酒精废水厌氧消化液的后续处理试验

酒精废水经厌氧生物处理后排出的消化液COD浓度约为6 500 mg/L,BOD5/COD值较低,为此采用好氧生化-铁屑微电解混凝工艺进行了后续处理.结果表明,当好氧生物反应器容积负荷为0.65 kgCOD/(m3*d)、铁屑微电解反应与曝气时间各为1 h、聚铝(PAC)投量为300 mg/L、PAM投量为4 mg/L时,该组合工艺出水COD为156～236 mg/L、BOD5为53.1～82.0 mg/L、SS为12.5～16.10 mg/L、色度为25倍,符合GB 8978-1996的二级排放标准.     

间歇曝气折流BAF处理小城镇生活污水的效能研究

在间歇曝气运行方式下对折流曝气生物滤池(BBAF)处理小城镇生活污水的效能进行了研究,考察了曝气/停曝时间对处理效果的影响.结果表明,在气水比为8:1、曝气/停曝时间分别为1.5 h/1 h和1.25 h/1.25 h的条件下,当进水COD为53～275 mg/L、TN为16.83～47.68 mg/L、TP为1.58～3.75 mg/L时,出水水质均能满足<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB 18918--2002)的一级B标准.曝气/停曝时间为1.25 h/1.25 h相对节能,可作为今后运行的主要工况.     

混凝-超滤组合工艺运行优化研究

采用混凝/浸没式超滤组合工艺对深圳某原水进行中试研究,从有机物去除和膜污染控制两方面对聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量和膜池曝气强度进行了优化。结果表明,膜池气水比为12∶1,PAC投加量为0、3、4 mg/L时,Zeta电位绝对值逐渐减小,颗粒数和COD Mn去除效果增强,继续增加PAC投加量到5 mg/L,则Zeta电位绝对值增大,颗粒数和COD Mn去除效果变差。PAC投加量为4 mg/L,膜池气水比为(7.5∶1)、(9∶1)、(12∶1)时,Zeta电位绝对值逐渐减小,颗粒数和COD Mn去除效果逐渐增强,继续增大气水比到15∶1,则Zeta电位增大,颗粒数和COD Mn去除效果变差。PAC的投加和膜池曝气可减缓不可逆膜污染,增加PAC投加量可提高DOC去除率,降低单周期TMP增幅;提高曝气强度会降低DOC去除率,降低单周期TMP增幅。     

某城市污水处理厂改造工程的中试研究

采用厌氧塘/预曝气/絮凝沉淀/好氧生化工艺对工业废水所占比例较高的城市污水进行中试研究.结果表明,厌氧塘出水经30 min的预曝气后进行絮凝沉淀,当FeSO4投加量为150mg/L、聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量为100 mg/L时,对COD的单元去除率能够达到52%,且BOD5/COD值由0.4提高到0.6;对好氧系统采用周期性改变反应池内溶解氧浓度和外加碳源的措施,能够提高生物脱氮效果;经该工艺处理后,出水水质能够达到GB 18918-2002标准的一级B标准;经核算,该工艺的直接运行成本为0.65元/m3(不合污泥处理费).     

深井曝气工艺处理激素制药废水

采用水解酸化与深井曝气为主体的组合工艺处理激素类制药废水,处理规模为3 000 m3/d。工程运行结果表明:当进水COD为8 000～10 000 mg/L、BOD5为4 800～6 000 mg/L、pH值为4～6、氨氮约为300 mg/L时,处理后出水COD≤500 mg/L,BOD5≤300 mg/L,出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的三级标准。     

一体化间歇曝气多级生物膜反应器处理低温、低浓污水

采用新型一体化间歇曝气多级生物膜反应器处理低浓度小城镇污水,重点考察了冬季低温(5～8℃)对反应器处理效能的影响,以及采用分级间歇曝气方式能否解决连续流生物膜反应器除磷效能低的问题。试验结果表明:在水温为5～8℃、有机负荷为0.5 kgCOD/(m3.d)、氮负荷为0.12 kgN/(m3.d)、DO为6.0 mg/L、HRT为6.0 h、挂膜密度为30%,以及第一、二级生物膜反应区的停曝与曝气时间比均为1.0 h/2.0 h的条件下,处理平均COD为120 mg/L、TN为30mg/L、NH4+-N为27 mg/L、PO43--P为1.9 mg/L的低浓度城镇污水,可使出水COD≤35 mg/L,NH4+-N≤3.3 mg/L,TN≤19 mg/L,PO43--P≤0.8 mg/L,达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级B标准。     

