Strengthening of RC beams in shear using GFRP inclined strips – An experimental study

Though there have been a number of studies on shear strengthening of RC beams using externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer sheets, the behaviour of FRP strengthened beams in shear is not fully understood. This is partly due to various reinforcement configurations of sheets that can be used for shear strengthening and partly due to different failure modes a strengthened beam undergoes at ultimate state. Furthermore, the experimental data bank for shear strengthening of concrete beams using FRP remains relatively sparse due to which the design algorithms for computing the shear contribution of FRP are not yet clear. The objective of this study is to clarify the role of glass fiber reinforced polymer inclined strips epoxy bonded to the beam web for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. Included in the study are effectiveness in terms of width and spacing of inclined GFRP strips, spacing of internal steel stirrups, and longitudinal steel rebar section on shear capacity of the RC beam. The study also aims to understand the shear contribution of concrete, shear strength due to steel bars and steel stirrups and the additional shear capacity due to glass fiber reinforced polymer strips in a RC beam. And also to study the failure modes, shear strengthening effect on ultimate force and load deflection behaviour of RC beams bonded externally with GFRP inclined strips on the shear region of the beam.     

内嵌CFRP板条加固混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验研究

通过6根足尺混凝土梁的抗弯加固试验,对内嵌CFRP板条加固梁的破坏过程、受力性能、截面应变分布和挠度变形规律进行了研究。试验结果表明,内嵌CFRP板条加固梁跨中截面应变分布和挠度变形规律与外贴CFRP加固梁相似,但内嵌加固能有效避免板条的剥离破坏,其抗弯加固性能优于相应的外贴加固梁;预载加固将会降低内嵌板条的加固效果。基于混凝土结构加固理论,并考虑预加荷载的影响,对内嵌CFRP板条加固梁3种弯曲破坏形态(钢筋屈服前混凝土压碎、钢筋屈服后混凝土压碎和钢筋屈服后FRP拉断)下的抗弯承载力进行理论分析,并建立开裂弯矩、屈服弯矩和极限弯矩的计算公式,其计算结果与作者及国内外已有的试验实测值吻合较好,可用于实际工程加固设计。     

Partially bonded near-surface-mounted CFRP bars for strengthened concrete T-beams

A partially bonded strengthening approach for reinforced concrete (RC) beams utilizing near-surface-mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars was investigated with the specific objective of improving deformability. A total of six RC T-beams strengthened with NSM CFRP bars of various unbonded lengths were tested. Test results showed a decrease of the stiffness at the post-yield stage of the load–deflection response in the partially bonded beams. This is caused by the delayed increase of the FRP strain within the unbonded length. As a result the beam deformability was increased as the unbonded length increased at the same applied load. Internal slip of the FRP bar and gradual concrete failure were observed near the ultimate state, which caused a complicate nonlinear behavior of the beams. An analytical model is proposed to address the complete beam behavior including the effect of slip of FRP reinforcement and gradual concrete crushing. This model was developed based on the compatibility of deformation of the partially bonded system and was able to represent the ultimate behavior of the beams well.     

Strain monitoring of RC members strengthened with smart NSM FRP bars

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars can be used as internal reinforcement for new reinforced concrete (RC) structures and as near-surface mounted (NSM) reinforcement for the strengthening of RC structures. The NSM method is an emerging strengthening technique for RC structures, where FRP bars are embedded into grooves cut in the cover of RC members. In both cases, strain monitoring of the FRP bars is desirable either for the investigation of the structural behavior or for the long-term health monitoring of the structure. This paper presents a study in which fiber-optic sensors were embedded into glass FRP (GFRP) bars to produce smart GFRP bars for NSM applications. The manufacturing process of the smart FRP bars is illustrated and their performance in tensile, bond and beam flexural tests is examined to assess the effectiveness of these smart FRP bars for achieving the dual purpose of structural strengthening and strain monitoring. On the basis of the test results, the advantages and limitations of fiber-optic sensors compared to electrical strain gages in the strain monitoring of NSM FRP bars are discussed. The bond and beam test results also confirm the effectiveness of the NSM method for the strengthening of RC structures.     

