脱硫粉刷石膏的配制与性能研究

通过研究缓凝剂、复合激发剂和保水剂3种外加剂的不同掺量对脱硫粉刷石膏凝结时间、抗折强度和抗压强度等性能的影响,对脱硫粉刷石膏水化试样进行SEM测试,确定了脱硫粉刷石膏中缓凝剂、复合激发剂和保水剂3种外加剂的最佳掺量分别为0.1%～0.2%、2%和0.2%,探讨了上述外加剂对脱硫粉刷石膏的作用机理。     

Strengthening the structural behavior of adobe walls through the use of plaster reinforcement mesh

This study presents an experimental investigation on the use of additives and plaster mesh in adobe wall panels. Three different groups of adobe soil mixture are considered for forming adobe blocks in wall panels with and without mesh placement along horizontal mortar joints. The groups consist of plain adobe blocks, blocks with 1% straw and 10% fly ash. Wall panels are loaded under diagonal compressive axial load in order to evaluate their ultimate load capacities, deformability, and energy absorption characteristics. According to the results obtained from tests, the combined use of plaster mesh with additives enhances the structural behavior significantly.     

Selection of plasters and renders for salt laden masonry substrates

The choice of a repair plaster or render by architects often appears to be the result of fortuitous circumstances, such as prior experience with a plaster or a recommendation by a producer. Seldom is the choice based on a sound assessment of the state of the building and the wall that is to be repaired. The service life of the repair plaster/render (and of the building to be conserved) is determined by many factors. In this paper, the most important factors affecting the risk of damage caused by salt are discussed, taking into account both the service life of the repair plaster/render and the conservation requirements of the existing building. The characteristics and performance of the various types of mortar for repair plaster or render are also reviewed. Next an attempt is made to evaluate the significance of the different factors affecting the choice of mortar. Then, taking into account the degree of risk of damage and performance data of the various types of repair mortar, possible mortar choices can be made for a repair plaster with an adequate service life. The final choice will depend on the specific conservation requirements for the existing building fabric.     

夏热冬暖地区装配式民用建筑混凝土预制外墙板热工性能分析

随着社会的发展,装配式建筑因建设效率高,对环境污染小等特点而倍受青睐。夏热冬暖地区民用建筑外墙的热工性能要求主要针对隔热,文章分析了装配式建筑外墙采用的混凝土预制墙板的热工性能及复合保温隔热层、隔热涂料加隔热腻子两种措施对其热工性能的改善效果。结果表明：较薄混凝土预制墙板不能满足现行标准的节能和隔热要求,隔热涂料加隔热腻子是适合改善夏热冬暖地区的预制外墙板热工性能的措施。     

脱硫石膏轻质底层粉刷砂浆施工应用技术研究

以脱硫建筑石膏主要胶凝材料,配合轻骨料以及外加剂配制而成的脱硫石膏轻质底层粉刷砂浆,代替传统水泥砂浆或混合砂浆,兼具墙体的找平层和保温层,同时具有防火、吸声、调节空气湿度等功能。采用机械喷涂技术,可解决石膏砂浆的施工难度问题,且施工速度提高三倍。同时解决脱硫废渣的处置问题,符合循环经济和节能环保要求。     

明、清官式灰背作法

在明、清官式建筑的屋顶作法中，灰背（包括泥背）作法是整个屋顶作法中关键的一环。灰背顶可以满足屋顶防水要求，并能满足屋顶水流方向发生改变时的防水要求，因此灰背作法是解决平台屋顶以及天沟等部位防水问题的主要措施。本文主要介绍传统灰背的一般操作程序；宫廷灰背作法中的几种特殊手法；传统灰背的现行作法，以及提高灰背的质量的材料配比和施工方法。     

Inelastic buckling of torsionally braced I-girders under uniform bending,II: Experimental study

This paper presents a series of experimental test results on the inelastic buckling of torsionally braced I-girder system under uniform bending. In order to confirm the numerical study results on the design criteria for torsional diaphragm braces which are presented through the companion paper, a test program was performed. Totally four sets of test models that form 2-girder systems interconnected with I-shaped crossbeams were fabricated by using SM570-TMC steel. Pure bending test was conducted on each test model up to the ultimate bending capacity. Then, numerical analyses were performed for a comparative study. The bending resistance capacities of the test girders were evaluated by using the Eurocode 3 and the AASHTO LRFD specifications to compare with the test results. From the comparative studies, the torsional bracing requirements were experimentally proved for the inelastic buckling range approaching the compact unbraced length limit. Finally, the validity of the proposed design equations including the current design provisions is discussed.     