水解-BAF-纤维过滤工艺处理卷烟废水

采用水解-生物曝气滤池(BAF)-纤维过滤工艺处理某卷烟厂的废水并回用.经过一年的运行表明,在进水COD为300～1 020 mg/L、NH3-N为15～35 mg/L、SS为100～300 mg/L、BOD5为130～420 mg/L、水温为15～25 ℃时,出水COD＜50 mg/L,NH3-N＜4 mg/L,SS＜1.5 mg/L,满足了该厂对回用水水质的要求.     

辅助曝气式新型人工湿地模型处理污水的研究

人工湿地系统具有投资少、运行费用低、管理简单、处理效果稳定、便于就地回用等特点.在人工湿地的基础上增加曝气装置,推动了系统对COD的去除作用以及氨氮的硝化作用.研究表明,在进水COD为324mg/L、NH4＋-N为34mg/L的条件下,出水平均浓度分别为25,3.8mg/L,达到了国家一级A标准.     

粉末活性炭对硝基氯苯类污染物的吸附特性研究

采用间歇试验研究了硝基氯苯和2,4-二硝基氯苯在粉末活性炭(PAC)上的吸附特性,并分析了二者的吸附动力学和吸附热力学行为.结果表明,硝基氯苯和2,4-二硝基氯苯在PAC上的吸附行为符合Freundlich方程,当PAC投量为20 mg/L、吸附时间为120 min时,硝基氯苯和2,4-二硝基氯苯的平衡浓度分别为0.027 9、0.77 mg/L.硝基氯苯和2,4-二硝基氯苯在PAC上的吸附行为符合假二级反应动力学,且吸附能力随反应温度的降低而增强.在实际应用PAC控制硝基氯苯和2,4-二硝基氯苯时,应根据化合物的性质酌情考虑PAC的最佳投量.     

射流曝气MBR工艺处理城市污水的研究

传统膜生物反应器(MBR)的能耗较大、运行费用较高,为此开发了射流曝气MBR工艺。采用其处理某开发区污水,在进水COD为60～300 mg/L、氨氮为3～30 mg/L、总磷为0.8～5 mg/L、水力停留时间为2 h的条件下,出水COD、氨氮、总磷的平均值分别为25、1.27、1.66 mg/L,平均去除率分别为84%、93%、46%。反应器采用射流曝气方式,提高了氧的转移效率,大幅降低了能耗,与常规MBR相比则节能达70%。近一年的运行表明,射流曝气对膜丝的正常工作没有任何影响,其清洗周期保持不变。     

环流曝气工艺的工程应用探讨

介绍了一种新型好氧处理工艺——环流曝气工艺,对其处理机理进行了讨论。对经厌氧处理后COD约为4000mg／L的油脂化工废水采用环流曝气工艺进行处理,出水COD为110～150mg／L、BOD5为8～13mg／L、NH3-N为5～9mg／L。     

Textile Wastewater Treatment With Activated Sludge And Powdered Activated Carbon

The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of batch activated sludge process and powdered activated carbon adsorption for organic and color removal from textile wastewaters. Factors affecting treatment performance investigated in the study included raw wastewater strength, various combinations of dye to starch in the wastewater, aeration time. Synthetic wastewaters using starch solution and disperse-red-60 dye were used in the adsorption study. The 3 wastewater strengths used included low, medium and high strength. The 5 different dye to starch combinations used included 0% dye+100% starch, 25% dye+75% starch, 50% dye+50% starch, 75% dye+25% starch, and 100% dye+0% starch. The batch bio-oxidation was conducted for a period of 24 hours. The COD removal efficiency, color removal, bio-oxidation rate constant, F/M ratio, SVI, pH and temperature were determined. The results indicated that starch was much easier to remove by the batch activated sludge process compared to disperse-red-60 dye, which was virtually non-biodegradable. Wastewaters containing 100% starch had the highest COD removal efficiency. Increase in dye concentration in wastewater resulted in decrease in the COD removal efficiency. The COD removal efficiency ranged from 6 to 45% for low strength wastewater of 100mg/L COD, 27 to 80% for medium strength wastewater of 500mg/L COD, and 23 to 65% for high strength wastewater of 1000mg/L COD. The low strength wastewaters had the best settling characteristics, while the medium strength wastewaters had the worst. For high PAC dosage of 15g/L, high COD removal efficiencies of 88 to 98% removal and E * ab of 36 to 47 were obtained. It is recommended that activated sludge be used to remove high COD organic pollutants first, followed by PAC adsorption to remove dye waste in the treatment of textile wastewaters.     