GFRP筋钢纤维高强轻骨料混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

完成了9根配GFRP筋和1根配钢筋的高强轻骨料混凝土梁受弯性能试验,观察其破坏过程与破坏形态,分析了纤维掺量、纵筋类型、配筋率及纵筋直径等参数对试件承载能力、弯矩-跨中挠度曲线、裂缝宽度等受弯性能的影响,采用美国ACI 440.1R-15、中国GB 50608—2010和加拿大CSA S806-12、ISIS-M03-07等规范中的建议模型,通过开裂弯矩、承载力、挠度和裂缝宽度等参数评估了各国规范对该类构件的适用性。结果表明：随配筋率的增大,试件破坏模式依次表现为受拉破坏、平衡破坏和受压破坏,受压区破坏面贯穿骨料内部,较为光滑;掺入钢纤维能够有效抑制混凝土裂缝开展,延缓构件刚度退化,使开裂弯矩平均提高51.71%,承载力平均提高22.10%;增大GFRP筋配筋率能够提高构件刚度,但GFRP筋直径变化对试件变形及裂缝宽度无显著影响;GFRP筋梁开裂后刚度退化较配钢筋的对比试件迅速。各国规范计算结果表明：受拉破坏试件承载力计算结果较离散,且均偏于不安全;对于平衡破坏和受压破坏的试件预测结果均偏于保守,有足够安全储备。考虑轻骨料和钢纤维对构件刚度退化规律的影响,修正有效惯性矩并给出建议挠度计算模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

盐腐蚀环境下内嵌FRP筋加固混凝土界面黏结性能试验研究

为了研究盐腐蚀环境下内嵌FRP筋加固混凝土界面的黏结性能,对27个内嵌FRP筋加固混凝土试件进行盐腐蚀后的单端拉拔试验,分析试件的受力过程和破坏模式,研究内嵌FRP筋黏结长度、腐蚀时间和FRP筋类型对界面黏结性能的影响。结果表明：盐腐蚀的试件破坏模式分为结构胶劈裂、FRP筋拉断和结构胶劈裂且FRP筋弯折等3种,且以结构胶劈裂破坏为主。盐腐蚀环境下内嵌FRP筋混凝土试件的黏结应力与黏结长度、破坏模式与腐蚀时间有关。盐腐蚀环境会影响混凝土、黏结材料及FRP筋的力学性能,加剧黏结界面失效破坏。腐蚀时间为30 d和90 d的内嵌BFRP筋加固混凝土试件的耐盐腐蚀能力高于内嵌GFRP筋加固混凝土试件的,腐蚀时间为60 d的内嵌GFRP筋加固混凝土试件的耐盐腐蚀能力优于内嵌BFRP筋试件的。根据试验数据拟合了盐腐蚀环境下内嵌FRP筋加固混凝土界面黏结-滑移本构关系,其拟合优度达到0.988 0。     

Behavior and capacity of RC beams strengthened in shear with NSM FRP reinforcement

A recent and promising method for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) members is the use of near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement. In the NSM method, the reinforcement is embedded in grooves cut onto the surface of the member to be strengthened and filled with an appropriate binding agent such as epoxy paste or cement grout. Only a few studies have been conducted to date on the use of NSM FRP reinforcement for shear strengthening of RC beams. These studies identified some critical failure modes related to debonding between the NSM reinforcement and the concrete substrate. However, more tests need to be conducted to identify all possible failure modes of strengthened beams. Moreover, virtually no test results are available on the behavior of shear-strengthened beams containing steel shear reinforcement, and on the effect of variables such as the type of epoxy used as groove filler. This paper illustrates a research program on shear strengthening of RC beams with NSM reinforcement, aimed at gaining more test results to fill the gaps in knowledge mentioned above. A number of beams were tested to analyze the influence on the structural behavior and failure mode of selected test parameters, i.e. type of NSM reinforcement (round bars and strips), spacing and inclination of the NSM reinforcement, and mechanical properties of the groove-filling epoxy. One beam strengthened in shear with externally bonded FRP laminates was also tested for comparison purposes. All beams had a limited amount of internal steel shear reinforcement to simulate a real strengthening situation. Test results are presented and discussed in the paper.     

复材网格-UHTCC复合增强钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

文中进行7根复材（FRP）网格增强超高韧性纤维水泥基（UHTCC）复合加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能试验,将FRP网格类型、FRP网格增强率、FRP-UHTCC复合层黏结长度作为试验变量,分析各变量对FRP-UHTCC复合增强混凝土梁弯曲性能的影响。在试验研究的基础上,给出FRP-UHTCC复合增强混凝土梁的抗弯承载力计算方法。试验结果表明,FRP-UHTCC复合层与混凝土间没有发生相对滑移现象,可以有效抑制加固层端部剥离破坏,加固梁的破坏模式为FRP网格中纵向纤维筋被拉断破坏。BFRP格栅与UHTCC黏结基体没有发生脱黏现象,优于BFRP编织网与UHTCC的黏结效果。随着FRP网格增强率的增大,加固梁的抗弯承载力得到显著提高。与未加固的普通混凝土梁相比,加固梁的开裂、屈服和极限荷载最大提高幅度分别为97%、35%和33%。计算结果表明,预测值与试验值吻合较好,可以有效地预测FRP-UHTCC复合增强混凝土梁的抗弯承载力。     

