大粒径骨料钢纤维高强混凝土试验研究

进行了最大粒径为25,31.5 mm的连续级配碎石钢纤维高强混凝土试验,研究了碎石粒径、水灰比、钢纤维长度及体积分数对钢纤维混凝土拌和物坍落度和硬化钢纤维混凝土立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、弯拉强度的影响规律,并与现行规程CECS38:2004《纤维混凝土结构技术规程》的相关强度计算公式进行了对比.结果表明:钢纤维在混凝土拌和物中的"棚架"效应将产生钢纤维混凝土拌和物坍落度减小的表象,在振动作用下该效应迅速瓦解而对试件成型影响较小;连续级配碎石最大粒径和钢纤维长度对钢纤维混凝土的抗压、劈裂抗拉强度影响较小,但对钢纤维混凝土弯拉强度的增强效果影响较大;可以采用现行规程确定最大粒径为31.5 mm的连续级配碎石钢纤维高强混凝土的抗压、劈裂抗拉强度,但弯拉强度的试验值则低于计算值.     

Effect of concrete mixing parameters on propagation of ultrasonic waves

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of concrete aggregate gradation, water–cement ratio, and curing time on measured ultrasonic wave velocity (UPV). 30 × 30 × 10 cm Portland cement concrete slabs were cast for ultrasonic evaluation, while 10 cm diameter by 20 cm height cylinders were cast for compressive strength evaluation The slabs and cylinders were prepared using Portland cement and limestone aggregate. Two slabs were cast from each combination of coarse aggregate gradations and water cement ratio (0.40, 0.45, 0.50, and 0.55). Four ASTM gradations were considered, ASTM No: 8, 67, 56, and 4. These gradations have nominal maximum aggregate size 25, 4.75, 19.3, and 12.5 mm, respectively.The ultrasonic equipment used in this study was the portable ultrasonic non-destructive digital indicating tester (PUNDIT) with a generator having an amplitude of 500 V producing 54 kHz waves. The time needed to transfer the signal between the transducers was recorded and used to calculate the signal velocity, which was used as a parameter in the evaluation. Ultrasonic measurements were performed at 3, 7, 28, and 90 days after concrete casting.The results of the analysis indicated that water–cement ratio was found to have a significant effect on UPV. The UPV was found to decrease with the increase of water cement ratio. Aggregate gradation was also found to have significant effect on UPV. In general, the larger the aggregate size used in preparing Portland cement concrete, the higher the measured velocity of ultrasonic waves. Also, UPV was found to be increased as concrete curing time increased. Concrete compressive strength was found to be significantly affected by water–cement ratio and coarse aggregate gradation. Lower water–cement ratio produced higher concrete strength. Also, the concrete compressive strength increased as maximum aggregate size decreased.     

The effects of aggregate properties on lightweight concrete

This paper describes a study of the effects of several factors on the strength of lightweight aggregate concrete composites: aggregate strength, w/c ratio and the porosities of the interfacial zone and within the hardened cement paste. Concrete samples with three different water cement ratios (i.e. 0.4, 0.44, 0.48) were compared. The crushing strengths of three grades of expanded clay lightweight aggregates (i.e. 25, 15, 5 mm) and the pore distributions of the hardened cement pastes were measured. Increasing the water/cement ratio was found to decrease the strength of lightweight aggregate concrete. The numbers of pores within the cement paste and in the aggregate/cement paste interfacial zone were found to increase.     

钢纤维混凝土的抗弯韧性研究

本文系统研究了晨大骨料粒径，混凝土强度等级，钢纤维掺量和纤维长度等对钢纤维混凝土的抗弯韧性的影响。试验采用两种最大骨料粒径（15mm,25mm)，两种纤维体积掺量（0．2％，0．6％）和两种纤维长度（35mm,60mm) ,混凝土强度等级分别为C30和C50。研究结果表明，混凝土本身因素（如强度，骨料粒径）与纤维参数（如体积掺量，纤维长度）对钢纤维混凝土的韧性具有同样重要的影响，钢纤维混凝土的设计和应用必须综合考虑纤维与基材料的合理配伍。     

Effect of temperature on the residual compressive strength of laterized concrete

Tests are reported on 100 mm laterized concrete cubes, containing ordinary portland cement, crushed granite, sharp sand and fine laterite in varying proportions. The percentage of sand by weight of total fine aggregate was varied in steps of 25% up to a maximum of 100% corresponding to normal concrete. The mix proportion was . The test specimens were exposed to varying temperatures ranging from 30°C (i.e. room temperature) to 800°C and allowed to cool for 24 hours before crushing. The results showed that unlike normal concrete the residual compressive strength of laterized concrete increaed, by up to 50% of the nominal strength, with increasing temperature up to 200°C before falling to about 20% of the nominal strength at 800°C. The gain in strength depended on the sand content. The results further showed that within the limits of water/cement ratios normally used in concrete works (i.e. 0.55 to 0.65), the residual strength of laterized concrete was independent of the water/cement ratio. Also, the density of laterized concrete was not significantly affected by changes in temperature but that the tangent modulus of elasticity was reduced from 18 kN/mm² at 30°C to 0.12 kN/mm² at 600°C.     

