城市污水厂二级处理出水内电解深度处理技术研究

采用内电解技术对城市污水处理厂出水进行深度处理,研究了pH值、废水在反应器中的停留时间等因素对处理效果的影响,并采用增加催化剂的措施提高了工艺的处理效果,解决了板结问题.试验结果表明,污水处理厂二级出水经内电解法处理后,脱色率可达90%以上,TP去除率可达90%左右,CODcr去除率也可达60%左右,内电解技术是一种经济高效的城市污水二级处理出水深度处理技术.     

二氧化氯消毒技术在南方某污水处理厂的应用

二氧化氯是一种新型环保安全的消毒剂,具有高效、无毒、用量小、杀灭细菌持续时间长的特点。本文介绍了二氧化氯发生器在南方某污水处理厂的实际应用及其使用效果,为二氧化氯发生器的在污水厂的应用提供了相关的运行数据。     

西安江村沟垃圾渗沥液处理厂改扩建工程安装、运行管理

近年来,随着西安市经济建设的发展,城区规模不断扩大,垃圾填埋量不断增多,渗沥液在原厂内进行处理,达到三级标准后送至城市污水处理厂进行处理,使城市污水处理厂的进水水质恶化,影响了污水处理厂的正常运行,进而影响污水处理厂的出水水质,使周边环境及水体受到不同程度的污染。因此,该项目的建设对改善城市污水处理厂的出水水质具有重大的意义。     

生物活性炭技术在污水回用深度处理中的应用

以城市污水处理厂二级出水为对象．开展了生物活性炭技术回用深度处理的现场试验,重点研究了运行方式及主要运行参数对深度处理效果的影响。研究表明：生物活性炭上向流运行明显优于下向流．在空床停留时间为10min,气水比2.7．反冲洗周期为4～6天时,出水氨氮、浊度及有机物等主要指标均可达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》（GB／T18920—2002）要求,在城市污水处理厂出水回用于城市杂用水的深度处理中有较好的应用前景。     

乌鲁木齐市河东污水处理厂的污泥处理

乌鲁木齐河东污水处理厂是新疆第一座现代化大型城市污水集中处理厂,是自治区第一个利用外资和国债建设的大型市政基础设施工程,总投资为 3. 09亿元,处理量为 20×104 m3 /d,采用AB法处理,出水水质达到国家二级排放标准。由于对剩余污泥进行浓缩、消化、脱水等技术相对成熟     

污水回用：复合二氧化氯发生器的用武之地

本文简单介绍了复合二氧化氯发生器的特点,并对该设备在城市污水深度处理中的应用进行了实验研究。结果表明,该设备对水的色度和微生物有良好的去除效果,而且水中COD和氨氮等污染指标均有所降低,综合水质得到优化。结合工程应用实际,华特事业工程总公司介绍了他们生产的复合二氧化氯发生器在两家城市污水处理厂的应用情况,供同行参考。     

城镇污水处理厂消毒设施运行调研与优化策略

我国《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)将粪大肠菌群数列为出水基本控制指标之一,要求污水处理过程中必须进行消毒,以降低病原微生物对人畜产生的健康风险。为了解污水处理消毒设施运行的效果,对全国56座城镇污水处理厂进行了调研,分析了消毒单元存在的问题并提出应对措施。调研结果表明,采用次氯酸钠和二氧化氯作为消毒剂的污水处理厂数量占调研总量的91. 6%。次氯酸钠和二氧化氯消毒的优势在于持久性效果较好以及运行管理相对简单。但调研数据显示,72%的污水处理厂有效氯投加量为1～4 mg/L,14%的污水处理厂有效氯投加量过高,超过了6 mg/L;消毒接触时间≥30 min的污水处理厂仅占43%,消毒接触时间≤10 min和≤2 min的污水处理厂分别占28%和17%;此外,50%的污水处理厂未对消毒后的总余氯含量进行测试,在已检测该指标的污水处理厂中,总余氯浓度≥0. 20 mg/L的占70%。针对调研中发现的问题,结合文献报道以及试验数据,提出了污水处理厂消毒设施优化运行建议,并展望了未来的主要研究方向,以期为城镇污水处理厂更合理地设计、运行消毒设施提供理论依据和技术指导。     

