污泥处理技术的新进展

介绍了污泥制油、熔化、制陶瓷、制造活性炭、湿式氧化和超临界水氧化(SCWO)等新兴污泥处理技术,并分析了各自的优缺点,阐述了这些技术在污泥处理中的进展状况和应用前景。指出资源化利用和能源回收应该是今后污泥处置的方向,并对SCWO技术在污泥处理中的应用作了重点论述,探讨了类似湿生物质的污泥超临界水资源回收和利用的可行性。     

微波法污泥活性炭的制备技术研究

以城市污水处理厂污泥为原料,考查了固液比、活化剂浓度、浸渍时间和活化时间等因素对氢氧化钾活化-微波加热制备污泥活性炭碘吸附值和产率的影响.在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,获得了此工艺制备污泥活性炭的最佳条件,即:固液比1g:1.5m L,氢氧化钾浓度0.40mol·L-1,浸渍时间24h,活化时间420s.此工艺条件下制备的污泥活性炭碘吸附值为537.63 mg·g-1,比表面积为354 m2·g-1,产率为74.09%,吸附性能和产率均优于传统方法制备的污泥活性炭.     

城市污水处理厂污泥处理新技术(一)

1污泥制活性炭技术 污泥中碳含量较高，具有制备活性炭的客观条件。制备过程首先对污泥进行炭化，然后进行活化，因此主要的研究问题就是污泥的最佳炭化、活化条件以及提高质量、降低成本等。     

投加微粉强化低浓度生活污水活性污泥好氧颗粒化

以教工生活区实际生活污水为底物,考察了分别投加硅藻土和粉末活性炭对活性污泥好氧颗粒化的强化作用。结果表明:硅藻土和粉末活性炭均能有效缩短好氧颗粒污泥形成时间;投加硅藻土、粉末活性炭形成的颗粒污泥外观及内部细菌种类存在明显差别,投加微粉会降低好氧颗粒污泥中微生物种群的多样性,相对于硅藻土粉末活性炭更适于微生物附着生长;未投加微粉和投加硅藻土的反应器处理污水的效果较差;投加粉末活性炭的反应器在快速形成好氧颗粒污泥的同时还能保留更多生物量,对COD、NH_4~+-N的去除率分别为85. 3%和87. 2%。当处理低浓度生活污水时,投加粉末活性炭是促进活性污泥好氧颗粒化的有效策略。     

硫自养反硝化结合生物活性炭处理硝酸盐废水

采用将硫自养反硝化与生物活性炭相结合的方式处理硝酸盐废水.以颗粒活性炭作为硫自养反硝化菌的载体,形成用于处理硝酸盐废水的生物活性炭系统,与不加炭粒的厌氧污泥系统相比,提高了对NO3--N的去除率.在进水NO3--N负荷为0.04～0.08 kg/(m3·d)的条件下,普通厌氧污泥系统对NO3--N的去除率仅为80%左右,而生物活性炭系统的去除率则在90%以上,且该系统在0.96 kg/(m3·d)的负荷下仍能维持90%以上的NO3--N去除率,而没有发生NO3--N的积累.运行177 d后对反应器中的污泥以及颗粒活性炭表面进行了扫描电镜(SEM)观察,发现其中的细菌以杆菌为主,并且活性炭上的菌密度远高于絮状厌氧污泥中的菌密度.     

利用污水污泥制取活性炭的试验研究

本文叙述了利用城市污水处理厂的污泥,制取一种吸附剂——污泥活性炭的研究过程。研究中对不同的制取方法和不同的污泥进行了试验和选择,对污泥活性炭的吸附能力和重金属含量等进行了分析测定。结果发现,在几种污泥和几种制取方法中,以活性污泥为原料、采用化学活化法制取的污泥活性炭的吸附性能最佳,它对碘的吸附量平均为771.3mg/g,比表面积为614m~2/g、总孔容积为0.335mL/g,其中微孔容积占总孔容积的93％;最佳活化条件为活化温度450～650℃、活化剂配比1:10～1:1.8、活化时间60～90min。     

颗粒活性炭加速厌氧反应器污泥颗粒化的研究

为克服厌氧反应器启动慢和启动难的问题,以UASB反应器为代表,向反应器内投加颗粒活性炭以加快厌氧污泥颗粒化进程,并采用扫描电子显微镜观察颗粒污泥的生长情况.结果表明,在试验的第64天即完成了厌氧污泥颗粒化的全部过程,培养出的颗粒污泥具有厌氧颗粒污泥的基本特征和典型的生化特性,并对啤酒废水有很好的处理效果.可见,投加颗粒活性炭可加速厌氧污泥颗粒化进程,并能有效维持厌氧反应器的稳定运行.     

