高黏高弹改性沥青改性机理及性能研究

采用SBS、增黏剂、橡胶粉、增塑剂和稳定剂对原样沥青进行复合改性,制备高黏高弹改性沥青(HVE-MB),具有技术和经济优势。通过相容性、改性前后化学结构变化和微观分布状态,揭示了HVE-MB的改性机理。通过60℃动力黏度、布氏旋转黏度、弹性恢复、针入度、软化点、延度和DSR等试验对沥青胶结料的黏弹性能、物理性能、流变性能和温度敏感性能进行评价,对HVE-MB技术性能进行了研究。结果表明,改性沥青荧光分布较均匀,可达到较理想的分散效果,高黏高弹改性剂与沥青主要为物理共混,未发生化学变化。改性剂使原样沥青的黏弹性能显著提升,相对于原样沥青,HVE-MB的动力黏度增大250倍以上,弹性恢复率增大2倍以上,软化点和延度均增大,针入度降低。HVE-MB的各项技术指标均满足高黏高弹改性沥青技术要求,可根据使用工况要求合理设计不同黏度量级的HVE-MB。     

高黏改性沥青高温黏弹特性指标区分度分析

为得到能准确区分高黏改性沥青高温性能的评价指标,分别对3种高黏改性沥青(高黏改性剂掺量均为12%)及基质沥青进行滞后环、动态剪切流变(DSR)和软化点等试验,并采用沥青混合料车辙试验进行了验证,基于沥青混合料试验结果对3种高黏改性沥青的高温性能评价指标作了一致性和区分度分析.结果表明:3种高黏改性剂的掺入均可提高基质沥青的黏弹特性和高温性能,但改性效果不同;不同高温评价指标基本能对3种高黏改性沥青的高温性能做出一致性评价,但区分能力不同,其中滞后环试验技术指标和Carreau模型拟合的零剪切黏度(ZSV)值区分度和评价效果最好,而车辙因子和软化点较差.     

高黏SBS改性沥青的流变性能与化学特性

为研究SBS掺量、稳定剂含量和老化对高黏SBS改性沥青流变性能与化学特性的影响,针对SBS掺量和稳定剂含量不同的高黏SBS改性沥青,分别采用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)试验对老化(短期老化和长期老化)前后的改性沥青进行流变性能与化学特性分析.结果 表明:相位角主曲线可以很好地表征高黏SBS改性沥青在老化过程中的流变性能;高黏SBS改性沥青中由于广泛的交联作用,使得SBS中形成了大量共价键,因此即便是长期老化,仍有足够数目的共价键来维持SBS结构的完整性;相比无稳定剂的SBS改性沥青,稳定剂的添加大幅度改善了高黏SBS改性沥青的性能,但在已有稳定剂的基础上再增加稳定剂的含量对其性能的提升有限;SBS掺量高的改性沥青需要更长的搅拌时间,以保证SBS在沥青中发生充分溶胀;稳定剂含量高的改性沥青也需要更长的搅拌时间,使SBS分子之间发生交联作用.     

蒙脱土/SBS复合改性沥青的制备及性能研究

以蒙脱土和SBS为改性材料制备改性沥青,并进行动态剪切流变(DSR)及弯曲梁流变(BBR)等试验。结果表明:SBS能改善基质沥青的高温、低温、抗老化及抗疲劳性能,但对其储存稳定性不利;蒙脱土/SBS复合改性沥青的高温、储存稳定、抗老化和抗疲劳性能均进一步提高,且改性效果随蒙脱土掺量的增加而提高,低温性能则蒙脱土掺量的增加而下降;蒙脱土/SBS复合改性沥青的高温性能对温度的敏感性增强,但耐老化性能对老化时间的敏感性减弱。采用3%蒙脱土+5%SBS制备复合改性沥青时综合性能较好。     

溶解性胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青低温性能评价

采用低温延度试验与弯曲梁流变试验,通过数据回归分析,对溶解性胶粉改性沥青及其与苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)复合的改性沥青低温性能进行评价.结果表明:当用胶粉和SBS对沥青复合改性时,增大胶粉质量分数能有效提升沥青的低温塑性变形能力和低温流变性能,增大SBS质量分数能提升沥青的低温塑性变形能力,但高掺量SBS可能降低沥青低温流变性能;随着胶粉质量分数和SBS质量分数的增大,沥青低温性能提升幅度逐渐降低;当胶粉质量分数为10%且SBS质量分数为2%时,改性剂利用效率最高.     

