Residential satisfaction among young people in post-socialist countries: the case of Serbia

Change in labor markets, extended education period and economic instability are negatively influencing housing accessibility of young adults. In post-socialist countries, such as Serbia, the biggest issues are the lack of supply volume and diversity of government subsidized housing, as well as the soaring prices of the newly built homes. As a result, young people are relying on the unregulated private rental market or their families to help them enter homeownership and acquire residential independence. There is an apparent need for affordable housing or policies which are catering to young people’s needs. The relevant body of research has been using residential satisfaction approach to provide an evaluation of the variety of housing available to young tenants. Hence, the primary purpose of this paper is to identify the factors which are significantly related or can predict the higher residential satisfaction and can be beneficial to the future policy makers in Serbia. To assess the residential satisfaction, following variables were included: socioeconomic characteristics, residential status, current housing characteristics, problems faced in the current dwelling, housing attribute preferences, privacy perception, dwelling proximity, neighborhood attachment, as well as overall residential satisfaction. The findings indicate that young people in Serbia had average levels of satisfaction with their housing despite the various problems and lack of privacy they were facing in the apartments. Higher residential satisfaction in this research was significantly predicted by the marital status of our respondents (single people were more satisfied), homeownership tenancy status, independent living arrangement, larger apartment size, greater levels of privacy and higher neighborhood attachment.     

A级住宅系统性分析

可持续发展已成为社会发展的重要主题,也是A级住宅提出的社会大背景。本文阐述了A级住宅发展的推动力,在分析A级住宅系统的特征及结构体系的基础上总结了A级住宅的推广策略。     

生活、印象、环境——关于住宅建筑的思考

新一代的家庭无论从成员结构 ,经济状况都与以前有了很大的不同 ,反映在对住宅小区的品质追求上包括 :户型和生活的融合 ,小区的主题印象与风格建立 ,综合环境与住宅层数的协调等等。本文基于实际工作中的体会逐一进行阐述。     

Residential mobility of low-income,subsidized households: a synthesis of explanatory frameworks

Mobility, residential quality, and life outcomes are linked in the literature and these relationships have influenced low-income housing policy. This research investigates the determinants of mobility for households with a federal housing subsidy. Combining unique data from a survey of Housing Choice Voucher households, client program files, and secondary data, this study uses logistic regression to test several explanations for mobility, including the life cycle, housing market perceptions, and perceived and actual neighborhood conditions. The results indicate that a synthesis of explanations produce the best model to predict residential mobility. Neighborhood quality, perceived and actual, variables most strongly influence mobility, but life cycle factors and perception of the local housing market also impact moving choices. At the same time, the results suggest a gap in our understanding of the relationship among individuals’ environmental perceptions, formation of feelings of neighborhood satisfaction, and actual neighborhood conditions. The article concludes with a discussion of the research and policy implications from this study.     

Residential mobility in private lower‐cost housing in Bangkok

The literature on residential satisfaction and mobility for Western countries is extensive and has yielded a number of models explaining mobility in the housing market. By studying a large number of residents of private lower‐cost housing estates in Bangkok (Thailand) a model is built explaining residential mobility in low‐income countries. The strongest predictor of mobility is home ownership followed by residential satisfaction itself. This contradicts earlier results in developed countries. Satisfaction with the individual dwelling unit, satisfaction with the environment of the estate and the age of the head of household also, with decreasing strength, influence plans to move.     

Residential satisfaction of elderly in the city centre: The case of revitalizing neighbourhoods in Prague

While the historical cores of the post-socialist cities of Central and Eastern Europe are adapting to the invasion of tourism and profitable companies, dynamic regeneration is altering the character of the inner-city neighbourhoods from working class peripheries to modern multi-functional urban sub-centres. Changing residential environments, landscapes and functions affect the daily lives and residential satisfaction of the local population, and especially of the low-income and elderly people facing mobility restrictions. This research evaluates the residential satisfaction of the elderly in two Prague city centre neighbourhoods that experienced dramatic changes in their residential environment during the post-socialist transition: the historical core, which has been exposed to massive touristification and commercialization, and a former working class neighbourhood that has been experiencing rapid regeneration. The local accessibility of services, public spaces, housing and social support was examined through a questionnaire survey. Contrary to our expectations based on the existing literature review, the results show that, despite the rapid revitalization processes, the elderly are fairly satisfied with their residential environment in both neighbourhood types.     

