沈阳市地下水人工回灌试验过程及其分析

本文阐述了地下水人工回灌试验过程；分析地下水水量、水位、水质，反应出水力传导与地下水丘的形成过程，特别是各种污染因子的时、空运移规律；通过Ｒ型聚类分析，探讨了有关污染因子变量间的关系与机理。最终为确定回灌效益和建立回灌条件下的地下水水量与水质耦合模型提供了依据。     

上海某枢纽基坑工程浅层承压水回灌试验分析

随着上海城市建设进程的不断推进,深大基坑大量涌现,同时因城市立体空间设施的密集化,使得基坑周边环境趋于复杂,在此背景下因浅层承压水降水而引起的工程性地面沉降事故不断发生,给社会带来了巨大的经济损失。地下水人工回灌是控制因降水引起的工程性地面沉降的方法之一,目前地下水人工回灌系统主要应用于深层承压水的回灌。本文通过上海某地第一承压含水层的回灌试验,研究分析了浅层承压含水层回灌井的结构、回灌过程中地下水的流态变化规律、水土应力变化及对控制地面沉降作用的效率,证明了浅层承压水回灌在基坑环境保护中的可行性。试验研究对基坑建设中的地下水浅层承压水回灌系统的设计和施工有重要的指导意义。     

基于絮凝沉淀-人工湿地-回灌的水处理工程实践

德阳市公共供水主要依靠地下水,水资源短缺问题严重制约着社会经济发展。将微污染河水经絮凝沉淀与人工湿地处理后回灌补给地下水并建立傍河地下水水源地,具有河水处理-再利用-调蓄开发三位一体的优势。通过构建一套絮凝沉淀-人工湿地-地下水回灌系统,并结合数值模拟,探讨了系统运行各阶段的水质净化效果及地下水回灌与开采供水的可行性。结果表明,经絮凝沉淀-人工湿地处理后,浊度、TP、TN、COD_(Mn)、NH_4~+-N均可达到工程设计回灌水质要求。地下水回灌-开采供水系统对原生地下水环境造成的影响有限,人工湿地-地下水回灌-供水系统能够正常运行。     

回灌条件下地下水质模拟与预测

本文建立人工回灌条件下地下水质模型系统 ,模拟了 7种污染因子的时空运移规律。在模拟中对水质模型的求解首次采用分步杂交方法 ,取得了满意效果。通过模型运转的预测结果 ,对模拟因子其浓度与回灌量、水量参数、水质参数、回灌时间和回灌距离的相互关系进行了分析 ,最终为确定“回灌水临界水质标准”提供依据。     

上海市污水厂出水用于地下水回灌探讨

近年来上海由于受市政建设、产业结构调整等因素影响,地下水回灌工作面临较大困难。如将城市污水厂出水进行深度处理后用于人工回灌,既能解决地下水回灌问题,又能实现污水的资源化,减轻水环境污染的压力。就此探讨了回灌水质、费用、回灌井布局、深度处理设施占地等问题。     

深基坑开挖中人工回灌井的应用研究

介绍了目前常用的人工回灌的基本方式、效果,对砂沟回灌、井点回灌的计算方法及施工原则作了探讨,阐述了回灌井点的施工要求,并对其效果作了分析,以供类似工程的设计参考.     

地下水人工回灌对地面沉降控制的探讨

从粘土层压缩变形的微观效应角度,揭示了回灌对沉降控制的机理,介绍了控沉中人工回灌方式,并对地下水回灌过程中存在的一些问题进行了论述,并提出了相应的地面沉降控制措施,从而为工程实践提供有益的指导。     

局部高位入渗对渗透池入渗速率的影响

含水层中的弱透水层和回灌过程中的堵塞问题是影响地下水人工回灌工程效率和寿命的关键问题.本文通过室内实验,模拟了自然状态地表覆盖有弱透水层的情况下,正常回灌、局部开挖回填砂砾石,以及设计的局部高位入渗方法对渗透池入渗速率的影响.实验证明,实践中通常采用的局部开挖回填砂砾石的方法对入渗效率的提高是有效的,但是由于回灌水源在...     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回灌效果的理论研究

基于前人提出的垃圾填埋场渗滤波渗流模型，通过试验初步提出了评价回灌效果的指标和回灌有效期的概念，并分别考察了回灌水质、渗流参数及填埋深度对渗滤液中污染物浓度、微生物浓度和垃圾土中有机质溶解及降解的影响。分析结果表明，回灌能促进渗滤液中COD浓度的降低并加快垃圾土中有机质的降解；提高垃圾土的溶解速度，有利于减少垃圾土的有机质含量，同时不影响COD浓度的稳定；在相同回灌水质下，填埋越深则回灌的效果越不明显。     