二氧化氯消毒效果影响因素试验研究

通过对比实验,考察了二氧化氯、液氯和氯胺三种常用消毒剂对肠道菌的灭活效果,以及pH、温度、培养基稀释倍数等因素对二氧化氯消毒效果的影响.试验结果表明,二氧化氯消毒剂具有高效性和广谱性;pH值在6.0～9.0内变化,二氧化氯的消毒效果几乎不受影响;温度的升高会加强二氧化氯的灭菌效果;随着培养基稀释倍数的增加,粪肠球菌对二...     

湛江霞山污水处理厂CAST工艺的启动及调试

介绍了湛江市霞山污水处理厂CAST工艺的运行调试过程,针对采用南柳河河水作为原水进行试运行出现的进水水质波动较大以及COD,氨氮处理效果不佳等问题,通过合理调整CAST工艺的污泥龄、污泥负荷、曝气时间等工艺参数,使CAST工艺系统的出水水质达到了设计要求,为同类城市污水处理厂的试运行调试提供了参考.     

城市污水处理厂自动控制系统的设计与实现

将某城市污水处理厂自动控制系统的选取与设计过程作为实例,对PLC自动控制方案的设计过程提出了详细的指导,将基于PLC的生产过程自动化与办公自动化进行了有机结合,为大型污水处理厂自动化控制设计提供了极重要的借鉴.同时论证了城市污水处理厂自动控制系统的结构和功能设计要点及实现方法,并给出了一个设计应用实例.     

城镇污水处理厂次氯酸钠消毒效果的影响因素研究

次氯酸钠消毒是目前我国城镇污水处理厂应用最广泛的一种消毒方式,但行业内对次氯酸钠的运行参数如投加量等及其消毒效果尚未达成共识。为此,以执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级A标准的某城镇污水处理厂二沉池出水为研究对象,开展了以次氯酸钠为消毒药剂的加氯消毒试验。结果表明,二沉池出水的粪大肠菌群对数去除率与消毒工艺中的有效氯投加量、接触时间以及水温均呈正相关,消毒后出水的氧化还原电位(ORP)可间接表征消毒效果,CT值(接触时间T×接触时间结束时消毒剂残留浓度C)可指导消毒药剂的投加量。在保持接触时间为12 min的前提下,当有效氯投加量为3. 67 mg/L时,粪大肠菌群对数去除率可达到2. 5-lg以上,确保消毒后出水的粪大肠菌群数达到一级A排放标准,此时,ORP为578m V,总氯CT值为7. 6 mg·min/L,游离氯CT值为3. 3 mg·min/L。     

啤酒污泥用作城市污水厂种泥的试验研究

为考察啤酒厂污水处理站的脱水污泥（简称啤酒污泥）用作城市污水厂接种污泥的可行性，摸索污泥的培养与驯化规律，采用连续操作、全流量同步培养和驯化方法，在处理能力为500m^2／d的UNITANK池中对啤酒污泥进行了培养和驯化。试验结果表明，啤酒污泥完全可以作为城市污水处理厂的接种污泥使用，而且培养时间短，出水水质好。曝气0．5h、厌氧搅拌1h时，活性污泥增长最快。将DO控制在2mg／L左右有利于活性污泥的增长；当DO长时间在7mg／L以上时，污泥浓度下降趋势明显。污泥浓度达到2000mg／L所需的培养驯化时间仅为5d；使出水水质达到一级B标准所需的培养时间约为6d。这种培养、驯化方法和经验可为其他城市污水处理厂的建设和运行提供参考。     