表面内嵌玻璃纤维增强材料筋加固混凝土梁抗弯性能试验

为了探究表面内嵌玻璃纤维增强材料（GFRP）加固混凝土的抗弯性能,通过对表面内嵌GFRP筋加固混凝土梁试件的抗弯试验,探究了加固梁受力过程和破坏形式;通过对加固试件与未加固试件的荷载-位移关系曲线和荷载-应变关系曲线的对比分析;探讨典型试件裂缝的开展和分布规律,进一步研究原梁内纵向钢筋配筋率和GFRP筋加固量对梁抗弯性...     

FRP筋混凝土梁正截面极限抗弯承载力的性能研究

利用FRP筋混凝土粱截面的平衡条件和变形协调条件．给出梁的平衡配筋率;分析FRP筋混凝土梁三种破坏模式,即受压破坏、受拉破坏和平衡破坏的特性;研究FRP筋混凝土梁配筋率对其正截面极限抗弯承载力的影响,并给出其影响系数。研究表明：配筋率在一定范围内,抗弯承载力随着配筋率的增大而增大;根据配筋率的不同,探讨FRP筋混凝土梁正截面极限抗弯承栽力的计算方法,建立与之相应的计算公式,并将计算结果与国内外文献中的部分试验结果相比较,且两者吻合较好。     

Flexural strengthening of RC beams with prestressed NSM CFRP rods – Experimental and analytical investigation

The effectiveness of strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) beams with prestressed near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods was investigated. Four RC beams (254 mm deep by 152 mm wide by 3500 mm long) were tested under monotonic loading. One beam was kept un-strengthened as a control beam. One beam was strengthened with a non-prestressed NSM CFRP rod. Two beams were strengthened with prestressed NSM CFRP rods stressed to 40% and 60% of the rod’s ultimate strength. The test results showed that strengthening with non-prestressed NSM CFRP rod enhanced the flexural response of the beam compared to that of the control beam. A remarkable improvement in the response was obtained when the RC beams were strengthened with prestressed (40% and 60%) NSM CFRP rods. An increase up to 90% in the yield load and a 79% in the ultimate load compared to those of the control beam were obtained. An analytical model was developed using sectional analysis method to predict the flexural response of RC beams strengthened with prestressed NSM CFRP rods. The proposed model showed excellent agreement with the experimental results.     

纤维增强复合筋超静定混凝土梁的抗弯性能

采用改进的局部变形模型,对纤维增强复合筋超静定混凝土梁的抗弯性能进行研究。首先提出一个模型并将其性能与由FRP筋加固的简支及连续混凝土梁的试验结果进行对比。然后将模型应用到FRP筋连续梁中来预测弯矩分布,以及弯曲裂缝的形态,包括裂缝间距和裂缝宽度。尤其是该模型具有在梁中的高应变区确定变形的能力。基于理论分析结果,通过比较FRP筋增强的梁与普通钢筋混凝土梁,阐述了混凝土梁的延性和超载性能。所有的结果和相关解释均取决于某些特定假设和模型中的输入参数,尤其取决于FRP筋和混凝土之间的粘结性能。     

Assessing the effectiveness of embedding CFRP laminates in the near surface for structural strengthening

Near surface mounted (NSM) is a recent strengthening technique based on bonding carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars (rods or laminate strips) into pre-cut grooves on the concrete cover of the elements to strength. To assess the effectiveness of the NSM technique, an experimental program is carried out involving reinforced concrete (RC) columns, RC beams and masonry panels. In columns failing in bending the present work shows that the failure strain of the (CFRP) laminates can be attained using the NSM technique. Beams failing in bending are also strengthened with CFRP laminates in order to double their load carrying capacity. This goal was attained and maximum strain levels of about 90% of the CFRP failure strain were recorded in this composite material, revealing that the NSM technique is also very effective to increase the flexural resistance of RC beams.The effectiveness of externally bonded reinforcing (EBR) and NSM techniques to increase the flexural resistance of masonry panels is also assessed. In the EBR technique the CFRP laminates are externally bonded to the concrete joints of the panel, while in the NSM technique the CFRP laminates are fixed into precut slits on the panel concrete joints. The NSM technique provided a higher increase on the panel load carrying capacity as well as a larger deflection at the failure of the panel.The performance of EBR and NSM techniques for the strengthening of RC beams failing in shear is also analyzed. The NSM technique was much more effective in terms of increasing the beam load carrying capacity as well as the beam deformability at its failure. The NSM technique was easier and faster to apply than the EBR technique.     