低DO下曝气方式对分段进水脱氮工艺的影响

采用分段进水生物脱氮工艺处理小区生活污水,考察了在低DO条件下,不同曝气方式对硝化率及污泥沉降性能的影响。结果表明,在曝气量为0．27m^3／h、MLSS平均为2700mg／L左右、好氧区的DO为0．26～2．5mg／L的条件下,当进水氨氮为44～55mg／L时,对氨氮的去除率保持在95％以上,对COD的去除率〉90％;当控制好氧区第1、2格室的DO分别为0．5～0．7和1．0～1．2mg／L时,系统的硝化率维持在90％以上,出水中的氨氮〈2mg／L;在恒定曝气量下,向进水中投加有机碳源,当水质改变较快时,容易引起丝状菌污泥膨胀,但通过恒DO曝气控制,可使污泥的沉降性能得到改善。     

曝气/微生物/人工湿地组合工艺处理黑臭河水

针对河北省东部某黑臭河流治理项目,开展了曝气/微生物/人工湿地组合工艺处理黑臭河水的中试研究.经过2个月的运行,在进水污染物浓度高且水质波动大的情况下,系统仍运行效果良好,COD、NH3-N、TP分别从519、11.5、6.5 mg/L左右下降到33、1.5、0.25 mg/L,出水水质达到了<地表水环境质量标准>中的V类水质标准.     

三维电极-混凝法处理酵母生产废水的试验研究

采用三维电极-混凝法处理广东某酵母厂经厌氧、好氧、缺氧处理后的酵母生产废水，结果表明，采用石墨电极，在电压为9V、极板间距为4cm、电解时间为3h的条件下，废水经三维电极法处理后出水COD可降至400mg／L左右；继续采用混凝法对上清液进行处理，在聚合氯化铝投量为1～2g／L时，出水COD可降至300mg／L以下，色度可降至14倍，出水水质可达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）的二级标准。     

Color removal from cotton textile industry wastewater in an activated sludge system with various additives

The low biodegradability of many dyes and textile chemicals indicates that biological treatment is not always successful in the treatment of cotton textile wastewater, in terms of color removal. In this study, a specific organic flocculant (Marwichem DEC), powdered activated carbon (PAC), bentonite, activated clay and commercial synthetic inorganic clay (Macrosorb) were directly added into the activated sludge laboratory pilot plant model. Before dosage, the optimum sludge retention time and hydraulic retention time were determined as 30 days and 1.6 days, respectively. The Monod kinetic constants were determined as Y = 0.76 kg MLSS/kg COD, Kd = 0.026 l/day, K(S) = 113.3 mg/L, k = 0.42 l/day and mu(max) = 0.32 kg MLSS/kg COD day. Under these conditions the average COD removal was 94% and color removal was 36%. The addition of these materials did not change COD removal significantly. The most effective materials were found to be DEC and PAC for color removal. While the color removal efficiency for 120 mg/L DEC addition was 78%, it was 65% for 100 mg/L, 77% for 200 mg/L and 86% for 400 mg/L PAC addition. The advantage of DEC compared to PAC was the lower sludge production. Statistical analyses using multiple linear regression indicate that there is no relationship between the effluent color with the influent color and total suspended solids (TSS) for DEC and PAC addition. On the other hand, when only bentonite, activated clay and Macrosorb were added, the effluent color was primarily dependent on the influent color and the TSS concentration had little effect. When the data is examined by using Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests and it was found that there was a significant difference between the color data groups.     

Fe-H2O2深度处理造纸中段废水的研究

为解决零价铁法处理废水时效率偏低的问题,采用Fe-H2O2法对造纸中段废水的二级处理出水进行了深度处理,分别考察了pH值、反应时间、铁炭比、曝气量和H2O2投量对色度和COD去除率的影响.结果表明：在pH值为3.5、铁炭比（体积比）为1.2、曝气量为1.4 L/min、铁屑粒径为60～80目、H2O2投量为40～60 mg/L的最优条件下,当处理时间控制在35 min时,对色度和COD的去除率可分别达到98%和77%左右,出水可回用.