Effect of silica fume and steel fibers on some properties of high-strength concrete

The main disadvantage of high-strength concrete is its highly brittle behavior and this can beovercome by adding fibers to the concrete. This would also improve some other mechanical properties of high-strength concrete such as tensile strength and compressive strength. These properties are not very well established for high-strength steel-fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC) yet. In this study the influence of silica fume on the properties of HSFRC were investigated by using silica fume of two different percentages and three different hooked-end fibers namely, 30/0.50, 60/0.80 and 50/0.60 length/diameter (mm/mm). Fibers were added to concrete in three different volume percentages of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 by volume of concrete. The results indicated that there is a linear function between splitting tensile strength (F_splt) and volume percentage of fibers (V_f) [i.e. F_plt = A(V_f) + B, where A and B are correlation coefficients] as well as between splitting tensile strength (F_splt) and compressive strength (F_c) of plain series A concrete [i.e. F_splt = C (√F_c) + D, where C and D are correlation coefficients]. These relations can describe the development of splitting tensile strength of HSFRC containing no silica fume, 5% silica fume and 10% silica fume by weight of cement. On the other hand, although silica fume has an effect on compressive strength, volume percentage and aspect ratio of steel fibers has little effect.     

Mechanical and elastic behaviour of concretes made of recycled-concrete coarse aggregates

In this paper an investigation of mechanical behaviour and elastic properties of recycled-aggregate concretes is presented. These concretes were prepared by alternatively using two different (coarse and finer coarse) recycled-aggregate fractions both made of recycled concrete coming from a recycling plant in which rubble from demolition is collected and suitably treated. Several concrete mixtures were prepared by using only virgin aggregates (as reference), 30% finer coarse recycled aggregate replacing fine gravel and 30% coarse recycled aggregate replacing gravel. Five different water to cement ratios were adopted as: 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55 and 0.60. Concrete workability was in the slump range of 190–200 mm. Compression tests were carried out after 28 days of wet curing. In addition, concrete elastic modulus and drying shrinkage were evaluated. Results obtained showed that structural concrete up to C32/40 strength class can be manufactured by replacing 30% virgin aggregate with recycled-concrete aggregate. Moreover, a correlation between elastic modulus and compressive strength of recycled-aggregate concrete was found and compared to those reported in the literature. Finally, on the basis of drying shrinkage results, particularly if finer coarse recycled-concrete aggregate is added to the mixture, lower strains could be detected especially for earlier curing time.     

次轻混凝土匀质性影响因素研究

本文提出了用分层度评价次轻混凝土匀质性的方法。并研究了混凝土水胶比、轻集料体积掺量、砂率、轻集料粒径、纤维掺量、硅类掺量、增粘剂掺量对次轻混凝土分层度的影响。研究结果表明,轻集料的粒径是影响次轻混凝土分层度的主要因素,轻集的粒径应控制在4．75mm～9．5mm的范围内,采用低的水胶比并同时掺加适量的硅灰、聚合物纤维和增粘剂可以显著提高轻混凝土的匀质性。采用0．31的水胶比．掺加30％粒径为4．75mm～9．5mm的轻集料、8％的硅灰和0．3％的增粘剂,制备出分层度小于0．1的C50次轻混凝土。     

Effect of coarse aggregate size and cement paste volume on concrete behavior under high triaxial compression loading

When massive concrete structures (high-rise buildings, tunnels, dams, nuclear power plants, bridges, protection structures, …) are subjected to extreme loadings (aircraft shocks, rock falls, near-field detonations, ballistic impacts, …), the material undergoes triaxial compression loading at a high confinement. In order to reproduce high stress levels with well-controlled loading paths, static triaxial tests are carried out on concrete samples by mean of a very high-capacity triaxial press. It is a well-known fact that the cement paste volume and the coarse aggregate size are two important parameters of concrete formulation. This article focuses on identifying the effect of coarse aggregate size and cement paste volume on concrete behavior under high triaxial compression. This article shows that at low confinement, the concrete strength slightly increases as the coarse aggregate size increases. At high confinement, the coarse aggregate size has a slight influence on concrete deviatoric behavior and a significant influence on concrete strain limit-state. The higher the coarse aggregate size, the lower is the mean stress level corresponding to concrete strain limit-state. Furthermore, this article highlights that at low confinement, the concrete strength significantly increases with an increase in cement paste volume. Increasing confinement tends to reduce cement paste volume effect on concrete strength. At high confinement, contrary to what has been observed in unconfined compression, the cement paste volume has little effects on concrete deviatoric behavior. Otherwise, decreasing cement paste volume increases concrete deformation capacity. At very high confinement levels and at very high deviatoric stress levels, the axial tangent stiffness of concrete increases as the coarse aggregate size or the cement paste volume is reduced.     

