腹板开洞钢拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计理论及方法

腹板开洞钢拱组合了拱和开洞构件的特性,目前在轻轨列车站篷及航站楼等的钢结构中有广泛应用。本文首先用有限壳单元分析了以工形截面腹板开洞圆弧钢拱为代表的拱的平面内弹性屈曲性能,考察了腹板孔洞的几何参数和拱本身的几何参数对屈曲荷载的影响;按照整体屈曲荷载的等效原则,把腹板开洞拱等效为由两个T形截面和缀板组成的格构式构件,并给出了格构式构件的等效截面尺寸。然后研究了各参数下的腹板开洞钢拱的弹塑性屈曲性能,定量考察了孔洞对稳定极限承载力的削弱作用,提出了腹板开洞钢拱特有的单边塑性铰的破坏机理。利用已经建立的拱的稳定系数与拱的正则化长细比的关系,根据等效构件的换算长细比,提出了受静水压力及其它荷载分布形式的腹板开洞拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计方法。     

圆管截面两铰圆弧纯压拱的平面外稳定性及设计方法

拱的平面外稳定极限承载力设计一直没有成熟的设计方法及规范指导。通过分析两铰圆管截面圆弧钢拱的平面外弹性屈曲性能,指出Timoshenko未考虑翘曲的经典解与有限元分析结果吻合很好。在弹塑性平面外稳定性分析的基础上,借鉴单轴对称截面轴心受压构件的弯扭屈曲设计方法,提出以面外屈曲荷载对应的正则化长细比为参数进行面外稳定性设计的方法。借鉴我国GB 50017—2003《钢结构设计规范》中柱子曲线的表达式,建立纯压两铰圆管截面圆弧拱稳定承载力的实用计算公式及设计曲线。     

竖向荷载和水平荷载共同作用下钢管拱平面内稳定承载力设计研究

采用二阶弹塑性有限单元法对竖向荷载和水平荷载共同作用下的圆形截面两铰抛物线钢管拱的平面内稳定承载力进行研究。考虑材料非线性、残余应力、初始几何缺陷、矢跨比和长细比等因素对钢管拱平面内力稳定承载力的影响。结果表明：残余应力对其竖向承载力影响很小;初始几何缺陷会显著降低中等长细比钢管拱的承载力;矢跨比和长细比是影响钢管拱承载力的重要因素,但拱的竖向承载力并不随矢跨比和长细比的均匀变化而变化。研究竖向荷载和水平荷载共同作用下两铰抛物线钢管拱达到平面内极限状态时的N-M相关关系,并拟合两铰压弯抛物线钢拱承载力N-M相关关系统一表达式。提出了竖向荷载为全跨均布和半跨均布荷载,同时考虑水平方向荷载作用的两铰抛物线钢拱平面内整体稳定承载力设计建议,可供相关设计问题参考应用。     

实腹式等截面纯压钢拱的平面内弹性屈曲系数

利用有限单元法对静水压力作用下的圆弧钢拱、沿水平轴分布的竖向均布荷载作用下的抛物线钢拱、沿拱轴线分布的竖向均布荷载作用下的悬链线拱的平面内弹性屈曲进行研究,考虑了屈曲前变形、剪切变形及长细比的影响。得到了三铰拱、两铰拱、固定拱的弹性屈曲系数的数值解。对数值解与传统的经典解进行了对比分析,数值解具有更高的精度。计算结果表明,长细比大约在20~50的范围内时,经典解具有很大的误差,用屈曲系数经典解得到的计算长度系数来进行这类纯压拱的平面内稳定性设计将非常不安全。     