Statistical analyses on summer energy consumption characteristics of residential buildings in some cities of China

The purposes of this paper are to analyse energy consumption characteristics and to find out influence factors of residential energy consumption in summer in typical cities of China. The investigated residences were located in seven cities of five architecture thermotechnical design zones. Questionnaire surveys revealed housing unit characteristics, household characteristics, the possession and utilization of domestic energy consuming appliances and indoor thermal environment in summer. Energy consumption analyses show that summer energy consumption amounts in different cities bear distinct regional characteristics: the household amounts of electricity use are largest in Hongkong, and the values are smaller but still at a high level in Beijing, Shanghai and Changsha, and at the smallest level in Kunming, Harbin and Urumqi, while the difference in gas use is small among these cities. Influence factor analyses show that city locations, housing unit characteristics, the utilization of space coolers and water heaters, household characteristics, and subjective evaluation of indoor thermal environment all contribute to the residential energy consumption in summer when taking all the families in the seven cities as the sample collectivity, while detail analyses for separate cities shows each city has its own characteristics. In Shanghai, the satisfaction rate of thermal environment, the possession and operation of air conditioners and housing unit characteristics greatly affect the summer energy consumption, but the electrical fan is judged as the non-influence factor, while in Urumqi, the possession and operation of electrical fans and the categories of water heaters have remarkable effect, and the influence of housing unit characteristics is also distinct, but the number of air conditioners and their usage contribute little to energy use due to the cool climate.     

为高层住宅辩护--两个高层住宅实例的居住满意度与邻里关系分析

用两个实例说明高层住宅居民可以获得较高的居住满意度,也可以发展所需要的社会交往和邻里关系。上海的实例研究认为,在目前的居住状况下,无论是高层住宅还是多层住宅其居民都不是很重视邻里关系和社会交往,但当居住水平提高以后,居民将越来越强调社区的品质和吸引力。另外降低高层住宅的规模可以缓和高层住宅居民的拥挤压力并提升居住品质。     

Residential satisfaction in affordable housing: A mixed method study

Despite the importance of residential satisfaction among low-income families, some residential complexes have been constructed without the consideration of factors determining residential satisfaction. One of these projects is Mehr housing – a mass affordable housing in Iran that caused various problems after implementation. Thus, this study has two notable purposes. First, it attempts to identify the satisfaction factors of 221 residents of Mehr housing projects in Gonbad Kavoos, Iran. Secondly, it examines planning policies, design principles and interaction with neighbors as determinants of residential satisfaction (DRS). The study used mixed method research. First, it adopted an exploratory and qualitative approach to identify the satisfaction factors based on semi-structured interviews and then it undertook a quantitative approach along with structured questionnaires. The data analysis was conducted with Framework analysis and SmartPLS software. The structural model proved the effect of DRS on residential satisfaction. Also, results revealed that ethnicity moderates the relationship between interaction with neighbors and residential satisfaction. So that, among non-Persians, residential satisfaction through interaction with neighbors was more than that of Persians.     

Moving House,Creating Home: Exploring Residential Mobility

This paper begins with a review of the residential mobility literature that arose out of housing and planning policy aimed at decreasing the negative effects of urban transience. The literature identified the range of factors influencing residential mobility, but Rossi's (1955) claim that mobility was a 'natural' outcome of life stage changes became the basis for the majority of this work. Most of this literature arose out of quantitative research approaches but writers drew attention to the inability of these approaches to capture the increasing complexity of family life and residential mobility. Drawing on data from the Christchurch, New Zealand, house and home study, this study argues that the qualitative ethnographic method used provides a more holistic approach to, and understanding of, the events and issues which influence household mobility over time. Within this context, the paper presents excerpts from interview data framed as ontological narratives and related stories embedded in social and economic contexts. Some of the themes identified are those of identity, home and place attachment, change and social differentiation, and the impact of gender relations on mobility decisions and experiences. These findings, like those in previous literature, are relevant to housing and planning policy making given the increasing diversity of residential developments and issues of access to social, financial and environmental resources. Understanding how individuals and families establish relationships between themselves and the places in which they live is important given increasingly divided and differentiated experiences of contemporary urban life.     