城市污水处理厂污泥制活性炭的研究分析

简述了目前污泥处理的常用方式,从物理化学活化法、微波辐射法、物理活化法、化学活化法四方面,阐述了污泥制备活性炭的方法,并通过试验,介绍了具体的制备工艺,为污泥的合理利用提供了途径。     

活性炭回流强化去除有机物的试验研究

以中置式高密度沉淀池为载体,向池内投加粉末活性炭,利用高密度沉淀池的污泥回流系统对粉末活性炭进行富集和回用,延长其在沉淀池中的停留时间,考察投加粉末活性炭后对有机物的强化去除效果,并进行了投炭量优化研究。结果表明:该投加方式能显著改善对有机物的去除效果,相比不投加炭,对CODMn的去除率提高了近10%。通过增加污泥回流比可减少投炭量,在去除率相同的情况下,污泥回流比为5%时的投炭量较回流比为3%时减少了34%,而较不回流投炭方式减少了77%。对有机物的去除效果是粉末活性炭吸附和生物强化共同作用的结果。     

SBAC/MBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的膜污染特性

将污泥基活性炭(SBAC)与膜生物反应器(MBR)联用对垃圾渗滤液进行处理,既可以降低活性炭的使用成本,同时又实现了污泥基活性炭的应用。采用SBAC/MBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液,并与MBR工艺进行对比,研究了两反应器内污泥混合液中EPS、SMP以及膜表面EPS的含量和组成,分析了其对TMP的影响。在整个运行过程中,SBAC/MBR内污泥混合液中的EPS、SMP以及其中的蛋白质和多糖含量均随运行时间先升高后降低,在一个操作周期内,膜表面EPS及其蛋白质、多糖含量均随运行时间逐渐上升,TMP随运行时间呈先缓慢上升后快速上升的变化规律。SBAC可以有效降低污泥混合液中EPS和SMP的含量和组成比例,改善膜表面泥饼层的性质和结构,减缓膜表面泥饼层的形成和增长以及膜孔内的堵塞现象,从而减轻了膜污染。在一个操作周期内,投加SBAC主要是延长了TMP的缓慢上升阶段,从而使膜组件的清洗周期由17 d延长至21 d。     

微波法制备污泥吸附剂的性能优化研究

通过向污泥中添加吸收微波能的物质实现了微波热解法制备污泥吸附剂,并考察了不同制备条件对污泥吸附剂性能的影响.结果表明,当污泥用量为35 g时,微波法制备污泥吸附剂的最佳务件:微波功率为1.2 kW、辐照时间为10 min、微波能吸收物质的用量为10 g,制得的污泥吸附剂的碘吸附值达585.95 mg/g.采用扫描电镜分析污泥吸附剂的表观结构可知,适宜的微波辐射通过有效热解污泥中的有机质可形成以炭骨架为主体的污泥吸附剂,该吸附剂可有效吸附酸、碱染料,但吸附量与商业活性炭仍存在一定差距.     

Adsorbent obtained from CEPT sludge in wastewater chemically enhanced treatment

Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) in municipal wastewater treatment is particularly suitable for rapidly growing cities. The focus on CEPT process now might be the cost of chemicals and disposal of chemical sludge. In this study, the potential application of adsorbent made from CEPT sludge in CEPT wastewater treatment was investigated in various conditions, such as the adsorbent dosage, pH, and dosing modes of ferric chloride and adsorbent. It was found that sludge-derived adsorbent was a good way of sludge disposal while enhanced pollutants removal rate and reduced the fresh ferric chloride dosage. With the use of 10.0 mg L⁻¹ of ferric chloride and 0.6 g L⁻¹ of the adsorbent at the first stage simultaneously, the enhanced removal efficiencies of turbidity, UV₂₅₄, COD, TP were 83.3%, 52.3%, 48.8% and 89.0%, respectively. The experiments showed that ferric chloride dose was reduced about 50%. The pH played a significant role in coagulation and adsorption process.     