纯压抛物线拱平面内稳定性及设计方法研究

采用大挠度弹塑性有限单元法对全跨竖向均布荷载作用下纯压抛物线拱平面内稳定承载力进行研究,考虑材料非线性、焊接残余应力、初始几何缺陷、矢跨比和支承条件等因素的影响,得到了热轧圆管截面、焊接工字形截面和焊接箱形截面纯压三铰、两铰和无铰抛物线钢拱的平面内稳定性设计曲线,给出纯压抛物线钢拱的平面内稳定设计公式。以拱的正则化长细比为基本参数,统一了三铰、两铰和无铰纯压抛物线钢拱的平面内稳定设计曲线,可用于全跨竖向均布荷载作用下纯压抛物线钢拱的平面内稳定性设计,同时可供实际设计时使用和制定有关规程时参考。     

工形截面钢拱考虑腹板局部屈曲的承载力设计方法研究

把工形截面钢拱的腹板做高做薄是提高其承载力的有效方法之一。该文采用大挠度弹塑性壳单元模型,研究焊接工形截面两铰圆弧钢拱在允许腹板局部屈曲条件下的平面内稳定承载力及其设计方法,其中考虑钢拱几何初始缺陷和残余应力的影响。首先,对钢拱在均匀轴压力作用下的承载力和破坏机理进行有限元数值分析和参数研究,考察拱截面腹板高厚比、钢拱几何长细比、截面翼缘腹板板厚比和翼缘宽厚比对钢拱稳定系数的影响。在设定的钢拱翼缘宽厚比范围内,基于大量的钢拱承载力数值分析结果,提炼出腹板高厚比和翼缘腹板板厚比组合效应的等效正则化腹板高厚比,进而获得钢拱稳定系数与等效正则化腹板高厚比以及钢拱正则化长细比之间关系的计算公式。其次,研究压弯组合作用下钢拱腹板高厚比变化对钢拱整体稳定承载力的影响,揭示钢拱压弯组合作用下的破坏机理及稳定承载力。最后通过对大量钢拱算例进行不同压弯组合工况下的极限承载力分析,提出了钢拱在一般荷载或组合荷载作用下承载力设计的计算公式。     

纯压圆弧形钢管桁架拱平面内稳定性能及设计方法

目前针对钢管桁架拱平面内稳定性能及承载力的研究较少,缺少相应的设计方法。提出了钢管桁架拱截面剪切刚度表达式,考虑剪切变形的影响推导了纯压两铰圆弧桁架拱屈曲荷载的简化计算公式以及换算长细比表达式。基于有限元方法,全面分析了截面高宽比、矢跨比、腹杆夹角及腹杆截面尺寸等不同参数对平面桁架拱和空间桁架拱弹性屈曲性能的影响,结果表明采用简化公式与有限元分析结果吻合良好。借鉴实腹拱和格构柱的稳定设计方法,采用大挠度弹塑性有限元法系统研究了平面及空间纯压桁架拱的相关稳定承载力,发现节间弦杆长细比与桁架拱整体长细比的比值是衡量局部稳定对整体稳定影响的关键参数,在此基础上提炼出纯压桁架拱的相关作用影响系数,并拟合得到了纯压桁架拱的稳定设计曲线,从而为一般荷载作用下压弯桁架拱的稳定承载力的设计奠定了基础。     

受弯圆弧拱平面外稳定承载力分析

为建立压弯钢拱平面外稳定承载力设计方法,对承受弯矩作用的受弯圆弧拱的稳定承载力进行系统研究,考察弯矩对其面外稳定的影响。采用有限元分析方法,考虑截面形式、初始几何缺陷、残余应力、矢跨比、拱脚条件及端弯矩比例的影响。首先针对均匀正弯矩作用,基于正则化长细比给出了焊接工形截面、焊接箱形截面及热轧圆管截面拱的平面外稳定曲线;之后对于不同比例的端弯矩作用下不均匀受弯情况,提出了平面外稳定承载力计算的等效正则化长细比法和等效弯矩系数法,为压弯圆弧拱设计方法的建立奠定基础。研究表明：采用正则化长细比,均匀正弯矩作用下圆弧拱的平面外稳定系数可采用与直梁类似的平面外稳定曲线;不等端弯矩作用的情况需引入等效正则化长细比或等效弯矩系数,以考虑弯矩梯度和负弯矩作用的影响;提出的两种平面外稳定承载力计算方法与大挠度弹塑性有限元分析结果吻合较好。     