高模量改性剂的作用机理及应用研究

以70#石油沥青、SBS改性沥青和高模量改性沥青为研究对象,通过流变试验,定量研究了高模量改性剂掺量对沥青黏弹特性的影响,并与SBS改性沥青进行了对比分析,结合荧光显微试验,研究了高模量改性剂的改性机理;基于车辙试验和动态模量试验,分析比较了高模量改性沥青混合料和SBS改性沥青混合料在路用性能方面的差异.结果表明:高模量改性剂在改善基质沥青的高温性能和黏弹性能方面具有良好的效果,其掺量为6.67％时改性效果优于SBS改性沥青;高模量改性剂颗粒可以在沥青中溶胀发育,形成聚合物链接,改善了沥青的黏弹特性;与SBS改性沥青混合料相比,高模量改性沥青混合料的抵御变形能力更好,在高温地区的使用性能优越.     

改性沥青的流变性和储存稳定性研究

以高富AH-50为基质沥青分别制备SBS、胶粉和EVA改性沥青,利用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)分析不同种类改性沥青动态黏弹参数(储存模量G'和损失模量G″)随频率和温度的变化,结合60℃稳态流动试验和Carreau模型表征沥青的流变性能,并用储存稳定指数IS表征不同改性剂与沥青的相容性能。结果表明:试验范围内,随频率的增加G'和G″逐渐变大,相同频率下G'明显小于G″,改性沥青以黏性成分为主,且两者的差值在低频和高温下较大;与基质沥青相比,SBS和胶粉改性沥青的临界剪切速率γc降低幅度远大于EVA改性沥青的γc,SBS和胶粉的掺加使沥青偏离牛顿流体的程度更大,对剪切的敏感性更高;SBS和胶粉与沥青的相容性较差,在相分离时SBS迁移至上段,胶粉迁移至下段,而EVA与沥青的相容性较好,体系不易发生相分离。     

温度扫描下SBS改性沥青动态力学行为分析

采用AR-2000型动态剪切流变仪对不同品牌的成品SBS改性沥青进行动态剪切试验,以获取SBS改性沥青动态力学温度谱,并对SBS改性沥青动态力学机理进行了分析。通过试验发现,在设定剪切频率(10 rad/s)和降温速率(2 min/℃)等试验条件下,不同种类SBS改性沥青在剪切温度为(35±2)℃、储存模量G’为(0.5±0.1)MPa时会出现相态转变,改性沥青由高弹状态转变到黏弹态,其对应的损耗因子tanδ表现为峰值或平台区结束,并且在加载温度约为10℃时,沥青样品开始出现破裂现象。在基质沥青标号相同的情况下,对SBS改性沥青流动转变和高弹态力学响应起主要作用的是SBS改性剂种类、用量及溶胀发育程度,对高弹态向黏弹态转变温度起主要作用的是基质沥青。     

PPA与聚合物复合改性沥青及混合料性能研究

基于针入度体系性能和多应力蠕变恢复试验评价了多聚磷酸(PPA)与聚合物SBS、SBR复合改性沥青的储存稳定性、流变特性和路用性能,经室内试验研究了PPA复合聚合物改性沥青混合料的路用性能及高温和重载作用下的稳定性。结果表明:掺入1.00%～1.25%PPA可显著提高基质沥青和低掺量SBS、SBR改性沥青的高温性能,改善聚合物改性沥青的高温流变性和热存储稳定性;PPA复配SBR改性沥青混合料的低温性能较优;PPA复合SBS改性沥青混合料的水稳定性、抗永久变形性能优于5%SBS改性沥青混合料,对高温地区重载要求的沥青路面,建议采用PPA与SBS复合改性方案。     

高弹高黏沥青作为道路封层的研究和应用

在两港公路(拱极东路—临港X9路)上行道路整治工程施工时,考虑到工期紧,气温低、重车多等因素,决定在4 014 m2的水稳基层上实施高弹高黏沥青封层,高弹高黏沥青封层由大量的细集料、矿料和特殊的高含量、高弹性的聚合物沥青组成,有助于强化沥青对集料的黏结、减小沥青混合料塑性变形,进而提高沥青混合料的高温稳定性、耐疲劳性能和水稳定性等。     

SBS改性沥青热储存及运输过程中的降解研究

通过室内模拟低空气浓度(或相对绝氧)环境下苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青的热降解过程,测试和分析了不同条件下SBS改性沥青的性能.结果表明:在热降解过程中,SBS改性沥青低温抗裂能力随时间的延长或温度的升高而逐渐降低;与低空气浓度下热降解对SBS改性沥青微观结构的影响相比,SBS改性沥青在高空气浓度下热降解过程中有更高的羰基和更低丁二烯含量.在生产、储存和运输SBS改性沥青时,需要充分考虑时间、温度以及空气浓度对其性能的影响.     

