空调建筑门窗节能设计的探讨

本文分析了南方地区建筑外窗窗墙比、保温（隔热）和空气渗透性能对空调冷负荷的影响，提出在空调建筑设计中选择外窗应考虑的问题，对在南方地区推广应用塑料窗发表了看法。     

广州地区办公楼建筑窗户节能研究

本文利用调研测试结果,设计出广州地区典型的办公楼建筑模型及其通风空调方案,针对目前常用的24种窗户节能方案,利用美国能源部开发的DOE-2软件对各方案进行建筑物全年的能耗计算.对比分析各方案的计算结果,定量分析了不同窗户节能措施对建筑能耗的影响.结合办公楼建筑的特点,提出了广州地区该类建筑在外窗热工性能、外窗遮阳方式以及窗墙比取值等方面的具体建议.     

五种气候区条件下建筑窗墙比对建筑能耗影响的参数研究

窗墙比是建筑设计重要的考虑因素,它不仅影响建筑外观,也影响建筑的能耗。本文在我国五种典型气候区条件下进行办公建筑窗墙比在不同建筑因素条件的参数研究。具体做法是用Energy Plus软件对各气候区不同窗墙比的标准办公建筑单元在不同建筑朝向和建筑进深条件下的照明能耗、制冷能耗、采暖能耗以及综合能耗进行模拟,分析探讨窗墙比在多参数综合影响下对办公建筑能耗的影响规律。本研究结论可以为建筑师提供简明扼要的窗墙比设计策略和数据参考。     

夏热冬冷地区不同窗墙比对公共建筑的能耗影响分析

以江苏省昆山市某办公楼为研究对象,采用De ST-c软件建立建筑模型,通过分析东、南、西、北向窗墙比从0.1~0.7对建筑供暖能耗、空调能耗及全年能耗的变化关系。结果表明:南向及西向窗墙比变化对建筑能耗的影响较大,东向和北向窗墙比变化对建筑能耗的影响相对较小,对夏热冬冷地区的建筑设计具有一定的指导作用。     

谈节能设计中各种系数的重要性

针对建筑节能的重要性,从建筑方案创作阶段涉及的体型系数、平面利用系数、窗墙比等数字参数几方面进行了探讨,提出了在建筑设计和审批中应尽量避免体型系数和窗墙比过大,提高平面利用系数的建议,从而促进建筑节能的发展。     

北京地区窗墙比和遮阳对住宅建筑能耗的影响

以北京地区实际住宅建筑为研究对象,研究窗墙比和遮阳对住宅建筑能耗的影响。通过建筑能耗模拟软件DeST-h对住宅能耗的模拟,得到了各朝向房间的建筑负荷指标随窗墙比的变化规律,用多项式拟合得到建筑总能耗与窗墙比的回归方程,分析了适当采用遮阳对降低住宅能耗的作用。由结果分析出南向无遮阳时最合适的窗墙比为0.4,有遮阳时最合适的窗墙比为0.55;东、西、北方向采用较小的窗墙比有利于建筑节能。     

浅谈建筑节能窗的设计措施

窗开窗闭是建筑蓄能和泄能的主要方面.从建筑节能原则出发,控制窗墙比,提高窗的热工性能、气密性能及构造措施,是建筑设计的主要任务.     

北方地区窗墙比对供暖能耗的影响

文章以北京地区某办公建筑为研究对象,分析了各朝向窗墙比对供暖能耗的影响。在三种典型外窗条件下,得到了窗墙比与供暖能耗的关系曲线和回归方程。结果显示,采用传热系数小的外窗时,增加南向窗墙比有利于节能,且东、西向窗墙比对供暖能耗影响不大,北向应尽量采用较小窗墙比。     

某办公楼能耗影响因素分析及改进措施

本文通过某办公楼建筑能耗实际调查,以及对该建筑的窗墙比和窗璃系统传热系数进行分析,发现其窗墙比和窗玻系统传热系数均不符合建筑节能规范要求,而窗墙比和窗玻传热系数事建筑节能设计的两个重要参数,对此本文提出了解决此类问题的办法,对新建公共建筑节能设计具有参考意义。     

某办公楼能耗影响因素分析及改进措施

本文通过某办公楼建筑能耗实际调查,以及对该建筑的窗墙比和窗璃系统传热系数进行分析,发现其窗墙比和窗玻系统传热系数均不符合建筑节能规范要求,而窗墙比和窗玻传热系数事建筑节能设计的两个重要参数,对此本文提出了解决此类问题的办法,对新建公共建筑节能设计具有参考意义。     

浅谈门窗玻璃垫块的安装方法

本文简要介绍了门窗玻璃垫块在门窗组装中的作用及安装方法，避免因为玻璃重量分布不均而造成“掉角”等现象。     

Thermal convection in double glazed windows with structured gap

Convective heat transfer inside the gap of double glazed windows is studied numerically using a commercial CFD code (Fluent v6.3), for different Rayleigh numbers and aspect ratios. A reference window with empty gap is compared with windows where the gap contains fins arranged in such a way as to reduce heat transfer. The effects of convective air flow inside the cavities were estimated both at the onset of convection and at steady-state in real environmental conditions. The global Nusselt numbers were calculated for different configurations of the fins in the window gap, in order to apply the standard heat loss estimation method to this type of windows.     

