concrete prepared with polymer modified bitumen and hydrated lime

Many highway agencies have been experiencing premature failures that decrease the performance and service life of pavements. One of the major causes of premature pavement failure is the moisture damage of the asphalt concrete layer. Many variables affect the amount of water damage in the asphalt concrete layer such as the type of aggregate, bitumen, mixture design and construction, level of traffic, environment, and the additive properties that are introduced to the bitumen, aggregate or bitumen–aggregate mixture.This study is aimed to determine the effect of additives such as hydrated lime as well as elastomeric (SBS) and plastomeric (EVA) polymer modified bitumen (PMB) on the stripping potential and moisture susceptibility characteristics of hot mix asphalt (HMA) containing different types of aggregate (basalt–limestone aggregate mixture and limestone aggregate). The stripping properties and moisture susceptibility characteristics of the samples have been evaluated by means of captured images and the Nicholson stripping test (ASTM D 1664) as well as the modified Lottman test (AASHTO T 283), respectively.The results indicated that hydrated lime addition and polymer modification increased the resistance of asphalt mixtures to the detrimental effect of water. Moreover, it was found out that samples prepared with SBS PMB exhibited more resistance to water damage compared to samples prepared with EVA PMB.     

Rheological effects of commercial waxes and polyphosphoric acid in bitumen 160/220 – high and medium temperature performance

The effects of adding three commercial waxes and a polyphosphoric acid to three bitumens of 160/220 penetration grade were studied using different types of laboratory equipment, such as Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Force Ductilometer (FD) as well as equipment for determining conventional parameters like penetration, softening point and Fraass breaking point. The paper deals with effects at medium and high in-service temperatures likely to affect the rutting performance of an asphalt concrete pavement. The results show that magnitude and type of effect on bitumen rheology depend on the bitumen as well as type and amount of additive used. Bitumen composition was found to be of decisive importance. Adding polyethylene wax or polyphosphoric acid especially to a non-waxy bitumen, showed considerable positive effects on the rheological behaviour at medium and higher temperatures.     

Effect of filler on low temperature physical hardening of bitumen

Laboratory investigations of low temperature physical hardening of bitumen using a Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) are described. The study encompasses five bitumens, three conditions with regard to additives and three testing temperatures (−15, −25 and −30°C). As additives, two fillers, hydrated lime and calcium carbonate, were used. The effect of the fillers on the isothermal low temperature hardening was evaluated with the aid of a physical hardening index. The viscoelastic nature of the bitumens and bitumen/filler mixtures was investigated utilising the Burger model, and the Burger parameters were used to calculate dissipation energy ratios (dissipated energy over stored energy) in each BBR test. The results obtained did not indicate any significant effect of the fillers on low temperature physical hardening. Analyses of the dissipation energy ratio showed a considerable capacity for energy dissipation, even at a temperature as low as −30°C. With few exceptions, more energy was dissipated than stored during a BBR test. It appears that the dissipation energy ratio is not necessarily related to the stiffness of the binder.     

沥青再生剂扩散程度评价与影响因素研究

设计了模拟再生剂在老化沥青中扩散过程的试验方案,并基于软化点试验结果进行回归分析,得到了反映再生剂在老化沥青中扩散程度的相对指标——扩散系数p;分析了再生剂品种、沥青老化程度和环境温度对扩散系数p的影响;基于劈裂强度试验,分析了再生剂扩散程度对再生沥青混合料性能的影响.结果表明:再生剂黏度越大或沥青老化程度越深,再生剂在老化沥青中的扩散程度越低;环境温度和扩散时间的增加能显著提高再生剂的扩散程度;再生剂在老化沥青中的充分扩散有利于再生沥青混合料强度的提高.     

Rheological properties and storage stability of bitumen/SBS/montmorillonite composites

Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene triblock copolymer is commonly used for modifying physical, mechanical and rheological properties of bitumen. Because of the poor compatibility between SBS and bitumen, SBS modified bitumen is not storage stable at high temperature. To obtain more compatibility between SBS and bitumen, several methods have been suggested. In this study, organophilic montmorillonite/SBS modified bitumen mixtures were prepared by melt intercalated blending. Physical and rheological properties of polymer modified bitumen were compared before and after adding nanoclay to the bitumen. Results showed that the presence of nanoclay improves the storage stability of PMB significantly without adverse effect on other properties of it. The structure of OMMT/SBS/bitumen blend was characterized by XRD. The spectra indicated that proper dispersion of OMMT in SBS led to a homogenous blend which is named exfoliated structure. The result of storage stability test showed that the difference in softening point was in good accordance with ASTM standard limitation which means that OMMT can improve the storage stability of PMB. Also morphological analysis confirmed storage stability results.     