矿渣集料混凝土耐热性的试验

为综合利用工业废渣,以高炉矿渣为粗细集料配制混凝土,于110℃烘干24 h后,在极限耐热温度分别为300、500、700℃下恒温3 h,研究砂率、粗集料最大粒径、水灰比和水泥用量对矿渣集料混凝土耐热性的影响。结果表明:混凝土在300℃的相对耐压强度大于100%;500℃的相对耐压强度为57%~86%;700℃的相对耐压强度为22%~58%。增大砂率、减小粗集料最大粒径、降低水灰比、减少水泥用量,有利于提高混凝土的耐热性;用矿渣集料完全能配制500℃耐热混凝土。     

Effect of content and particle size distribution of coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete

Coarse aggregate fraction is known to strongly influence both fresh and hardened concrete’s properties. Consequently, selection of both content and particle size distribution (PSD) for concrete mixture is an important issue regarding the predicted performance of concrete. In the present study, and based on previous results obtained, four granular fractions were combined in different proportions in order to investigate the effect of the PSD of aggregate on the properties of concrete. Two types of chemical admixtures, water reducer agent (WRA) and superplasticizer (HRWRA) were used to decrease the water-cement ratio (w/c) which ranges from 0.58 to 0.40. Compressive strength function the PSD of coarse aggregate was determined at 7, 14 and 28 days. Results have revealed that the mixtures without chemical admixture made with a ternary combination of granular fraction and having a maximum size of 25 mm, that assures a continuous granular size distribution, have shown the highest compressive strength. However, decreasing the w/c by the inclusion of WRA or HRWRA requires a decrease of the maximum size of coarse aggregate and some adjustment in the granular size distribution system. The binary granular system has led to the highest compressive strength when dealing with low w/c.     

Influence of parent concrete on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete

This paper discusses first the properties of recycled aggregates derived from parent concrete (PC) of three strengths, each of them made with three maximum sizes of aggregates. The relative physical and mechanical properties of fresh granite aggregate are discussed. Using these nine recycled aggregates, three strengths of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were made and studied. Typical relationship between water–cement ratio, compressive strength, aggregate-cement ratio and cement content have been formulated for RAC and compared with those of PC. RAC requires relatively lower water–cement ratio as compared to PC to achieve a particular compressive strength. The difference in strength between PC and RAC increases with strength of concrete. The relative evaluation of tensile and flexural strengths and modulus of elasticity has also been made.     

早龄期混凝土氯离子扩散试验研究

通过试验研究了养护时间、骨料级配、水灰比、骨料体积含量和最大骨料直径对早龄期混凝土氯离子扩散系数的影响。结果表明,早龄期混凝土氯离子扩散系数随着养护龄期的增大而减小,但随着水灰比的增大而增大;早龄期混凝土氯离子扩散系数随着骨料体积含量和最大骨料粒径的增大而减小;也发现骨料级配对早龄期混凝土氯离子扩散系数有一定的影响。     

Optimization of early flexural strength of pavement concrete with silica fume and fly ash by the Taguchi method

In this study, an attempt has been made to optimize the early flexural strength of concrete pavement (CP) by using the Taguchi Method. The experiments were designed using an orthogonal array technique in L₁₆ array with four factors, namely, the water/cementitious ratio of 0.30, 0.35, 0.40 and 0.45, four different types of gradations with maximum aggregate size of 32?mm, fly ash (FA) 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and silica fume (SF) 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of cement. The response data were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique by the Taguchi method. According to the ANOVA table, water/cementitious ratio and SF content play significant roles for early flexural strength of CP. Moreover, the optimum conditions were found to be 0.35 water/cementitious ratio, gradation with minimum content of fine aggregates, 5% FA content and 0% SF content at 7 days curing. Maximum flexural strength of 5.31?MPa was achieved at the optimum conditions.     

