工形截面钢拱考虑腹板局部屈曲的承载力设计方法研究

把工形截面钢拱的腹板做高做薄是提高其承载力的有效方法之一。该文采用大挠度弹塑性壳单元模型,研究焊接工形截面两铰圆弧钢拱在允许腹板局部屈曲条件下的平面内稳定承载力及其设计方法,其中考虑钢拱几何初始缺陷和残余应力的影响。首先,对钢拱在均匀轴压力作用下的承载力和破坏机理进行有限元数值分析和参数研究,考察拱截面腹板高厚比、钢拱几何长细比、截面翼缘腹板板厚比和翼缘宽厚比对钢拱稳定系数的影响。在设定的钢拱翼缘宽厚比范围内,基于大量的钢拱承载力数值分析结果,提炼出腹板高厚比和翼缘腹板板厚比组合效应的等效正则化腹板高厚比,进而获得钢拱稳定系数与等效正则化腹板高厚比以及钢拱正则化长细比之间关系的计算公式。其次,研究压弯组合作用下钢拱腹板高厚比变化对钢拱整体稳定承载力的影响,揭示钢拱压弯组合作用下的破坏机理及稳定承载力。最后通过对大量钢拱算例进行不同压弯组合工况下的极限承载力分析,提出了钢拱在一般荷载或组合荷载作用下承载力设计的计算公式。     

实腹圆弧钢拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计理论及方法

拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计一直没有成熟的规范指导。本文用有限壳单元模型先分析了工形截面两铰圆弧钢拱的平面内弹性屈曲性能,与拱的经典屈曲理论作了对比,指出了必须同时考虑长细比和矢跨比对屈曲荷载的影响。然后分析了两铰圆弧钢拱受静水压力和其它荷载作用下的弹塑性屈曲性能,指出了典型破坏机理为拱两侧1/4跨附近形成塑性铰导致结构失效。利用拱的弹性屈曲荷载定义了拱的正则化长细比,用Perry-Robertson公式的形式,建立了拱的稳定系数与正则化长细比的关系,提出了受静水压力的两铰圆弧钢拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计方法,并用轴力和弯矩的两项相关公式提出了受其它荷载作用下的平面内稳定极限承载力设计方法。     

腹板开洞工字形截面拱的平面外弹性屈曲性能分析

用ANSYS有限元软件模拟分析了腹板开洞工字形截面圆弧拱在径向均布荷载作用下的平面外弹性屈曲性能。计算了在不同孔洞半径、孔洞间距、矢跨比、高厚比等参数下的屈曲荷载。得出腹板开洞工字形截面拱的平面外屈曲荷载随着孔洞半径的增大而减小,随着孔洞间距的增大而增大,通过研究孔洞的优化截面和弹性屈曲荷载,从中发现可以通过一种修正的弹性屈曲荷载建立优化准则来评价开洞拱的结构效率,孔洞半径在腹板高度的25%到35%之间时,结构的效率最高。     

圆管截面两铰圆弧纯压拱的平面外稳定性及设计方法

拱的平面外稳定极限承载力设计一直没有成熟的设计方法及规范指导。通过分析两铰圆管截面圆弧钢拱的平面外弹性屈曲性能,指出Timoshenko未考虑翘曲的经典解与有限元分析结果吻合很好。在弹塑性平面外稳定性分析的基础上,借鉴单轴对称截面轴心受压构件的弯扭屈曲设计方法,提出以面外屈曲荷载对应的正则化长细比为参数进行面外稳定性设计的方法。借鉴我国GB 50017—2003《钢结构设计规范》中柱子曲线的表达式,建立纯压两铰圆管截面圆弧拱稳定承载力的实用计算公式及设计曲线。     

双肢开孔冷弯薄壁型钢拼合箱形截面立柱轴压性能有限元与理论分析

为了研究双肢开孔冷弯薄壁型钢拼合箱形截面立柱的轴向受力性能,采用有限元方法对拼合箱形截面立柱长细比、腹板宽度、试件厚度、开洞情况及孔洞间距等参数进行了非线性分析,并将有限元结果与《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB 50018—2002)"有效宽度法"计算未开孔试件承载力进行对比。综合考虑腹板孔洞影响,对构件轴压承载力进行折减,提出了适合双肢开孔冷弯薄壁型钢拼合箱形截面开孔试件轴压承载力计算的建议修正公式。分析结果表明:试件轴压承载力会随长细比增大及腹板孔洞的出现而减小;腹板位置处开孔洞会对试件极限承载力和破坏位置产生较大影响;开洞间距的大小不能明显改变多孔试件的极限承载力,也不会改变多孔试件的屈曲失效模式。     

三肢格构式拱换算长细比的计算方法

格构式拱的剪切变形是降低其稳定承载力的重要因素之一。按横向变形等效的原则将格构式截面拱简化为实腹式截面拱,并运用ADC法的原理编制新程序,求得三肢格构式拱考虑剪切变形影响的面内屈曲临界荷载。结合理论推导和数值分析结果,提出了三肢格构式拱的换算长细比建议计算公式。     