均匀受压圆弧拱平面外弹塑性稳定设计方法

作为建立压弯钢拱平面外稳定承载力设计方法的第一步,综合考虑拱截面形式、初始几何缺陷、残余应力、矢跨比及拱脚条件的影响,通过弹塑性有限元分析,对均匀受压圆弧拱的平面外稳定承载力进行了数值分析,获得了平面外稳定设计曲线。研究表明：保向力作用下钢拱的平面外初始刚度及稳定承载力明显低于向心力作用下的相应结果,是一种较为不利的工况;相比几何初始缺陷和残余应力,矢跨比和拱脚条件对均匀受压圆弧拱平面外稳定承载力影响较大;通过引入拱正则化长细比,统一了不同矢跨比和拱脚条件的均匀受压圆弧拱的平面外稳定设计曲线的表达式;对于热轧圆钢管截面、焊接箱形截面、焊接工字形截面圆弧拱,可以采用GB 50017-2003《钢结构设计规范》中的b类、c类和d类截面的柱子曲线计算其平面外稳定承载力。     

U形截面圆弧拱平面外稳定性研究

用BEAM 188梁单元和SHELL 181壳单元建立了两种可考虑荷载作用位置的有限元模型,相互验证了模型的正确性.通过对两种荷载模式下U形截面无铰和两铰圆弧拱计算结果的比较,研究了支座类型、荷载模式和矢跨比对钢拱平面外屈曲的影响.对于理想的支座约束,发现径向均布荷载作用下两铰拱平面外屈曲荷载与无铰拱相同,竖向均布荷载作用下两铰拱平面外屈曲荷载在较大矢跨比时明显高于无铰拱;由于两铰与无铰拱的支座构造不同,满足什么条件平面外约束可按无铰对待有待研究.通过对加缀板与加隔板U形截面两铰圆弧拱平面外屈曲荷载的比较,发现加缀板形成间断闭合截面对屈曲荷载提高更显著,且用料少、施工简单.     

Out-of-plane elastic buckling load and strength design of space truss arch with a rectangular section

The out-of-plane stability of the two-hinged space truss circular arch with a rectangular section is theoretically and numerically investigated in this paper. Firstly, the flexural stiffness and torsional stiffness of space truss arches are deduced. The calculation formula of out-of-plane elastic buckling loads of the space truss arch is derived based on the classical solution of out-of-plane flexural-torsional buckling loads of the solid web arch. However, since the classical solution cannot be used for the calculation of the arch with a small rise-span ratio, the formula for out-of-plane elastic buckling loads of space truss arches subjected to end bending moments is modified. Numerical research of the out-of-plane stability of space truss arches under different load cases shows that the theoretical formula proposed in this paper has good accuracy. Secondly, the design formulas to predict the out-of-plane elastoplastic stability strength of space truss arches subjected to the end bending moment and radial uniform load are presented through introducing a normalized slenderness ratio. By assuming that all components of space truss circular arches bear only axial force, the design formulas to prevent the local buckling of chord and transverse tubes are deduced. Finally, the bearing capacity design equations of space truss arches are proposed under vertical uniform load.     

In-plane buckling behavior of slender parabolic concrete-filled steel tubular arches with fixed ends