Application of advanced glazing to high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong

The energy saving that can be achieved by applying advanced glazing to a typical high-rise residential building in Hong Kong was evaluated using the simulation software EnergyPlus. It was found that application of low-e glazing would lead to a reduction in cooling electricity use by up to 4.2%. The saving due to application of low-e reversible glazing would be up to 1.9%; double-clear glazing up to 3.7%; and clear plus low-e glazing up to 6.6%. The achievable saving would depend on orientation of building wings, and type and location of rooms. The analysis suggests that for the high-rise public housing blocks in Hong Kong, the use of expensive advanced glazing would not be economically viable from the point of view of saving in cooling energy cost.     

500kV户外耐污型棒形瓷绝缘子上釉上砂工艺改进

对500kV户外耐污棒形瓷绝缘子主体杆径开裂现象进行了分析,认为采用卧式淋釉法上釉上砂工艺,坯体受力复杂,对坯体的破坏较严重。采用悬挂式喷釉法上釉上砂工艺,制定了各项工艺参数,釉浆水分控制在30%～35%,坯体转速应为60r/min～80r/min,釉浆温度在60℃～90℃,坯体温度在40℃～60℃,釉层厚度为0.3 mm～0.5 mm,釉浆压力为0.3MPa～0.5MPa。消除了500kV户外耐污型棒形操作瓷绝缘子主体杆径开裂现象。     

Code compliance of fully glazed tall office buildings in hot climate

In this research, the effect of glazing type and other energy conservation measures on the peak power demand of air-conditioning (AC) systems is investigated for tall and fully glazed government and private office buildings. The EnergyPlus building simulation program is used in the analysis assuming climate conditions similar to that experienced in hot countries of the Arabian Gulf, such as Kuwait. The main objective of the investigation is to meet the limits stipulated in the mandatory Kuwaiti code of practice for energy conservation, with respect to peak AC demand, for both air-cooled and water-cooled AC systems. It is found that for government office buildings with air-cooled AC system, the code limit of 70 W/m² for the AC peak power is met when tint low-e glazing is used with either heat recovery units or with AC systems with higher coefficient of performance (COP); whereas for private office buildings, the limit can be met when using a number of conservation measures. Overall, the water-cooled AC system showed better performance even though the code limit is 50 W/m² which is mainly due to the higher COP values achievable with such AC systems.     

真空玻璃应用于采光顶的结构研究

真空玻璃采光顶有隔热保温、防结露、隔声效果好等优势,探讨适合于采光顶的复合真空玻璃结构具有重要意义。主要针对中空+真空+夹胶4片结构的采光顶玻璃,将其中空外片分别采用白玻、颜色玻璃和Low-E玻璃,并分别测试玻璃内侧、外侧和中部的温度,并测试应用过程中的挠度,最终给出采光顶结构的建议。     

Comparing the energy performance of an electrochromic window under various control strategies

Electrochromic glazing can involve substantial energy consumption in the building sector with their optical properties driven either by various occupant needs or environmental conditions. This paper presents comparison of ten different control strategies developed for such a glazing system in terms of specific energy consumption of a PASSYS test cell where the glazing was installed. The control strategies include scheduled ON–OFF controllers, a PID and advanced fuzzy controllers which were developed using experimental data. We used energy simulation to analyse the annual heating, cooling and lighting demands investigating the influence of each control strategy to the thermal behaviour of the building.     

建筑外窗对室内环境影响分析

窗从它的产生到发展以及现状无不与自然环境息息相关.窗户担负着室内与室外,既沟通又分隔的多重作用.人们需要通过窗户获得阳光和新鲜空气,观赏室外景色,还要求它起到保温、隔热、遮阳、抗风雨、阻挡噪声等作用.生态观念成为建筑设计的重要准则,因此生态设计在窗的设计中的广泛应用将成为窗户发展的必然趋势.由于窗户本身具有多重特性,其设计也成为最复杂的设计环节.在国内外研究成果的基础上,从热、声、光不同角度分析了玻璃窗对整个室内环境的影响,并提出改进措施.     

江苏信息大厦玻璃幕墙索支承体系静动力性能分析

点支式玻璃幕墙鱼腹式索桁架结构由于其轻盈、通透的特点得到了广泛的应用,其一般都是对称支承布置,当结构由对称支承变为非对称支承时,由于其抵抗不对称变形的能力较弱,结构的力学性能会发生较大的改变,需要作进一步的探讨。为此结合江苏信息大厦玻璃幕墙鱼腹式索桁架工程,采用了模型试验和理论分析的方法,对该鱼腹式索桁架结构在非对称支承条件下静动力性能进行了研究,并得到可供设计参考的风振系数建议值。