纯压圆弧形钢管桁架拱平面内稳定性能及设计方法

目前针对钢管桁架拱平面内稳定性能及承载力的研究较少,缺少相应的设计方法。提出了钢管桁架拱截面剪切刚度表达式,考虑剪切变形的影响推导了纯压两铰圆弧桁架拱屈曲荷载的简化计算公式以及换算长细比表达式。基于有限元方法,全面分析了截面高宽比、矢跨比、腹杆夹角及腹杆截面尺寸等不同参数对平面桁架拱和空间桁架拱弹性屈曲性能的影响,结果表明采用简化公式与有限元分析结果吻合良好。借鉴实腹拱和格构柱的稳定设计方法,采用大挠度弹塑性有限元法系统研究了平面及空间纯压桁架拱的相关稳定承载力,发现节间弦杆长细比与桁架拱整体长细比的比值是衡量局部稳定对整体稳定影响的关键参数,在此基础上提炼出纯压桁架拱的相关作用影响系数,并拟合得到了纯压桁架拱的稳定设计曲线,从而为一般荷载作用下压弯桁架拱的稳定承载力的设计奠定了基础。     

变截面工形柱平面内稳定极限承载力研究

基于非线性板壳有限元结构分析方法,对门式刚架变截面工形柱平面内稳定极限承载力进行了大挠度弹塑性分析研究。在考虑壁板局部屈曲和构件整体屈曲相关作用的同时,对影响稳定承载力的几何参数包括腹板宽厚比、翼缘宽厚比、构件楔率和构件长细比等进行了系统的分析和研究,并与现行《门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程》进行了比较,获得的结论对工程设计具有参考价值。     

竖向荷载和水平荷载共同作用下钢管拱平面内稳定承载力设计研究

采用二阶弹塑性有限单元法对竖向荷载和水平荷载共同作用下的圆形截面两铰抛物线钢管拱的平面内稳定承载力进行研究。考虑材料非线性、残余应力、初始几何缺陷、矢跨比和长细比等因素对钢管拱平面内力稳定承载力的影响。结果表明：残余应力对其竖向承载力影响很小;初始几何缺陷会显著降低中等长细比钢管拱的承载力;矢跨比和长细比是影响钢管拱承载力的重要因素,但拱的竖向承载力并不随矢跨比和长细比的均匀变化而变化。研究竖向荷载和水平荷载共同作用下两铰抛物线钢管拱达到平面内极限状态时的N-M相关关系,并拟合两铰压弯抛物线钢拱承载力N-M相关关系统一表达式。提出了竖向荷载为全跨均布和半跨均布荷载,同时考虑水平方向荷载作用的两铰抛物线钢拱平面内整体稳定承载力设计建议,可供相关设计问题参考应用。     

Q460高强度钢焊接工字形截面压弯构件局部和整体弯扭相关屈曲有限元分析

采用有限元法分析了高厚比超限的Q460钢焊接工字形截面压弯构件局部和整体弯扭相关屈曲的极限承载力,研究了腹板高厚比、翼缘宽厚比、构件长细比和荷载相对偏心率对其相关屈曲承载力的影响,提出了Q460钢焊接工字形截面压弯构件的局部和整体弯扭相关屈曲极限承载力修正计算公式。研究表明:有限元模型能够较好地模拟焊接工字形截面压弯构件局部和整体弯扭相关屈曲极限承载力;腹板高厚比、翼缘宽厚比、构件长细比及荷载相对偏心率增大均会导致构件无量纲化极限承载力降低;基于《钢结构设计规范》(报批稿)GB 50017提出的修正公式计算值与有限元计算值吻合较好。     

In-plane buckling behavior of slender parabolic concrete-filled steel tubular arches with fixed ends

现有规范采用“等效梁柱法”计算长细比不超过80的钢管混凝土拱的平面内稳定承载力,而实际工程中有近20%拱桥拱肋长细比超过上述限值,即大长细比钢管混凝土拱。因此,利用ABAQUS建立了有限元分析模型,在基于现有试验数据验证模型可靠性的基础上,对大长细比抛物线形钢管混凝土无铰拱在竖向均布荷载作用下的平面内稳定性能进行了分析,研究了长细比、矢跨比、含钢率、混凝土强度和钢材强度对拱肋平面内稳定承载力的影响;基于参数分析结果,对现有平面内整体稳定系数公式进行修正,提出了大长细比抛物线形钢管混凝土拱平面内稳定承载力设计公式。结果表明：拱肋稳定承载力随长细比增大显著降低,随矢跨比和含钢率增加近似线性提高。其中,矢跨比对大长细比拱肋影响更为显著,而含钢率对采用高强钢的拱肋影响更大;所提出的设计公式计算结果与有限元分析结果吻合良好,有限元分析结果与公式预测结果比值的均值为1.02~1.08,标准差为0.039~0.051,变异系数为3.74%~4.72%。     

Out-of-plane elastic buckling load and strength design of space truss arch with a rectangular section