现有规范采用“等效梁柱法”计算长细比不超过80的钢管混凝土拱的平面内稳定承载力,而实际工程中有近20%拱桥拱肋长细比超过上述限值,即大长细比钢管混凝土拱。因此,利用ABAQUS建立了有限元分析模型,在基于现有试验数据验证模型可靠性的基础上,对大长细比抛物线形钢管混凝土无铰拱在竖向均布荷载作用下的平面内稳定性能进行了分析,研究了长细比、矢跨比、含钢率、混凝土强度和钢材强度对拱肋平面内稳定承载力的影响;基于参数分析结果,对现有平面内整体稳定系数公式进行修正,提出了大长细比抛物线形钢管混凝土拱平面内稳定承载力设计公式。结果表明：拱肋稳定承载力随长细比增大显著降低,随矢跨比和含钢率增加近似线性提高。其中,矢跨比对大长细比拱肋影响更为显著,而含钢率对采用高强钢的拱肋影响更大;所提出的设计公式计算结果与有限元分析结果吻合良好,有限元分析结果与公式预测结果比值的均值为1.02~1.08,标准差为0.039~0.051,变异系数为3.74%~4.72%。     

Inelastic buckling and strengths of steel I-section arches with central torsional restraints

The elastic flexural–torsional buckling behaviour of arches with a central elastic torsional restraint has been reported elsewhere by the authors, and it was found that a central elastic torsional restraint restricts the buckling shape of an elastic arch and increases its elastic buckling resistance. However, both the inelastic buckling and strength of arches with a central elastic torsional restraint have hitherto not been investigated. It is not known whether the threshold stiffness for elastic buckling can be applied to arches which buckle inelastically, nor is it known how to determine the strength of steel arches with a central elastic torsional restraint. This paper modifies a finite element model for the nonlinear inelastic flexural–torsional analysis of steel I-section arches by including the effects of elastic restraints, and uses it to investigate the influence of central elastic torsional restraints on the inelastic flexural–torsional buckling and strength of steel I-section arches. It is found that a central elastic torsional restraint increases the strength of steel arches, but that the increase in strength decreases as the modified slenderness of the arches decreases. The threshold value of the stiffness of a central elastic torsional restraint at which the inelastic strength of an arch is equal to that of the corresponding arch with a rigid restraint is related to both the modified slenderness and included angle of the arch. For an arch with a low modified slenderness and with a small included angle which buckles inelastically, the threshold restraint stiffness is much smaller than that for an arch which buckles elastically. Design formulae for the strengths of steel I-section arches in uniform bending and in uniform compression with a central elastic torsional restraint are proposed. Comparisons with finite element results show that the proposed formulae provide good predictions for the strength of thin-walled steel I-section arches with a central elastic torsional restraint.     

Nonlinear in-plane behavior of circular steel arches with hollow circular cross-section

In this work the nonlinear in-plane behavior of circular arches with hollow circular cross-section is investigated. The influence of a number of design parameters, such as the boundary conditions, the rise-to-span ratio, and the included angle on the strength is presented. Moreover, the effect of other behavior factors, such as the geometrical and material nonlinearities and the initial imperfections, is investigated. A criterion for the prediction of the type of nonlinear behavior of arches is given, and a formula for the determination of the nonlinear buckling load is proposed. It is found that the effect of initial imperfections on the strength depends largely on the arch slenderness and the imperfection magnitude in the case of shallow arches. When arches are deep this dependence becomes less significant. The effect of geometrical nonlinearity depends significantly on the shallowness and the slenderness of the arches. Stocky arches are less influenced by the rise-to-span ratio than slender ones. The effect of boundary conditions depends significantly on the shallowness of arches and the arch slenderness. The reduction of strength is larger in slender arches than in stocky ones.     

Seismic performance and collapse prevention of concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubular arches

The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the seismic behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) arches using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). A nonlinear elastic–plastic finite element model is developed using OpenSees software and is verified with a shaking table test. Single-record IDA studies indicate that a CFST arch undergoes global dynamic instability when subjected to ground motions of increasing intensity levels. During this process, either dynamic elastic buckling or dynamic elastic–plastic buckling may occur. Dynamic strength, which is defined as the capacity for preventing global dynamic instabilities of CFST arches, is determined with a series of multi-record IDA calculations. A lower bound equation that takes into account the effect of slenderness ratio, axial compression ratio, and included angle is proposed for the prediction of the dynamic strength of CFST arches.