东莞市城镇污水处理提质增效潜力分析

近年来,东莞市加快城市生活污水收集处理系统“提质增效”,全面提升污水处理能力。根据东莞市部分城镇污水处理厂和污水管网运行的实际情况,测算污水处理厂提标到准Ⅳ类水和完善截污管网两种情形下的污染物削减量提升潜力,并对污水处理提质增效经济效益进行分析。结果表明,若将城镇污水处理厂出水全部提标到准Ⅳ类,新增COD、氨氮削减量可分别达到1715.05、125.73 t/a,若推动东莞市污水管网全覆盖以及老旧污水管网改造和修复改善,则新增COD、氨氮削减量分别为56570.99、11056.60 t/a。因此,提升污水管网收集处理能力比污水处理厂全部提标的效果更显著,同时提出污水处理提质增效中“厂网并重”“厂网一体”和“智慧厂网”三方面建议,以科学持续地提升东莞市污水处理效能。     

Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater effluent using microalgal biofilms

Microalgal biofilms have so far received little attention as post-treatment for municipal wastewater treatment plants, with the result that the removal capacity of microalgal biofilms in post-treatment systems is unknown. This study investigates the capacity of microalgal biofilms as a post-treatment step for the effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants. Microalgal biofilms were grown in flow cells with different nutrient loads under continuous lighting of 230 μmol/m²/s (PAR photons, 400-700 nm). It was found that the maximum uptake capacity of the microalgal biofilm was reached at loading rates of 1.0 g/m²/day nitrogen and 0.13 g/m²/day phosphorus. These maximum uptake capacities were the highest loads at which the target effluent values of 2.2 mg/L nitrogen and 0.15 mg/L phosphorus were still achieved. Microalgal biomass analysis revealed an increasing nitrogen and phosphorus content with increasing loading rates until the maximum uptake capacities. The internal nitrogen to phosphorus ratio decreased from 23:1 to 11:1 when increasing the loading rate. This combination of findings demonstrates that microalgal biofilms can be used for removing both nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater effluent.     

活性砂过滤器在城镇污水厂节能减排中的应用

采用活性砂过滤器对城镇污水处理厂二沉池出水进行深度处理,考察了以活性砂过滤器为深度处理工艺时,城镇污水处理厂出水水质的稳定性及其达到一级A排放标准的可能性。结果表明:活性砂过滤器的出水水质稳定,其出水的SS、TP浓度分别为(1～5)、(0.2～1.1)mg/L,优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准;出水的氨氮浓度为4～8 mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级B标准;出水的COD浓度为55～75 mg/L,接近于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级B标准。可见,将活性砂过滤器作为新建或已建污水厂的深度处理工艺,可在一定程度上达到节能减排的目的。     

城镇污水处理工艺对紫外线消毒RED的影响

使用准平行紫外光束仪测定了重庆市3个采用不同处理工艺的城镇污水处理厂终沉池出水中粪大肠菌群(FC)的紫外线响应曲线,考察了不同处理工艺对紫外线消毒等效生物验证剂量(RED)的影响.结果表明,在15mJ/CM2的紫外线辐照剂量下,3个污水处理厂终沉池出水中的FC未发生光复活和暗复活现象;运用虚拟变量回归分析法对3个水样的试验数据进行统计分析,发现3个水样属于同一个样本空间,表明不同的二级污水处理工艺对紫外线消毒效果没有显著影响;基于数据合并处理的结果,建议新建的城镇二级污水处理厂的紫外线消毒反应器的进水FC浓度设计值取5.0×106MPN/L,以对应1.0×104和1.0×103MPN/L的两个排放标准,REDmsz分别为25和36mJ/cm2.     