Effects of loading patterns on seismic behavior of CHS KK-connections under out-of-plane bending

This paper deals with experimental investigations to study the seismic behavior of circular hollow section (CHS) KK-connections used in steel tubular structures. Cyclic out-of-plane bending (OPB) loading patterns were varied in testing two full-scale specimens in order to evaluate their effect on connection behavior. Test results indicated that the strength efficiency of these connections significantly depended on the loading patterns. CHS KK-connections under alternate opening and closing out-of-plane bending (AOCO) developed more satisfactory levels of ductility and energy dissipation than that under alternate clockwise aligned and counter-clockwise aligned out-of-plane bending (ACCO), although the final failure modes for both showed similar fracture initiated from the chord wall. This observation was further verified by the proposed simplified analytical model results. Finite element (FE) analyses were performed to simulate the experimental behavior and facilitate the interpretation of the important test observations. Additionally, it was found that the energy dissipation due to the ductile chord crack propagation could be utilized effectively to some extent for earthquake resistance.     

木塑板力学性能试验研究与分析

为了研究木塑板在钢框架填充墙中的应用,首先对木塑板进行了抗压和抗弯试验研究,分析了板材的力学性能指标;然后采用有限元软件ANSYS,对这种木塑板进行模拟,验证模型的正确性.结果表明;木塑板虽是一种脆性材料,但它的抗压强度和抗弯强度能够达到工程要求,且具有良好的保温和防腐性能,因此研究木塑板填充墙具有重要的意义.     

Effect of pozzolanic admixtures on mechanical,thermal and hygric properties of lime plasters

Compressive and bending strength, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, water sorptivity, moisture diffusivity, water vapor diffusion coefficient, sorption isotherms, and linear thermal and hygric expansion coefficients of three lime plasters with pozzolanic admixtures are determined in the paper. Comparative measurements with common lime plaster are done as well. On the basis of the experiments performed, it can be concluded that all the three analyzed lime-pozzolana plasters are suitable for an application in reconstruction of historical buildings. While their mechanical properties are significantly better compared to the reference lime plaster, their thermal and hygric properties are mostly similar or slightly improved. The only parameter that is found to be worse than for the common lime plaster is the linear hygric expansion coefficient but its worsening can be matched by the improved mechanical properties.     

基于裂缝控制限值的地下连续墙弯矩分析

推导了由裂缝控制限值反算地下连续墙弯矩的计算方法。结合工程实例就裂缝控制限值取0.2或0.3时对地下连续墙的配筋率、极限弯矩以及荷载短期效应弯矩的影响关系进行了详细的讨论,得出按照裂缝控制限值进行地下连续墙设计,不但可以满足裂缝控制要求与极限承载力要求,而且可以优化配筋率的结论。     

关于建筑保温隔热问题

建筑节能是既定国策,对建筑外墙保温的看法已经趋于一致。外墙保温的做法主要有五类,介绍薄抹面层抗裂性的影响因素及解决办法。     

脱硫石膏制备粉刷石膏的试验研究

本文利用未煅烧的脱硫石膏制备高附加值的粉刷石膏,主要研究了外加剂和保水剂的种类、养护条件等对脱硫石膏基粉刷石膏制品性能的影响。结果表明:当脱硫石膏∶矿粉∶水泥∶硫铝酸盐水泥∶柠檬酸钾∶生石灰∶硫酸钾=365∶138∶48∶60∶0.5∶9.6∶0.5,水灰比为0.32时,获得了性能优异,满足国标JC/T517-2004要求的粉刷石膏。     

外墙涂料开裂的防治措施

针对目前高层建筑外墙涂料的开裂情况，对涂料及打底材料的要求作了阐述，从施工方面提出避免外墙开裂的措施，从而保持墙体美观，避免墙体开裂，防止墙体渗漏。     

古建筑抹灰

本文重点介绍了几种古建墙体抹灰的方法。靠骨灰是在墙面上直接抹麻刀灰，施工工艺包括：底层处理、打底、罩面和赶轧、刷浆。其他抹灰方法还有：泥底灰、滑秸泥、壁画抹灰、纸筋灰、三合灰和毛灰。同时针对抹灰后做缝和抹灰修缮的施工方法，古建抹灰的材料配合比及制作方法进行了详细讲解。     