The out-of-plane stability of the two-hinged space truss circular arch with a rectangular section is theoretically and numerically investigated in this paper. Firstly, the flexural stiffness and torsional stiffness of space truss arches are deduced. The calculation formula of out-of-plane elastic buckling loads of the space truss arch is derived based on the classical solution of out-of-plane flexural-torsional buckling loads of the solid web arch. However, since the classical solution cannot be used for the calculation of the arch with a small rise-span ratio, the formula for out-of-plane elastic buckling loads of space truss arches subjected to end bending moments is modified. Numerical research of the out-of-plane stability of space truss arches under different load cases shows that the theoretical formula proposed in this paper has good accuracy. Secondly, the design formulas to predict the out-of-plane elastoplastic stability strength of space truss arches subjected to the end bending moment and radial uniform load are presented through introducing a normalized slenderness ratio. By assuming that all components of space truss circular arches bear only axial force, the design formulas to prevent the local buckling of chord and transverse tubes are deduced. Finally, the bearing capacity design equations of space truss arches are proposed under vertical uniform load.     

实腹式等截面纯压钢拱的平面内弹性屈曲系数

利用有限单元法对静水压力作用下的圆弧钢拱、沿水平轴分布的竖向均布荷载作用下的抛物线钢拱、沿拱轴线分布的竖向均布荷载作用下的悬链线拱的平面内弹性屈曲进行研究,考虑了屈曲前变形、剪切变形及长细比的影响。得到了三铰拱、两铰拱、固定拱的弹性屈曲系数的数值解。对数值解与传统的经典解进行了对比分析,数值解具有更高的精度。计算结果表明,长细比大约在20~50的范围内时,经典解具有很大的误差,用屈曲系数经典解得到的计算长度系数来进行这类纯压拱的平面内稳定性设计将非常不安全。     

侧向支撑对腹板开洞钢拱平面外弹性屈曲的影响分析

腹板开洞钢拱通过设置侧向支撑可以阻止钢拱发生平面外弯扭屈曲,支撑刚度的大小会对钢拱屈曲临界荷载产生影响.采用有限元方法分析了不同荷载、拱脚条件、支撑类型和位置对钢拱平面外屈曲稳定的影响.研究表明：在刚性支撑情况下,钢拱屈曲临界荷载随支撑刚度增大而增大,铰支钢拱屈曲半波随支撑数量的增加而增加,当支撑数量为n时,会出现n＋1个屈曲半波.两种支撑类型共同工作时,在侧向刚度支撑足够的情况下,扭转支撑对钢拱平面外屈曲临界荷载的影响有限.当侧向支撑刚度达到临界支撑刚度时,其屈曲临界荷载不再随支撑刚度的增大而增大.     

Out-of-plane strength design of spatially trussed arches with a rectangular lattice section

Although several studies of the out-of-plane strength and design of steel arches with a solid web section have been reported, little research of the out-of-plane strength and design of spatially trussed arches has been reported in the open literature or design codes. In deference to the steel arch with a solid web section, the shear deformations play important parts in the out-of-plane inelastic buckling behavior of spatially trussed arches. In addition, global out-of-plane inelastic buckling of a spatially trussed arch is associated with local buckling of its components such as chord and diagonal web tubes and hence local component buckling influences the out-of-plane strength of the arch. This paper investigates the out-of-plane inelastic strength and design of spatially trussed circular arches with a rectangular lattice section under general loading using a three-dimensional nonlinear inelastic numerical approach. Methods for the out-of-plane inelastic strength and design of spatially trussed arches under uniform compression or under uniform bending are developed, based on which interaction equations for the design of spatially trussed steel arches under general loading against their out-plane failure are proposed. These interaction equations provide good lower bounds for the out-of-plane strength of spatially trussed arches.     

Inelastic buckling and strengths of steel I-section arches with central torsional restraints

The elastic flexural–torsional buckling behaviour of arches with a central elastic torsional restraint has been reported elsewhere by the authors, and it was found that a central elastic torsional restraint restricts the buckling shape of an elastic arch and increases its elastic buckling resistance. However, both the inelastic buckling and strength of arches with a central elastic torsional restraint have hitherto not been investigated. It is not known whether the threshold stiffness for elastic buckling can be applied to arches which buckle inelastically, nor is it known how to determine the strength of steel arches with a central elastic torsional restraint. This paper modifies a finite element model for the nonlinear inelastic flexural–torsional analysis of steel I-section arches by including the effects of elastic restraints, and uses it to investigate the influence of central elastic torsional restraints on the inelastic flexural–torsional buckling and strength of steel I-section arches. It is found that a central elastic torsional restraint increases the strength of steel arches, but that the increase in strength decreases as the modified slenderness of the arches decreases. The threshold value of the stiffness of a central elastic torsional restraint at which the inelastic strength of an arch is equal to that of the corresponding arch with a rigid restraint is related to both the modified slenderness and included angle of the arch. For an arch with a low modified slenderness and with a small included angle which buckles inelastically, the threshold restraint stiffness is much smaller than that for an arch which buckles elastically. Design formulae for the strengths of steel I-section arches in uniform bending and in uniform compression with a central elastic torsional restraint are proposed. Comparisons with finite element results show that the proposed formulae provide good predictions for the strength of thin-walled steel I-section arches with a central elastic torsional restraint.