NEIGHBORHOOD SATISFACTION,EXPECTATIONS, AND URBAN REVITALIZATION

This study examines the role of residential satisfaction and expectations as determinants of neighborhood revitalization in a working class neighborhood. An extensive set of background and social-psychological factors are identified, and their effects on housing renovation and the wish to move are assessed. The findings suggest that renovation is a more complex activity than often portrayed with neither the objective characteristics of the neighborhood or the residents adequate as explanations for explaining revitalization. Only when combined with subjective indicators do they provide reliable guides for policy decisions.     

关于中国大城市居住结构优化的思考

运用居住结构的概念对中国大城市居住问题进行研究,结合我国大城市居住现状的特点,赋予中国大城市居住结构新内涵,包括就业与居住布局、公共服务设施和住房供应体系,并分析中国大城市居住结构存在的问题,从这三个方面对我国大城市居住结构的优化对策提出相关建议,分别是紧凑的就业与居住布局、均衡的公共服务设施和多层次的住宅供应体系,同时强调了公共住宅和非正式住宅在大城市居住结构中的必要性。     

Atlanta's Last Demolitions and Relocations: The Relationship Between Neighborhood Characteristics and Resident Satisfaction

Using data from an Atlanta-based longitudinal study following 311 public housing residents relocated between 2009 and 2010 as the city's housing authority demolished its remaining public housing, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between changes in relocated residents' satisfaction with home and neighborhood and the socioeconomic, racial composition, and crime characteristics of their destination neighborhood. Consistent with previous research, we find that residents moved to somewhat safer neighborhoods with less poverty than those of the public housing. In addition, we find that residents view their new homes and neighborhoods as improvements over public housing. However, subjective pre- to postmove changes in satisfaction are not driven by changes in neighborhood characteristics (i.e., reductions in poverty and crime), but rather by decreases in perceived social disorder and increases in community attachment. Thus, our findings challenge some of the assumptions of poverty deconcentration. Policy implications are discussed.     

从绿色住区标准看住区生态存在的问题

近10年来，随着我国城市化进程的加快，形成了大量的新型住区，虽然这些住区在相当程度上缓解了住房紧张的矛盾，但各地在土地资源和能源耗费等许多方面也付出了巨大的代价，在不少小区美丽的景观后面往往是住区生态的严重退化和居住大环境的破坏。从绿色建筑和绿色住区的标准入手，在场地与朝向、公建配套与停车以及景观规划诸方面，通过大量正反两方面的实例探讨了我国绿色住区规划建设存在的几个主要问题，并提出了解决问题的办法和措施。     

Residential decision-making and satisfaction among new suburbanites in the Tallinn urban region, Estonia

The prevailing research into suburbanisation in former centrally planned countries explains suburban change by referring to macro-level factors that are evident in the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. Findings show that in a neo-liberal environment, the public sector plays only a modest role in residential planning; the key players are developers and banks. This study takes a different approach by focusing on the micro-level factors that lead households to move from the city to new, post-Soviet suburban settlements, specifically in the Tallinn urban region of Estonia. A sample of data from the University of Tartu’s 2006 New Residential Areas Survey is herein analysed in order to ascertain the reasons for moving, the criteria used in the selection of a particular suburban settlement, and the subsequent levels of residential satisfaction. The results show that, for the period in question, housing adjustment moves were more prevalent than induced moves triggered by life-course changes. In addition, it was found that, generally, new suburbanites were satisfied with their housing and neighbourhoods. However, they were less satisfied with the provision of local services, especially when their new settlements lay at a distance from pre-transition settlements.     