内嵌碳纤维筋加固钢筋混凝土梁可靠性研究

基于内嵌碳纤维(简称CFRP)筋抗弯加固混凝土梁的试验研究,开展变加固量内嵌CFRP筋加固梁可靠指标计算分析,探讨内嵌CFRP筋加固钢筋混凝土梁的可靠度水平随加固量的变化情况。结果表明:内嵌CFRP筋加固梁能够充分利用CFRP的高强特点,明显提高被加固梁的可靠性,其可靠指标提高幅度最大为79.52%。综合各方面因素分析可知,内嵌2根CFRP筋的加固效果最好。     

GFRP筋地下连续墙混凝土板受弯性能试验研究及有限元分析

为了解GFRP筋地下连续墙的受弯性能,通过GFRP筋混凝土板和钢筋混凝土板的对比受弯试验,分析了两者的受力-变形过程和破坏形态,对比了两者的挠度、开裂荷载、极限荷载以及混凝土应变。结果表明：GFRP筋混凝土板的受力-变形曲线大致可划分为开裂前和开裂后两个阶段,其破坏表现为脆性;混凝土开裂前两种板的截面应变变化规律均基本符合平截面假定,但开裂后GFRP筋混凝土板的挠度增长速率远大于钢筋混凝土板,且该速率基本不变;两种板的开裂荷载较为接近,而GFRP筋混凝土板的极限荷载为钢筋混凝土板的1.2倍。在试验基础上,建立了GFRP筋混凝土板的有限元模型,通过参数分析表明,GFRP筋混凝土板的抗弯刚度在开裂后随配筋率的增大而增大。图13表6参8     

FRP片材加固混凝土连续梁试验研究

对用不同类型纤维布加固的11根钢筋混凝土连续梁在不同加载历史条件下进行了破坏试验。试验结果表明,粘贴CFRP布和GFRP布加固后梁的正截面承载力有不同程度的提高,裂缝宽度减小,抗弯刚度有所增强。粘贴纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁承载力和加固时的初始应力水平有关,初始应力越高,加固梁的极限承载力就越低。粘贴纤维布后,混凝土梁的延性有一定的降低,相对于碳纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁,粘贴玻璃纤维布混凝土梁的延性较好,连续梁支座塑性转动能力较好。     

玻璃纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁正截面抗弯承载力计算

通过14根玻璃纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土粱试验研究,证明经玻璃纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土粱抗弯承载力提高较多。加固效果明显。在试验的基础上对玻璃纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁正截面抗弯承载力计算方法进行了分析。根据不同的破坏模式提出了不同的极限状态计算公式,给出了最大和最小玻璃纤维布使用面积的计算方法。同时,根据试验结果和美国FRP加固设计规范提出了玻璃纤维布加固钢筋混凝土粱的相对界限受压区高度和设计极限拉应变。计算结果表明,本文建立的计算公式与试验值吻合较好,误差较小。     

玻璃纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁挠度计算

进行了9根玻璃纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土梁和3根对比梁的试验研究，建立了纤维加固混凝土梁处于不同阶段的截面刚度的计算方法，给出了加固梁跨中挠度的计算方法。计算结果表明，该方法与试验值吻合较好。     

界面处理对FRP加固钢筋混凝土梁承载力的影响

以梁跨度、配筋率为参数,利用5组试件对比研究了界面凿毛对纤维增强聚合物(FRP)加固钢筋混凝土梁极限弯矩的影响。结果表明:混凝土界面凿毛后的FRP加固梁的极限弯矩要小于砂轮打磨梁的极限弯矩,并且随着梁跨度的增大,砂轮打磨梁与凿毛梁的极限弯矩差值增大;随着配筋率的增大,砂轮打磨梁与凿毛梁的极限弯矩差值减小。     

Tests on reinforced concrete beams strengthened in shear using near surface mounted CFRP and steel bars

This paper presents the experimental results obtained from testing four large scale reinforced concrete T-beams strengthened in shear using near surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars and conventional steel reinforcing bars. The experimental program studied the effects of the orientation of the NSM bars, their type and their anchorage into the flange concrete. The tests showed that the NSM bars were engaged in the resistance as soon as they were crossed by a crack. The strengthening increased the shear capacity by 37%-92%, reduced the width of the diagonal cracks and allowed the beams to develop significant flexural ductility. The results also showed that orienting the NSM bars at 45° and extending their anchorage into the flange concrete improved the efficiency of strengthening. The CFRP strengthened test regions achieved 7%-10% larger shear capacity than the steel strengthened test regions, and their behavior was relatively similar.