老化作用下沥青混合料的疲劳及自愈合性能

通过四点弯曲疲劳试验,分析了老化作用下苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青混合料和基质沥青混合料的疲劳及自愈合性能.结果表明:老化作用显著削弱了沥青混合料的抗疲劳性能,SBS改性沥青混合料的抗疲劳性能优于基质沥青混合料;老化程度和损伤程度对沥青混合料的自愈合能力影响最为显著;适当延长愈合时间和适宜的愈合温度可以提高沥青混合料的愈合率,但老化程度和损伤程度会削弱其自愈合能力;未老化条件下,基质沥青混合料的自愈合能力大于SBS改性沥青混合料,而老化条件下SBS改性沥青混合料表现出较强的自愈合能力.因此选用SBS改性沥青混合料作为路面材料可以提高沥青路面的抗疲劳及自愈合性能.     

Storage stability and compatibility of asphalt binder modified by SBS graft copolymer

The performance of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer modified asphalt binder at high temperature can be improved significantly with the addition of SBS-g-M grafted with vinyl monomer under γ-rays irradiation. The dynamic mechanical properties of SBS modify asphalts binder before and after graft has been characterized by use of dynamic shear rheometer. It has been found that the added content of SBS-g-M has great effect on the rheological properties of the binder and its high temperature performance was improved while its temperature susceptibility was reduced in compare with SBS modified asphalts binder. It also has been confirmed that the morphology observed by fluorescence microscopy revealed the compatibility between SBS-g-M and asphalt and the storage stability of binder was improved significantly compared with SBS modified asphalt binder. As a consequence, the use of SBS grafted with polar monomer can be considered a suitable alternative for modification of binder in pavement.     

沥青混合料损伤愈合性能的多尺度评价

采用宏观与细观相结合的方法评价了沥青混合料的损伤愈合性能,以半圆弯拉试验为基础,同时使用数字散斑相关法(DSCM)研究了老化程度、损伤度、愈合时间和愈合温度对沥青混合料损伤愈合性能的影响.结果表明:宏观与细观指标的变化规律表现出相似特征;随着老化程度的加深,苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青混合料的损伤愈合性能逐渐变差,基质沥青混合料损伤愈合性能变化不明显,长期热老化后沥青混合料的愈合率与经过紫外复合老化后的沥青混合料接近;随着损伤度的加深,基质沥青混合料与SBS改性沥青混合料的损伤愈合性能明显降低,基质沥青混合料的损伤愈合性能优于SBS改性沥青混合料,SBS改性沥青混合料的损伤愈合性能受损伤度的影响更显著;愈合温度越高,愈合时间越长,沥青混合料的损伤愈合性能越好.     

Laboratory comparison of the crumb-rubber and SBS modified bitumen and hot mix asphalt

The use of crumb rubber (CR) recycled from waste tires using an ambient grinding process was evaluated at two stages in asphalt formulation. First, bitumen modified with crumb rubber was evaluated by rotational viscometery (RV), dynamic shear rheometry (DSR) and conventional binder tests. Hot asphalt mixtures including crumb-rubber-modified bitumen were then evaluated by determining the permanent and fatigue characteristics and stiffness moduli of control and modified mixtures. The properties of the crumb-rubber-modified bitumen and asphalt mixtures were compared to different contents of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified-bitumen and asphalt mixtures. The tests showed that to achieve the same performance, as with SBS-modification, the CR-content must be used at much higher than SBS. 8%-CR modification was determined as the most suitable content according to both binder and mixture tests.     

