Severe idiopathic generalized epilepsy of infancy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures

The application of positional cloning to the study of families with inherited renal neoplasms has allowed the identification of genes which are also important in the pathogenesis of sporadic tumors and has advanced the understanding of the mechanisms underlying renal carcinogenesis. This review provides a discussion of these mechanisms as well as the diagnosis and management of the inherited renal neoplasms.     

Native Chemical Ligation Directed by Photocleavable Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Templates

A novel peptide–peptide ligation strategy is introduced that has the potential to provide peptide libraries of linearly or branched coupled fragments and will be suited to introduce simultaneous protein modifications at different ligation sites. Ligation is assisted by templating peptide nucleic acid (PNA) strands, and therefore, ligation specificity is solely encoded by the PNA sequence. PNA templating, in general, allows for various kinds of covalent ligation reactions. As a proof of principle, a native chemical ligation strategy was elaborated. This PNA‐templated ligation includes easy on‐resin procedures to couple linkers and PNA to the respective peptides, and a traceless photocleavage of the linker/PNA oligomer after the ligation step. A 4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrobenzaldehyde‐based linker that allowed the photocleavable linkage of two bio‐oligomers was developed.     

Material Forces in Non-Classical Thermo-Hyperelasticity

The contribution's main objective is the treatment of non-classical nonlinear thermoelasticity based on the approach of Green and Naghdi within the context of the material force method. Material forces have proven to be well suited for the examination of defect mechanics and have become a very powerful and active research topic over the last decades. The numerical realization is based on finite elements in space as well as in time. Examples of investigating material forces within Green–Naghdi thermoelasticity are provided.     

An extended crystal plasticity model for latent hardening in polycrystals

In this contribution, a computational approach to modeling size-dependent self- and latent hardening in polycrystals is presented. Latent hardening is the hardening of inactive slip systems due to active slip systems. We focus attention on the investigation of glide system interaction, latent hardening and excess dislocation development. In particular, latent hardening results in a transition to patchy slip as a first indication and expression of the development of dislocation microstructures. To this end, following Nye (Acta Metall 1:153–162, 1953), Kondo (in Proceedings of the second Japan national congress for applied mechanics. Science Council of Japan, Tokyo, pp. 41–47, 1953), and many others, local deformation incompatibility in the material is adopted as a measure of the density of geometrically necessary dislocations. Their development results in additional energy being stored in the material, leading to additional kinematic-like hardening effects. A large-deformation model for latent hardening is introduced. This approach is based on direct exploitation of the dissipation principle to derive all field relations and (sufficient) forms of the constitutive relations as based on the free energy density and dissipation potential. The numerical implementation is done via a dual-mixed finite element method. A numerical example for polycrystals is presented.     

Electrothermal Cutting Processes Using a CO2 Laser

The application of lasers to industrial electrothermal processes is discussed together with the factors affecting the choice of laser. The use of gas jet assistance in cutting applications is described, and the influence of gas jet assistance on the cutting rate and cut quality for metals and nonmetals is shown.     

Phenomenological modeling of anisotropy induced by evolution of the dislocation structure on the macroscopic and microscopic scale

This work focuses on the modeling of the evolution of anisotropy induced by the development of the dislocation microstructure. A model formulated at the engineering scale in the context of classical metal plasticity and a model formulated in the context of crystal plasticity are presented. Images obtained by transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) show the influence of the strain path on the evolution of anisotropy for the case of two common materials used in sheet metal forming, DC06 and AA6016-T4. Both models are capable of accounting for the transient behavior observed after changes in loading path for fcc and bcc metals. The evolution of the internal variables of the models is correlated with the evolution of the dislocation structure observed by TEM investigations.     

Designing and evaluating a crew resource management training for manufacturing industries

This article presents the evaluation of crew resource management (CRM) training specifically designed for employees within manufacturing industries. The central objective of this training program was to improve teamwork, communication, and stress management skills as well as to increase the workers' situational awareness of potential errors that can occur during the manufacturing process. Eighty employees, all of whom were working in a production unit for gearbox manufacturing, participated in the training program in this study. Effectiveness of the CRM training course was evaluated. The results showed a significant improvement in a wide range of CRM‐relevant categories, especially in teamwork‐related skills, in addition to an increase in the workers' situational awareness after the training program. When comparing the data regarding human error occurring in gear production that were derived from the trained group and a control group, mixed results were produced. Based on the results, it can be stated that CRM training, which was originally developed for the aviation industry, can be transferred to the manufacturing industry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.