非经营性项目代建制试点的对比研究

通过借鉴各地政府投资工程项目"代建制"试点的成功经验,对各地"代建制"模式的进行比较分析,从政府投资工程"投、建、管、用"职能分离的建设管理体制改革的角度,研究了"代建制"的一般模式和发展趋势。     

代建制"福田模式"的改进及借鉴意义

代建制在政府非经营性投资工程领域中占有重要地位,但实践中,由于种种制度上的约束,代建制的优势并没有得到充分的发挥。本文以深圳市福田区代建制为研究对象,分析福田区原有代建制的症结问题,并通过对比原有福田代建制度与改革后的代建制"福田模式",从代建模式选择、采购方式、合同管理、回避制度、资金管理、风险规避等方面对代建制"福田模式"的改革措施进行了分析,并对国内代建制度改革提出一些建议。     

基于可视化软件CiteSpace的农民工市民化中文化自觉与文化适应性的研究

运用文献计量的方法对"文化自觉与文化适应性"的国内研究现状进行文献研究,并运用可视化软件Cite Space进行关键词、作者、科研院所的可视化图谱的绘制,直观形象地展示"文化自觉与文化适应性"的研究现状、特点和特征。     

政府投资项目代建管理模式与风险分析

基于全国各地政府投资项目大力推行"代建制"的背景,研究了政府投资项目代建管理模式下的政府相关部门的角色、代建单位的职责等,并结合"委托-代理"理论研究了代建制模式下的风险,提出相应的对策,包括完善市场准入机制和诚信机制,推进代建制运作中的专业化、职业化、社会化和市场化,以及建立代建制模式的风险管理制度.     

政府投资工程实施方式的代建制改革研究

随着社会的发展,科技的进步,我国加快推行"代建制"成为政府投资工程实施的方式。政府采用"代建制"的投资工程方式能够提升和加强政府投资工程的管理水平,保证政府投资的使用效益。本文针对"代建制"在改革实践引发争论的基础之上将分权论和授权论两种不同的代建制理论进行了讨论。根据政府投资工程传统实施方式的问题进行分析,阐述了传统实施方式的改革实际上是解决专业化和多重委托代理这两大困难。基于此,以下针对我国上海、北京、深圳、厦门改革实例做出了评论分析,通过分析工程总承包项目管理和代建制之间的相同和不同之处。以国际建筑市场的视角出发,对我国代建制进行深入的研究。     

浅谈现代项目代建制发展过程中存在的问题及对策

目前,国家希望通过项目代建制方式,来解决其出资项目存在的"工期马拉松、投资无底洞、质量无保障"问题,真正使代建制发挥作用,本文对我国代建制的发展过程中主要存在的问题进行了阐述,并提出了建立与完善代建制管理模式的具体对策.     

浅谈政府投资代建项目的投资控制

随着建设体制改革的深入,政府投资建设项目中实行代建制已经越来越普遍,克服传统体制中的"三超"现象成为代建制体制改革的目标之一。本文在对政府投资代建的投资控制进行研究的基础上,就项目策划与决策阶段、设计阶段和实施阶段的具体投资控制总结归纳可行方法。     

政府投资项目代建制与相关法规体系协调的研究

在政府投资项目中推行代建制的关键之一是确保代建单位的建设期项目法人地位。然而现有法定建设程序默认"使用单位就是项目法人",这阻碍了代建单位获得充分的授权,影响了代建制的实施效果。此外,代建制的概念、适用范围、资金拨付程序等内容也急需在相关法规中予以明确。本文对如何完善政府投资法规体系、修订相关法律法规、参考相关法规完善代建制实施细则、颁布中央投资项目代建制管理办法四个问题进行了研究,提出了相应的立法建议,以供构建与代建制实施相协调的法规体系参考。     

现行政府投资项目代建制的存在问题与解题思考

政府投资项目是推进国民经济发展的主要动力,关系到人民的切身利益。其管理模式一直难以适应政府投资项目的发展,代建制是解决这一问题的有效途径。近年来,我国在政府投资项目中推行代建制尝试中,也暴露出工程界面划分、法律、酬金、市场等方面的困难和问题。针对代建制实施过程中存在的问题作出初步的研究,从明确工程界面划分、相关法律法规建设、调整代建收费标准和市场培育等四个方面提出了建立与完善政府投资项目"代建制"建设管理模式改革的具体对策。     

代建制项目管理模式在我国应用试点分析

对深圳、上海、重庆代建制试点模式进行了归纳,研究了它们的特点和具体管理方法,分析它们在代建项目的范围、行政主管部门和监管、项目管理企业的资质等方面的不同之处,以便于今后"代建制"在我国的推广应用.     