The effects of using lime and styrene–butadiene–styrene on moisture sensitivity resistance of hot mix asphalt

This study focuses on determining the effects of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and using mineral filler with lime on various properties of hot mix asphalt especially moisture damage resistance. The asphalt cement was modified with 2%, 4% and 6% SBS. The lime treated mixtures containing 2% lime by weight of the total aggregate as filler. The physical and mechanical properties of polymer modified binder and binder–aggregate mixes were evaluated through their fundamental engineering properties such as dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), rotational viscosimeter (RV) for binders, Marshall stability, stiffness modulus, indirect tensile strength and moisture susceptibility for mixes. The retained Marshall stability (RMS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) values were calculated to determine the resistance of mixtures to moisture damage. To investigate clearly the effective of SBS and lime seven freeze–thaw cycle was applied to specimens at TSR test. The results indicate that application of SBS modified binders and lime as mineral filler one by one improves the stability, stiffness and strength characteristic of hot mix asphalt. According to retained Marshall stability it is concluded that addition of only 2% lime have approximately same effect with addition of 6% SBS. Using lime together within the SBS modified mixes exhibit high accordance and exacerbates the improvement of properties. Specimens containing both 2% lime and 6% SBS, have the highest stiffness modulus which is 2.3 times higher than those of the control mixture and showed the least reduction in tensile strength ratio while maintaining 0.70 tensile strength ratio after seven freeze–thaw cycle.     

废玻璃沥青混合料性能的试验研究

将废玻璃用于沥青混合料来铺筑沥青路面,有助于废物利用和环境保护,并对沥青层的表面特征产生一定影响.废玻璃在沥青路面中应用的关键是改善玻璃与沥青的粘附性,试验结果表明,采用高粘度的改性沥青或以水泥作为抗剥落剂可以有效地提高玻璃与沥青的粘附性.掺加一定比例的废玻璃对沥青混合料的设计沥青用量影响不大,但会降低沥青混合料的密度,并使沥青混合料试件的马歇尔稳定度、抗车辙能力和抗滑性略有降低;随着废玻璃用量的增加,沥青层表面的反光性增加.     

Study on Iraqi limestone aggregates in bituminous mixes

In North Iraq, there are two major sources of crushed stone aggregates, the Darbandibazian source of limestones and the Kalachwalan source. Limestones are generally not used in bituminous mixes as they are considered weak and unsuitable. In this study, these two available sources of crushed stone aggregates are rationally analysed for their engineering properties and suitability for use in bituminous mixes. It was observed that limestones do meet the Marshall test requirements of a bituminous mix and can be used satisfactorily, with slightly higher percentage of bitumen. Huge amount of locally available limestones thus have a potential for use.     

粗骨架沥青混合料路用性能

通过试验研究,系统分析了Superpave和SMA沥青混合料的路用性能,包括原材料性能,级配分析,混合料马歇尔稳定度,水稳定性,低温抗裂性,高温稳定度,疲劳耐久性和抗滑性能,并与密级配沥青混凝土进行了对比分析。     

沥青胶浆疲劳特性研究

已有研究发现,SHRP规范中的沥青疲劳因子G.sinδ不能通用于衡量沥青的疲劳性能,因而提出采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)时间扫描实验来评价沥青的疲劳性能。但最近的研究表明,时间扫描实验中由于DSR转子与沥青粘结不牢造成的"假性疲劳"易与沥青的"真性疲劳"混淆,因而不能准确地评价沥青的的疲劳响应。该文引入一种新的方法成型样品,避免了DSR转子与沥青的界面破环造成的"假性疲劳"问题,来评价沥青真实的疲劳性能。重点考察了时间扫描实验中采用这种新的样品来评价改性沥青的疲劳性能的合理性。分析了影响沥青真实的疲劳性能的温度、频率、应力水平、老化等各种因素,建立了评价沥青疲劳寿命的模型。     