Residential Mobility and Neighbourhood Outcomes

When households move they obviously weigh both the quality of the house and the quality of the neighbourhood in their decision process. But, to the extent that housing quality and neighbourhood quality are inter-twined it is difficult to disentangle the extent to which households are more focused on one or another of these two components of the choice process. This paper uses both cross-tabulations of the neighbourhood choices, and logit models of the actual choices, to examine the relative roles of neighbourhoods and houses in the choice process. The research is focused on the question of the extent to which households trade up in house quality, or neighbourhood quality or both, as outcomes of residential mobility. The research measures neighbourhood quality in both socio-economic and environmental dimensions. The study shows that many households not only move up in housing quality, but quite consistently also make gains in neighbourhood quality, often independently of gains in housing quality. Not surprisingly, the largest gains in neighbourhood quality are related to households who make the city/suburban transition in their housing moves. The research adds another dimension to the growing and extensive literature on neighbourhoods and their role in residential choice.     

Research on the Spatial–Temporal Changes of Regional Morphology of Residential Neighborhoods in County-Level Cities of China: Cases Studies on Qingcheng County,Wu’an City,Changxing County,Lianjiang County,and Jintang County

The extensive growth in most Chinese cities at the expense of local identities of living settlement. Taking the 60 residential neighborhoods in county-level cities of varied climate zones in China as examples, this paper explores their spatial–temporal changes and differences in morphology, based on 12 morphological indicators through Principal Component Analysis and correlation analysis by ArcGIS 10.2, SPSS 22, and Origin 2021. The results show that 1) the construction dating of the 60 sample neighborhoods conforms to the development of China’s housing reform; 2) the spatial morphology of residential neighborhoods in county-level cities of different climate zones could be charaterized by 5 factors, i.e. neighborhood shape, development intensity, neighborhood size, layout order, and aggregation degree; 3) the disparities in the spatial morphology of residential neighborhoods in the same climate zone in different period of time are mostly indicated with 3 morphological indicators, i.e. Building Density, Neighborhood Area, and Green Space Ratio; rather, the morphology of residential neighborhoods built during a same period of time varies largely between climate zones, mainly indicated with Green Space Ratio, Degree of Building Angle Disorder, and Degree of Building Distance Disorder; and 4) China’s housing policies, climatic conditions, residential building patterns, and the urbanization of each city together influence the spatial–temporal changes in the spatial morphology, offering references to policy making, planning, and construction to protect the regional characteristics in the future.     

The microclimates of a suburban Colorado (USA) landscape and implications for planning and design

The microclimates of a suburban Colorado residential landscape were studied to examine the effect of design decisions on temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. On a hot day typical of summer, vegetated landscape elements were several degrees cooler throughout the day than non-vegetated surfaces. Across the development, dry, native grass landscapes were warmer than irrigated greenbelts and irrigated residential lawns. These data demonstrate the importance of evapotranspiration as a cooling agent in the dry, semi-arid Colorado environment. Extended meteorological measurements throughout the summer suggested housing density created microclimatic differences in the development. Heat generated by built landscape elements was readily vented from a porous neighborhood but not in a denser neighborhood. This study demonstrates that in the semi-arid Colorado environment, the choice of planting material, the design of irrigated greenbelts within a community, and the density of housing all have important consequences in creating thermally-pleasing environments.     

Residential Perceptions and Housing Mobility in Scotland: An Analysis of the Longitudinal Scottish House Condition Survey 1991-96

This paper seeks to develop the evidence base for urban, neighbourhood and housing policies, that aim to increase neighbourhood satisfaction and reduce residential instability. Using the longitudinal Scottish House Condition Survey 1991-96, the paper examines whether residential perceptions are generally significant predictors of individual house moving intentions and behaviours, taking into account factors related to life cycle stage, employment, tenure and type of neighbourhood. The effect of specific residential perceptions on overall satisfaction with the home and neighbourhood is traced through moving intentions to actual moves over the 1991-96 period. Using a sample of matching respondents surveyed twice in 1991 and 1996, the paper also examines whether changed residential perceptions affect moving intentions. There is evidence that deteriorating neighbourhood perceptions increase the likelihood that an individual would consider a house move, while greater satisfaction with the home is associated with reduced moving intentions.     

住区邻里交往问题分析及对策

该文通过对住区邻里交往现状及问题的分析,结合调查提出了一些设计对策,以期从邻里交往的角度对住区规划与设计提供一定的借鉴。