Megaprojects as complex adaptive systems: The Hinkley point C case

Megaprojects are complex projects which impact millions of people, involve public and private stakeholders, and present challenges related to decision making and performance shortfalls. They are relevant cases for studying faulty management thinking as well as performance evolutions and self-organizing dynamics. Our paper builds on the theory of Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) to understand and model processes of evolution in the Hinkley Point C nuclear power plant megaproject. The results show that CAS properties apply to megaproject changes and provide a theoretical and practical framework for examining and modeling megaproject management dynamics. We designed a research methodology combining content analysis and historical research for its relevance in conducting organizational research in conditions of complexity and non-linearity. This original research design makes it possible to conduct causal analyses of relations between key megaproject events and thus build models of evolution dynamics in stakeholder success expectations, change mechanisms in the implementation of project outputs, and self-organizing patterns.     

污泥驯化阶段MBR与CAS工艺特性比较

在接种污泥、进水水质、反应器尺寸及水力停留时间相同的条件下，比较了膜生物反应器（MBR）和传统活性污泥工艺（CAS）在污泥驯化期的除污效果和污泥特性。结果表明，MBR对COD的去除效果优于CAS的，两工艺对氨氮的去除效果差异不大；MBR中的污泥絮体较CAS中的分散，原生动物和后生动物的种类也较少；MBR中的污泥浓度远高于CAS工艺的，其污泥的体积平均粒径小于CAS的；两反应器中的活性污泥均表现出了较好的沉降性能。     

Temporal boundary objects in megaprojects: Mapping the system with the Integrated Master Schedule

Recently, a stream of project management research has recognized the critical role of boundary objects in the organization of projects. In this paper, we investigate how one advanced scheduling tool, the Integrated Master Schedule (IMS), is used as a temporal boundary object at various stages of complex projects. The IMS is critical to megaprojects which typically span long periods of time and face a high degree of complexity and uncertainty. In this paper, we conceptualize projects of this type as complex adaptive systems (CAS). We report the findings of four case projects on how the IMS mapped interactions, interdependencies, constraints, and fractal patterns of these emerging projects, and how the process of IMS visualization enabled communication and negotiation of project realities. This paper highlights that this advanced timeline tool acts as a boundary object and elicits shared understanding of complex projects from their stakeholders.     

《建造合同》准则的国际趋同与比较

阐述了《企业会计准则第15号-建造合同》在合同分立、合同收入和合同费用的确认、信息披露等方面的改进,揭示其与IAS11存在的主要差异,指出新准则实施对企业财务状况和经营成果的影响,并且剖析了新准则存在的不足。     

Membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment - a viable option to reduce the amount of polar pollutants discharged into surface waters?

The potential of a lab-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) to remove polar pollutants from municipal wastewater was studied for industrial and household chemicals over a period of 22 months parallel to a conventional activated sludge (CAS) treatment. For half of the compounds, such as benzotriazole, 5-tolyltriazole (5-TTri), benzothiazole-2-sulfonate and 1,6-naphthalene disulfonate (1,6-NDSA), removal by MBR was significantly better than in CAS, while no improvement was recorded for the other half (1,5-NDSA, 1,3-NDSA, 4-TTri and naphthalene-1-sulfonate). The influence of operational conditions on trace pollutant removal by MBR was studied but no significant effects were found for variation of hydraulic retention time (7h-14h) and sludge retention time (26d-102d), suggesting that the lowest values selected have already been high enough for good removal. It is shown that the seemingly inconsistent results reported here and in previous studies regarding the comparison of trace pollutant removal in MBR and CAS are highly consistent. MBR is neither superior for well degradable compounds that are already extensively degraded in CAS treatment nor for recalcitrant compounds that are not amenable to biodegradation. For most compounds of intermediate removal in CAS treatment (15-80%), among them pharmaceuticals, personal care products and industrial chemicals, the MBR is clearly superior and reduces the effluent concentration by 20-50%. Despite of this clear benefit of MBR, the effect is not pronounced enough to serve as a sole argument for employing MBR in municipal wastewater treatment.     