准好氧填埋场垃圾渗滤液全循环回灌处理研究

将模拟准好氧填埋场垃圾渗滤液进行全循环回灌处理，考察了不同回灌条件对渗滤液稳定化进程的影响。结果表明，不同回灌条件下垃圾渗滤液具有基本相同的稳定化进程，COD和BOD5值均经历了快速下降、稳定下降和缓慢下降3个时期；而氨氮浓度则是先升高后降低。每日回灌总量和回灌频率是影响渗滤液稳定化进程的主要因素：在一定范围内，二者取值越大则渗滤液的稳定化程度越高。     

Groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater: health and regulatory considerations

Groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater presents a wide spectrum of technical and health challenges that must be carefully evaluated prior to undertaking a project. This review will provide a discussion of groundwater recharge and its management with special reference to health and regulatory aspects of groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater. At present, some uncertainties with respect to health risk considerations have limited expanding use of reclaimed municipal wastewater for groundwater recharge, especially when a large portion of the groundwater contains reclaimed wastewater that may affect the domestic water supply. The proposed State of California criteria for groundwater recharge are discussed as an illustration of a cautious approach. In addition, a summary is provided of the methodology used in developing the World Health Organization's Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality to illustrate how numerical guideline values are generated for contaminants that may be applicable to groundwater recharge.     

An Assessment of Groundwater Recharge on the Channel Island of Jersey

On the Channel Island of Jersey, a third of the total water requirements are obtained from groundwater sources. A reliable estimate of recharge is necessary for sustainable groundwater management. Past resource management has been limited, partly because the rate of recharge is uncertain.
This paper describes the application of three independent methods of estimating recharge: (a) chloride balance, (b) stream baseflow analysis, and (c) rainfall-recharge-runoff simulation. All three methods produce reasonably consistent results, indicating that long-term recharge is 16–19% of average annual rainfall, and results of modelling indicate that groundwater abstraction may have exceeded recharge in 5 out of 28 years. These findings have important implications for the management of the island's water resources.     

某滨海度假休闲区地下水分析与评价

以惠东县某滨海度假休闲区实例为依托,对该区地下水进行了分析与评价。查明各含水层／带的埋藏和分布规律,以及地下水与地表水之间的水力联系。阐明区内地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件,地下水动态的一般特征,初步阐明测区地下水化学特征。初步评价测区地下水资源,为开发利用地下热水资源提供了依据。     

Waste Disposal and Groundwater Management

A bout ONE THIRD of the population of the UK depends on groundwater, which is pumped mainly from the Cretaceous Chalk limestone and the Permo-Trias Bunter Sandstone, for their domestic supply. The recharge areas of both aquifers correspond broadly with areas of high population density and substantial industrial activity. The disposal of solid and liquid wastes which are generated by this large population has caused local contamination of groundwater, and there is evidence of trace concentrations of a large range of man-made organic substances in public supplies. Although total prevention of groundwater pollution is not feasible, it is increasingly evident that groundwater resources and quality management must involve improved waste-disposal management. This paper reviews the main threats, the ways in which the hazards and the resources should be monitored, and legislative changes which are desirable. The problems in the interpretation of data and the models used for prediction are also discussed.     

地下水允许开采量及其潜力评价研究

综合分析了国内外关于地下水允许开采量的概念,提出了实用的地下水允许开采量的涵义。探讨了平衡或有潜力水源地地下水允许开采量的计算评价、增源增采条件下地下水最大允许开采量的计算评价、超采水源地地下水允许开采量的计算评价,以及消耗型水源地地下水允许开采量的计算评价原则,并分别列举了实例。     

A Simple Method for Estimating Mean Annual Groundwater Recharge for Drift-Free Areas of the Chalk and Permo-Triassic Sandstone Aquifers in the UK

At present, several methods for estimating groundwater recharge are in use in the UK, resulting in a range of estimates of groundwater recharge in any one area. However, there is a need for a robust national methodology with a firm scientific basis. As a first stage, a simple method has been developed to allow the rapid estimation of the mean annual groundwater recharge on drift-free areas of the major aquifers of England and Wales.
A simple soil-moisture model, with inputs of daily rainfall and potential evaporation, has been used to produce a series of nomographs. These can be used to estimate (a) mean annual groundwater recharge from data which are readily available, (b) annual values of rainfall, and (c) MORECS potential evaporation for grass. These estimates are aggregated to give the total for the area by including information on the land cover.     

豫北平原地下水~(14)C同位素特征

地下水中14C的年代与PMC(与大气中现代碳的百分含量之比)值的大小反映了地下水的补给、迳流、排泄的状况与循环条件。豫北平原地下水中的14C的年代与PMC值反映出:引黄灌区主干渠、山前冲洪积扇、近黄河地带为地下水强补给与迳流带,地下水14C年龄较小,地下水循环交替快;在交接洼地、微咸水区、地下水位下降漏斗区,地下水迳流滞缓,地下水14C年龄较大,地下水循环交替慢。其它资料也验证了此规律。