A new set of design aids for groups of four cylindrical silos due to interstice and internal loadings

The computation of design forces for reinforced concrete groups of four cylindrical silos requires significant computational effort due to continuity in the walls between adjacent silos. This paper presents a simple but accurate procedure for the computation of design forces acting on groups of four cylindrical silos due to stored materials. In this conjunction, finite element analyses were performed by using eight‐node solid elements for various groups of four cylindrical silos under interstice and internal loadings. The design forces at the prescribed sections of interstice and external walls were computed. The silo wall thicknesses, intersection wall thicknesses and intersection wall lengths of these grouped silos were varied with an extensive parametric study to demonstrate their influences on resultant design forces. Design formulas were proposed and dimensionless design coefficients were derived from the comprehensive series of finite element analyses considering the effect of continuity in the walls. The results were expressed in simplified form, so that the prediction of bending moments, axial forces and shear forces became straightforward for design purposes. In addition, the rigidity of the interstice walls was varied by changing the modulus of elasticity and the redistribution of design forces was investigated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of fasteners disposition on behaviour of timber-framed walls with single fibre–plaster sheathing boards

This paper provides an experimental analysis of timber-framed walls, coated with single fibre–plaster coating boards fastened to a timber frame. As the walls under a horizontal load actually behave like a deep composite beam [Faherty KF, Williamson TG, Wood engineering and construction handbook, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company; 1989; Premrov M, Dobrila P. Modelling of fastener flexibility in CFRP strengthened timber-framed walls using modified γ – method. Eng Struct 2007; 30(2): 368–75; Dobrila P, Premrov M. Reinforcing methods for composite timber frame-fibreboard wall panels. Eng Struct 2003; 25(11): 1369–76], a fasteners’ disposition is very important and directly influences bearing capacity as well as stiffness of a wall. The presentation, based on the measured results, ascertains that fasteners’ spacing has a remarkable influence on behaviour of the treated walls in many aspects. Additionally, for designer purpose, comparison with relative expensive strengthening solution by using CFRP diagonal strips [Premrov M, Dobrila P, Bedenik BS. Analysis of timber-framed walls coated with CFRP strips strengthened fibre-plaster boards. Int J Solids Struct 2004; 41(24): 7035–48] is made and gives some interesting indications for designing practice by multi-storey timber-framed buildings.     

Durability of rammed earth walls exposed for 20 years to natural weathering

This paper presents a study on the durability of different types of stabilised and unstabilised rammed earth walls. These rammed earth walls were constructed and exposed for 20 years to natural weathering, in a wet continental climate. None of these walls have shown complete collapse to date. A method to measure the rammed earth walls erosion by stereo-photogrammetry has been developed. The result shows that the mean erosion depth of the studied walls is about 2 mm (0.5% wall thickness) in the case of rammed earth wall stabilised with 5% by dry weight of hydraulic lime and about 6.4 mm (1.6% wall thickness) in the case of unstabilised rammed earth walls. The stabilisation enables to not use any plaster to protect the walls. In the case of the unstabilised rammed earth walls, an extrapolated lifetime longer than 60 years can be assessed. This shows a potential for the use of unstabilised rammed earth in the similar climatic conditions with this study. The method of stereo-photogrammetry used to measure the erosion of rammed earth walls on site may also help to calibrate and develop more pertinent laboratory test to assess the durability of rammed earth wall.     

台湾民主基金会，台北，台湾，中国

老房子位于师大附中旁信义路巷内是独门独院的建筑物．建筑形式反应当时住宅功能性的要求，开口、出檐仅为满足机能而设，没有装饰性的语汇。建筑构造体本身大致完整，未有明显的损坏，唯室内外墙面多处因漏水受潮而致使粉刷层脱落；设备管线因使用需求的变化而以明管的方式随意增设；固定家具也因年久失修而无法使用。围墙内保留茂密的植栽．但因久未修剪而感觉杂乱。老房子便隐匿在陈旧的空心砖墙及树林背后。     

谈填充墙抹灰施工

结合襄垣县职业高中、长治市委党校学员读书楼工程实例,介绍了填充墙抹灰工程的施工技术,主要从填充墙抹灰的施工作业条件、操作工艺及施工质量标准等方面进行了阐述,通过工程实践应用,取得了良好的效果。