Effects of thermal oxidative ageing on dynamic viscosity,TG/DTG,DTA and FTIR of SBS- and SBS/sulfur-modified asphalts

Thermal oxidative ageing as an inevitable process in the practical application of road asphalt has a great effect on the properties of polymer-modified asphalts (PMAs). In this article, the influences of short-term and long-term thermal oxidative ageing on the dynamic viscosity, thermal stabilities, and infrared spectra of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)- and storage-stable SBS/sulfur-modified asphalts were studied respectively. Although the addition of sulfur improved the dynamic viscosity and the thermal stability of SBS-modified asphalt significantly due to the formation of a chemically crosslinked polymer network structure, the improved properties declined evidently after ageing and the losses of properties became very severe with the ageing aggravated and the binder with sulfur showed a visible viscous behaviour compare with the corresponding binder without sulfur after ageing due to the severe degradation of vulcanized SBS, therefore SBS/sulfur-modified asphalt was more susceptible to ageing. Besides, the SBS structure also had a great effect on the properties of binders before and after ageing. In infrared spectra analysis, the structural evolutions of binder under different ageing modes were characterized by using right ageing index and the conclusions of thermal analysis and dynamic viscosity tests were confirmed further by the changes of butadiene and carbonyl indexes.     

A model for dynamic creep evaluation of SBS modified HMA mixtures

The specimens, according to the Marshall Stability testing procedure, of hot mix asphalt (HMA) containing bitumen modified with styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) have been constructed in the laboratory and tested under dynamic loading for permanent deformation using Suleyman Demirel University Asphalt Tester equipment (SDU-Asphalt Tester). Analysis of data shows that the permanent deformation of the samples may be modeled in terms of the specimen’s characteristics in a very satisfactory manner. Benefits of adding styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) in variant quantities and in variant types of additive to asphalt cement (AC-60/70) were investigated. Initial research was done to determine the physical properties of asphalt cement and modifiers. Fifteen asphalt binder recipes were prepared with two types of gradation, six different contents of bitumen, four different contents of polymer, three different types of polymer. After that, Marshall samples were prepared by using the modified and unmodified control asphalt binders. The results of investigation indicate that asphalt mixtures modified by any SBS additive gives the best permanent deformation resistance in the tests carried out in this study, so that, this modification increases physical and mechanical properties of asphalt binder. In this study, total deformation of each sample was calculated using a newly developed equation containing variables of mixture characteristics. In addition to these, to develop a model that could fit the creep curve a new logarithmic model derived from first 100 preconditioning loading was developed instead of power law function model for first stage of permanent deformation curves.     

Micro-structural and rheological characteristics of SBS-asphalt blends during their manufacturing

Two styrene–butadiene–styrene block (SBS) copolymers which differ in weight average molecular weight and two base asphalts (from local crude source, Argentina) had been blended under different experimental conditions. Rotational viscosity, fluorescence microscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and FT-IR spectrometry were used in order to study the rheological and morphological changes of the blends during their manufacturing. Our results show that the high shear rate and temperature used during this procedure induce the SBS copolymer degradation and the degradation fragments distribution into maltenic asphalt phase. These events are responsible for the observed changes. The optimal time which produces the best rheological properties of modified asphalt depends on the blend composition and on the shear rate used.     

The effects of using lime and styrene–butadiene–styrene on moisture sensitivity resistance of hot mix asphalt

This study focuses on determining the effects of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and using mineral filler with lime on various properties of hot mix asphalt especially moisture damage resistance. The asphalt cement was modified with 2%, 4% and 6% SBS. The lime treated mixtures containing 2% lime by weight of the total aggregate as filler. The physical and mechanical properties of polymer modified binder and binder–aggregate mixes were evaluated through their fundamental engineering properties such as dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), rotational viscosimeter (RV) for binders, Marshall stability, stiffness modulus, indirect tensile strength and moisture susceptibility for mixes. The retained Marshall stability (RMS) and tensile strength ratio (TSR) values were calculated to determine the resistance of mixtures to moisture damage. To investigate clearly the effective of SBS and lime seven freeze–thaw cycle was applied to specimens at TSR test. The results indicate that application of SBS modified binders and lime as mineral filler one by one improves the stability, stiffness and strength characteristic of hot mix asphalt. According to retained Marshall stability it is concluded that addition of only 2% lime have approximately same effect with addition of 6% SBS. Using lime together within the SBS modified mixes exhibit high accordance and exacerbates the improvement of properties. Specimens containing both 2% lime and 6% SBS, have the highest stiffness modulus which is 2.3 times higher than those of the control mixture and showed the least reduction in tensile strength ratio while maintaining 0.70 tensile strength ratio after seven freeze–thaw cycle.