骨料缺陷对再生混凝土力学性能的影响

将2种普通混凝土破碎加工成再生粗骨料(RA),经620℃高温处理,剔除RA上的附着砂浆,得到再生粗骨料H-RA,然后配制再生骨料混凝土(RAC),测定其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和断裂能.结果表明:RAC的力学性能显著下降,这归因于RA破碎加工导致的石子损伤及其表面的附着砂浆;在低水胶比条件下,RA中的石子损伤是导致RAC力学性能下降的主要因素,而在高水胶比条件下,导致RAC力学性能下降的主要因素则是石子表面的附着砂浆;吸水率与断裂能可敏锐反映RA的缺陷特征.     

The effect of the mineralogy of coarse aggregate on the mechanical properties of high-strength concrete

Tests were carried out to study the effect of the mineralogy of coarse aggregate on the compressive, flexural, and splitting strengths. Two aggregate sizes (10 and 20 mm) were supplied locally from five different areas in Oman; namely Muscat, Bidbid, Sur, Nizwa and Sohar. Petrography analysis was carried out on all these samples. The water/binder ratio (w/b) was kept constant at 0.32 and silica fume and superplasticizers were used in all mixes. The 28-days compressive strength varied between 81.3 and 85.6 MPa for the 10 mm maximum aggregate size, and ranged between 72.5 and 77.5 MPa for the 20 mm maximum aggregate size. Therefore, use of smaller maximum aggregate size would give a higher strength and the mineralogy of the coarse aggregate would affect the strength of concrete.     

透水水泥混凝土力学性能和耐久性能研究

阐述了透水性水泥混凝土作为道路面层材料的背景与意义,研究了各种因素(如集料的种类和尺寸、集灰比、水灰比、外加剂等)对透水水泥混凝土的力学性能、透水率与耐久性能的影响.结果表明:集料种类与尺寸、集灰比和水灰比是影响透水水泥混凝土强度及透水率的关键因素.通过合理配制,可以配制出28 d抗压强度达25 MPa以上、耐久性能优良、透水率大于10 mm/s的透水水泥混凝土.     

粗集料对混凝土服役性能的影响

混凝土是由水泥砂浆填充粗集料孔隙形成的密实结构,粗集料构成了混凝土中的强度骨架,粗集料的强度、最大粒径、岩石类型以及在混凝土中的体积分数等都会对混凝土的各项性能产生不同程度的影响.对诸多文献中粗集料对混凝土强度、弹性模量、收缩和渗透性能的影响的研究成果进行了综述,为混凝土配合比的科学设计提供参考.     

Optimisation of using lightweight aggregates in mitigating autogenous deformation of concrete

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of using dispersed saturated lightweight aggregates (LWAs) as water reservoirs in mitigating the autogenous deformation of high performance concrete and to establish the optimum solutions as a combination of a number of factors affecting the fracture and mechanical characteristics of concrete. For this purpose, in concretes prepared with a constant low water to cement ratio, normal aggregates were replaced by natural LWAs with size fractions of 2–4 mm or 4–8 mm at three different volume fractions such as 10%, 20% and 30% of the total aggregate volume of concrete. The results indicate that the inclusion of fine fraction of LWAs in concrete reduces the autogenous deformation significantly compared to that of the coarse fraction. It is also shown that concretes with fine fraction of LWAs have enhanced fracture and mechanical properties compared to those with coarse fraction of LWAs. Increasing the replacement ratio of LWAs mitigates autogenous deformation, while having an unfavourable effect on fracture and mechanical properties of concrete for both size replacements. A multi-objective simultaneous optimisation technique, in which the response surface method (RSM) is incorporated, is used to optimise the mitigation ratio of autogenous deformation and fracture parameters of high strength concretes in an effort to obtain a more ductile concrete with less autogenous deformation.     

Behavior of dam concrete under biaxial compression-tension and triaxial compression-compression-tension stresses

In order to meet the requirement for nonlinear analysis and design of mass concrete structures, the deformation behavior and strength of three-graded concrete specimens 250 mm × 250 mm × 400 mm with a maximum aggregate size of 80 mm and the corresponding wet-screened concrete specimens 150 mm × 150 mm × 300 mm with a maximum aggregate size of 40 mm were studied experimentally. Specimens subjected to biaxial compression-tension (C-T) and triaxial compression-compression-tension (C-C-T) stress states. Test data indicate that both the deformation and strength of the mass concrete specimens are lower than those of the corresponding wetscreened concrete small specimens, but the initial tangent modulus of the stress-strain curve of the former is greater than that of the latter. Test results show that the wetscreened effect and size effect of the specimens under complex stress states are obvious such that these should be considered in the design of mass concrete structures. In addition, respective failure criteria for mass concrete in principal stress space and octahedron stress space are proposed. __________ Translated from China Civil Engineering Journal, 2007, 40(7): 104–110 [译自: 土木工程学报]