The assessment of particle association and UV disinfection of wastewater using indigenous spore-forming bacteria

Studies have shown that association between particles and coliform bacteria in wastewater influence the inactivation of these microorganisms by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This research investigated the potential use of indigenous aerobic spore-forming (ASF) bacteria for studying the particle - microorganism interaction and its effect on UV disinfection of protozoan pathogens, such as Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp., present in effluents from full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants. The effect of particle - ASF association was determined by homogenizing wastewater effluent samples before and after exposure to controlled UV doses delivered by a bench-scale collimated beam apparatus. Particle association between Bacillus subtilis spores added to wastewater and wastewater particles was also assessed. The results indicate that spores are not significantly associated with wastewater particulate matter and particle association does not significantly affect the inactivation of indigenous spores present in wastewater by UV radiation in this study.     

Indicator compounds for assessment of wastewater effluent contributions to flow and water quality

Numerous studies have reported the presence of trace (i.e., ng/L) organic chemicals in municipal wastewater effluents, but it is unclear which compounds will be useful to evaluate the contribution of effluent to overall river flow or the attenuation processes that occur in receiving streams. This paper presents a new approach that uses a suite of common trace organic chemicals as indicators to assess the degree of impact and attenuation of trace organic chemicals in receiving streams. The utility of the approach was validated by effluent monitoring at ten wastewater treatment plants and two effluent-impacted rivers with short retention times (<17 h). A total of 56 compounds were particularly well suited as potential indicators, occurring frequently in effluent samples at concentrations that were at least five times higher than their limit of quantification. Monitoring data from two effluent-impacted rivers indicated that biotransformation was not important for these two river stretches, whereas photolysis attenuation was possibly important for the shallow river. The application of this approach to receiving waters and water reclamation and reuse systems will allow for more effective allocation of resources in future monitoring programs.     

An assessment of estrogenic organic contaminants in Canadian wastewaters

A suite of 30 primarily estrogenic organic wastewater contaminants was measured in several influent/effluent wastewater samples from four municipal wastewater treatment plants and effluents from one bleached kraft pulp mill (BKME) using an ultra-trace analytical method based on gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectroscopy (GC-HRMS). In vitro recombinant yeast assay detection of the estrogenic equivalent (EEq) on whole and solid phase extracted (SPE) and fractionated wastewater was also performed. 19-norethindrone was the most frequently detected and abundant (26-224 ng/L) of all the synthetic estrogens/progesterones in the influent samples. 17alpha-ethinylestradiol was the more frequently detected synthetic estrogen/progesterone in the effluents occurring at or below 5 ng/L with some sporadic occurrences of up to 178 ng/L. The greatest levels of steroidal estrogens in municipal effluents were E1>E2>E3 which were all <20 ng/L. Nonylphenol and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were found to be the highest non-steroidal synthetic compounds surveyed in both municipal influent and effluent samples, both occurring at 6-7 microg/L in municipal effluents. BKME contained relatively large amounts of the plant sterol stigmasterol (4 microg/L) but low amounts of fecal sterols, and steroidal estrogens (E2 only at 6 ng/L) when compared to the municipal effluents. In vitro EEq in the wastewater surveyed ranged from 9-106 ng E2/L and ranked from municipal influent>municipal effluent approximately BKME, with most of the estrogenicity fractionating in the 100% methanol SPE fraction followed by a secondary amount in the diethyl ether (for municipal) or methyl-tert butyl ether (for BKME) SPE fractions. Most correlations between chemical and in vitro estrogenic equivalency were weak (p>0.05 in most cases). Unexpected inverse correlations between in vitro estrogenic activity and concentrations of the estrogenic contaminant bisphenol A were found which likely contributed to the weakness of these correlations. A modified toxicity identification and evaluation procedure was continued with the SPE extracts from the more potent 100% methanol SPE fractions of municipal effluent. High performance liquid chromatography band elution retention times, based on in vitro estrogen detection, indicated that steroidal estrogens such as E2 were responsible for most of the estrogenicity of the samples. Subsequent collection and GC-MS analysis of active bands did not confirm the presence of steroidal estrogens, but expanded the possibility of phthalate esters (i.e. dibutyl phthalate) and natural sterols (i.e. beta-sitosterol) contributing to the overall estrogenic load.