吸附法处理锑污染水的研究进展

介绍了水解性金属混凝剂、无机矿物、活性炭和有机吸附剂对水溶液中锑的吸附性能,通过比较,指出了活性炭和有机吸附剂具有很好的吸附去除和回收水溶液中锑的应用前景,而无机矿物则更适用于控制环境中锑的行为。     

吸附剂Tenax—TA和活性炭对空气中苯的吸附性能比较

分别采用吸附剂为Tenax-TA和活性炭的吸附管模拟现场采集室内环境空气,了解Tenax-TA和活性炭对空气中苯的吸附性能。当Tenax-TA吸附剂以0.5L/min的流量采集10L空气时,苯存在漏出现象。说明空气中苯的采集不宜用Tenax-TA吸附剂替代活性炭吸附剂。     

Mathematical model suggested for a carbon-activated sludge system

Integrated biological systems such as activated sludge-powdered activated carbon [PAC] combinations are used in ever increasing numbers. For conventional activated sludge systems excellent models existed which presumably were also suitable for application to a PAC-fed system. PAC addition enhances bacterial activity, adsorption of dissolved organics and settleability of activated sludge flocs in the final clarifier. Simple laboratory experiments can demonstrate the degree of improvement in a PAC-fed system over the conventional activated sludge one. When using the present model the evaluation of several kinetic constants stemming from simple experiments may help to predict the performance of large scale operation even under unsteady state conditions.     

天然气液化厂站脱汞的探讨

分析了吸附脱汞和氧化型吸收剂的脱汞效果,吸附脱汞的吸附剂包括煤基活性炭、活性炭纤维、活性焦、钙基吸附剂、壳聚糖类吸附剂.介绍了天然气脱汞的国内外工程实例.     

Mixed carbon sources for nitrate reduction in activated sludge-identification of bacteria and process activity studies

Mixtures of methanol and acetate as carbon source were investigated in order to determine their capacity to enhance denitrification and for analysis of the microbial composition and carbon degradation activity in activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants. Laboratory batch reactors at 20 degrees C were used for nitrate uptake rate (NUR) measurements in order to investigate the anoxic activity, while single and mixed carbon substrates were added to activated sludge. Microautoradiography (MAR) in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) were applied for microbial analysis during exposure to different carbon sources. The NUR increased with additions of a mixture of acetate and methanol compared with additions of a single carbon source. MAR-FISH measurements demonstrated that the probe-defined group of Azoarcus was the main group of bacteria utilising acetate and the only active group utilising methanol under anoxic conditions. The present study indicated an improved denitrification potential by additions of a mixed carbon source compared with commonly used single-carbon additions. It is also established that Azoarcus bacteria are involved in the degradation of both acetate and methanol in the anoxic activated sludge.     

Fossil organic carbon in wastewater and its fate in treatment plants

This study reports the presence of fossil organic carbon in wastewater and its fate in wastewater treatment plants. The findings pinpoint the inaccuracy of current greenhouse gas accounting guidelines which defines all organic carbon in wastewater to be of biogenic origin. Stable and radiocarbon isotopes (¹³C and ¹⁴C) were measured throughout the process train in four municipal wastewater treatment plants equipped with secondary activated sludge treatment. Isotopic mass balance analyses indicate that 4–14% of influent total organic carbon (TOC) is of fossil origin with concentrations between 6 and 35 mg/L; 88–98% of this is removed from the wastewater. The TOC mass balance analysis suggests that 39–65% of the fossil organic carbon from the influent is incorporated into the activated sludge through adsorption or from cell assimilation while 29–50% is likely transformed to carbon dioxide (CO₂) during secondary treatment. The fossil organic carbon fraction in the sludge undergoes further biodegradation during anaerobic digestion with a 12% decrease in mass. 1.4–6.3% of the influent TOC consists of both biogenic and fossil carbon is estimated to be emitted as fossil CO₂ from activated sludge treatment alone. The results suggest that current greenhouse gas accounting guidelines, which assume that all CO₂ emission from wastewater is biogenic may lead to underestimation of emissions.     

组合交替式活性污泥法工艺处理城市污水的工程应用

组合交替式活性污泥法工艺是集间歇式活性污泥法(SBR)和传统活性污泥法的优点而形成的一种新工艺。该文对该工艺的基本构造、工艺特点、运行过程作了介绍,最后以佛山市第二污水处理厂首期工程(每天处理10万m3)为例,对该工艺处理城市污水的工程应用进行了介绍。     

南方地区典型水厂排泥水水质特性研究

选择南方某城市3座具有典型自来水和排泥水处理工艺的水厂,从物理、化学、生物安全性三个方面对排泥水、砂滤和炭滤池反冲洗水、排水池和排泥池上清液的水质特征进行了系统研究,并考察了原水水质、工艺选择和控制、排泥水收集和处理模式等因素对排泥水水质的影响。