Characterization and treatability of aerobic bacterial thermophilically treated wastewater by a conventional activated sludge and granular activated carbon

An industrial wastewater that was pretreated by an aerobic thermophilic bacterial consortium (THE) was subjected to additional treatability studies by granular activated carbon (GAC) and a conventional activated sludge (CAS). The removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in both systems was generally found to be similar. While GAC was able to attain better effluent concentrations of toluene and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), the CAS was much more efficient at removing acetone. Furthermore, unlike the GAC, the performance of the CAS was not influenced by the high degree of variability in the influent wastewater. Characterization of the influent thermophilic wastewater using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was performed to quantify the micropollutants as well as to evaluate removal efficiencies from the GAC and CAS systems.     

G-BAF和CAS处理微污染河水的对比研究

通过对比固定化曝气生物滤池(G-BAF)与活性污泥法(CAS)两种工艺处理微污染河水的效果,揭示了G-BAF工艺治理微污染水体的优势。结果表明,试验后期,G-BAF对浊度、COD、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别达到90.0%、50.1%、93.5%和51.1%,均比CAS高出40%以上。G-BAF处理后出水中的有机物以羧酸和酮类物质为主,而CAS处理后出水中仍含有较多的难降解物质。G-BAF的载体表面附着有大量的细菌以及多种形态的原、后生动物,增强了对氮、磷及难降解有机物的去除能力。     

略论智能建筑的系统结构—智能建筑学术讨论系统文章之一

从系统集成的角度讨论了智能建筑的 系统结构。同时，对系统集成所涉及的计算机局域网、结构化综合布线以及CA、BA、OA系统的主要内容 及其发展作了简要的介绍与探讨。     

基于 CAS 理论的建设工程项目冲突管理策略研究

为探究系统科学在建设工程项目组织间冲突管理中的应用,提升建设项目冲突管理水平,在阐述 CAS 理论相关概念基础上,基于复杂适应系统理论（CAS）分析了建设工程项目组织间冲突管理的复杂性以及冲突管理主体适应性与适应性行为,对建设工程项目冲突管理进行了深入解读。结果显示建设工程项目冲突管理满足 CAS 理论的基本要求,具有多样性、自适应性、自组织性等 CAS 的众多特性,因此可以将建设工程项目冲突管理系统视为一个复杂适应系统。并基于 CAS 理论,提出优化冲突管理主体、建立基于法约尔桥的冲突管理系统、完善冲突管理系统的建设工程项目冲突管理策略,以期为建设工程项目冲突管理提供有益借鉴。     

Consequences of mass transfer effects on the inetics of nitrifiers

The influence of membrane separation and mass transfer effects on the kinetics of nitrifiers was evaluated by running a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a conventional activated sludge (CAS) plant in parallel. Both pilot plants were operated at the same sludge age and treated the same domestic wastewater. The half-saturation constants for the substrate were low in both MBR and CAS and did not differ significantly between the two processes (K(NH(4))) and 0.14+/-0.10 g(N)m(-3) and (K(NO(2))) and 0.28+/-0.20 g(N)m(-3) for the MBR and CAS, respectively). However, the half-saturation constants for oxygen exhibited a major difference between the two processes for both the ammonia-oxidizing (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing (NOB) bacteria. The experiments yielded K(O,AOB)=0.18+/-0.04 and 0.79+/-0.08 g(O2) as well as K(O,NOB)=0.13+/-0.06 and 0.47+/-0.04 g(O2) m(-3) (substrate only NO(2)) for the MBR and CAS, respectively. The higher K(0) values of the CAS were attributed to mass transfer effects within the large flocs prevailing in the conventional system. In contrast, the sludge from the MBR consisted of very small flocs for which the diffusion resistance can be neglected. On the basis of these results, the implementation of mass transfer effects in activated sludge models is discussed and consequences for the operation of MBRs are highlighted.