Morphology and image analysis of polymer modified bitumens

This paper presents a laboratory study of styrene butadiene styrene (SBS); ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA) based polymer modified bitumen samples (PMBs). The PMBs have been produced by mixing a 50/70 penetration grade unmodified (base) bitumen with copolymers at different proportions. The fundamental characteristics of the PMBs have been determined using conventional methods. The morphology of the samples as well as the percent area distribution of polymers throughout the base bitumen have been characterized and determined by means of fluorescent light optic microscopy and Qwin-Plus image analysis software, respectively. The results indicate that the fundamental properties and morphology of the modified bitumens are dependent on the type of polymer and polymer content. Polymer modification improves the conventional properties of the base bitumen such as penetration, softening point, temperature susceptibility. At low polymer contents, the samples reveal the existence of dispersed polymer particles in a continuous bitumen phase, whereas at high polymer contents a continuous polymer phase is observed. Moreover it is found out that a relationship exists between the polymer content and percent area distribution of polymers.     

高速公路大修工程厂拌热再生技术的应用

依托青银高速靖边至王圈梁段路面大修工程,研究了靖王高速公路回收沥青路面材料(RAP)的性能,厂拌热再生混合料的配合比及其路用性能。结果表明:路面回收沥青的25℃针入度为43.3(0.1 mm),软化点为62.2℃,RAP具备再生条件;经筛分0~10 mmRAP掺配10%,10~20 mmRAP掺配15%,再生混合料中新沥青用量为3%时,路用性能良好,其马歇尔残留稳定度为93.43%、冻融劈裂强度比86.5%、车辙试验动稳定度(5 cm厚)为7250次/mm。且经济效益明显,节能环保。     

多碎石沥青混凝土路用性能的研究

研究了掺与未掺木质素纤维的多碎石沥青混凝土的路用性能，其中包括马歇尔稳定度，水稳定性，低温抗裂性，高温稳定度，疲劳耐久性和抗 滑性能，并与密级配沥青混凝土进行了对比，结果表明，多碎石沥青混凝土是一种性能优良的沥青混和料。     

Preparation and properties of bitumen modified by EVA graft copolymer

This paper presents a laboratory study of modified bitumen containing ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and ethylene vinyl acetate grafted maleic anhydride (EVA-g-MAH) copolymers. When the different polymers were added, the physical properties of modified bitumens, such as softening point, ductility at low temperature and storage stability at high temperature are changed. The polymer modified bitumens (PMBs) were analyzed by thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermal characterizations showed that the main decomposition stage refers to samples with modifiers exhibited a slight increase in thermal stability and the sample with the highest stability was EVA-g-MAH PMBs. FTIR analysis suggested that it is difficult to prove the EVA-g-MAH has reacted with the functional group in bitumen by FTIR spectrum. The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests reported that added content of EVA-g-MAH has great effect on the rheological properties of the binder and its high temperature performance was improved while its temperature susceptibility was reduced in compare to EVA modified bitumens binder.     

SBR胶乳掺量对改性乳化沥青性能的影响

为研究丁苯橡胶(SBR)胶乳掺量对改性乳化沥青性能的影响,对不同SBR胶乳掺量的改性乳化沥青进行针入度、软化点、延度和储存稳定性试验,并采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)和弯曲梁流变仪(BBR)测试了SBR胶乳掺量对改性乳化沥青高低温性能的影响.结果 表明:随着SBR胶乳掺量的增加,改性乳化沥青的延度、软化点及软化点差逐渐增大,针入度降低;相同温度下,随着SBR胶乳掺量的增加,改性乳化沥青的复数模量、车辙因子和蠕变速率逐渐增大,劲度模量、相位角逐渐减小;综合考虑SBR胶乳掺量对改性乳化沥青各项性能指标的影响,SBR胶乳的建议掺量为4％.     

粉胶比对沥青混合料高温稳定性的试验研究

通过试验对比分析了不同粉胶比的沥青胶浆软化点和针入度,以及沥青混合料的马歇尔试验指标和动稳定度。试验结果表明：粉胶比越大,沥青混合料高温稳定性越好。从提高沥青混合料高温稳定性角度出发,建议在进行沥青混合料配合比设计时,粉胶比宜控制在1.0～1.4之间。