投加悬浮填料对SMBR工艺的影响研究

通过试验考察了向SMBR中投加悬浮填料对系统除污效果、膜污染进程和混合液污泥浓度的影响。结果表明：投加悬浮填料可明显改善系统对COD的去除效果、延缓膜污染进程。在HSMBR中的溶解氧浓度为4～5mg／L、HRT为4h的条件下,当填料填充率分别为45％、20％和0时,系统对COD的去除率分别为75％、62％和56％;对NH3-N的去除率〉90％;膜清洗周期分别为40、36和24d。投加悬浮填料可明显降低反应器内的混合液污泥浓度,减少污泥产量。     

投加悬浮填料对平板膜生物反应器性能的影响

考察了平板膜生物反应器在同一运行工况下投加悬浮填料前后对生活污水中CODCr、NH3-N、TN、TP、色度及浊度的去除效果,探讨了投加悬浮填料对该反应器运行的影响。研究结果表明,投加悬浮填料后反应器对各指标的去除率均有所提高,尤其是TN、TP的去除效率提高明显,运行稳定性也有所提升。由此可见,投加悬浮填料能改善平板膜生物反应器对生活污水的处理效果和稳定性。     

橡胶粒投量对MBBF-MBR膜过滤特性的影响

以移动床生物膜-膜生物反应器(MBBF-MBR)为研究对象,控制反应器A区的橡胶粒投量固定,考察了B区橡胶粒投量对膜过滤特性的影响.试验结果表明,B区投加胶粒后,污泥颗粒粒径变小;当曝气强度为0.4 m3/h时,胶粒投量(7%～12%)越高,膜污染发展速率越缓慢;B区未投加胶粒时悬浮污泥和膜污染物中的EPS含量明显高于投加胶粒后的EPS含量;而胶粒投量分别为7%与12%时,两者的多糖和蛋白质含量变化不大;膜污染物中的多糖和蛋白质含量均高于反应器内悬浮污泥的量.因此,在膜生物反应器中投加适量橡胶粒可以减轻膜污染.     

不同填料对减缓A/O-HMBR系统膜污染的试验研究

为了考察投加悬浮填料与组合填料的2组缺氧/好氧-复合式膜生物反应器(A/O-HMBR)系统减缓膜污染情况,对2组反应器的跨膜压差(TMP)、膜面胞外聚合物(EPS)平均含量、填料表面EPS平均值以及各种膜阻力进行比较,结果表明投加组合填料相对投加悬浮填料更有利于降低A/O-HMBR系统膜污染速率。     

复合膜生物反应器的生物学研究

投加载体的膜生物反应器中同时存在附着生长和悬浮生长的微生物，对HSMBR系统的生物相进行分析，发现悬浮生长微生物中的大多数菌属在生物膜中也同样存在，这为微生物在附着相和悬浮相之间的转化提供了物质基础。此外，对反应器内微生物之间的相互关系进行了分析，对微生物的构成进行了探讨。     

膜生物反应器填料上微生物特性及其处理效果

在膜生物反应器中（MBR）加入泡沫填料,研究了MBR中微生物的作用机理及投加填料对反应器处理效果的影响.结果表明：填料的加入丰富了反应器的生物种类,提高了反应器的处理能力和稳定性,在填料的表面及内部形成了好氧层、过渡层和厌氧层,填料上特有的后生动物和厌氧细菌强化了对难降解有机物的分解;当反应器未加填料时MLSS值稳定,加入填料后附着其上的微生物不断生长、增殖,悬浮生物由于食料竟争而被抑制,致使MLSS值降低,缓解了膜组件的污染;填料内部出现的厌氧反硝化细菌把硝酸盐还原成亚硝酸盐和氮气,促进了氨氮的分解.     

活性污泥与悬浮填料膜生物反应器的膜污染比较

对活性污泥-膜生物反应器与悬浮填料-膜生物反应器的膜污染情况进行对比，结果表明两种反应器的除污效果无明显差别，但悬浮填料-膜生物反应器的膜污染情况较为严重。通过测定混合液的颗粒粒径分布及其比阻，说明了导致悬浮填料-膜生物反应器膜污染严重的原因是混合液中能堵塞膜孔的微小颗粒含量较高及混合液过滤性能较差。采取增大曝气强度和投加絮凝剂等措施可改善悬浮填料-膜生物反应器的膜污染程度。     

复合生物反应池+ClO2消毒处理医院污水

1　复合生物反应池及其特点在竖流式射流曝气池中投加ＳＮＰ型悬浮生物填料 (由特殊塑料和树脂制成的球形多孔载体 ,其上生物量可达 2 0ｋｇ ｍ3 ) ,使池中同时存在悬浮相微生物和附着相微生物 ,这样就形成了复合生物反应池。该反应池具有占地面积小、处理成本低、池内污泥浓度     

反应沉淀一体式矩形环流装置处理低C/N值污水

反应沉淀一体式矩形环流生物反应器(RPIR)具有污泥自动回流功能,有利于硝化菌及反硝化菌的截留和富集,且能够充分利用碳源。在常温下采用该工艺处理低C/N值城市污水,当进水COD为212~538 mg/L、C/N为2.6~10.8(平均为5.4)并控制反应区混合液的DO为1.0 mg/L左右时,就投加悬浮填料和不投加悬浮填料两种情况下的除污效果进行了对比。在HRT为4 h、MLSS为10 000 mg/L左右的条件下,当不投加悬浮填料时,反应器对COD、NH3-N和TN的平均去除率分别为84.8%、67.6%和42.3%,而投加悬浮填料以后,对这三者的平均去除率分别提高到89.9%、79.3%和63.8%,脱氮容量也从0.09提高到0.13,说明投加悬浮填料能够强化脱氮效率。     

投加悬浮填料改善活性污泥法硝化性能的试验研究

介绍了向暴气池中投加悬浮填料以改善暴气池硝化性能的试验研究。研究结果表明,投加悬浮填料可以降低曝气池的污泥负荷,改善活性污泥去的硝化性能。试验用悬浮填料适宜于微生物生长,生物膜活性强,填料比表面积大,生物膜量高达1g／个,易于流化,投加和更换方便,是一种极优的生物填料。在污泥负荷为0．021kgNH3-N/kgMLSS．d,NH3-N出水可达到国家排放标准。     

淹没式复合型MBR处理城市生活污水的效能研究

为了缓解缺水压力，在传统膜生物反应器（CMBR）的基础上开发出了一种新型城市污水处理回用工艺——淹没式复合型膜生物反应器（SHMBR），并考察了对城市生活污水的处理效果。试验结果表明，SHMBR可以在CMBR的基础上进一步提高生物量，并明显改善了对有机物和NH4^＋-N的去除效果。试验中对TN、TP的去除效果没有提高，原因可能是生物膜的厚度不够，没有在生物膜内部形成厌氧微环境。另外，SHMBR的除磷效果没有增强还可能与生物膜的SRT较长以及聚磷菌主要生活在活性污泥中有关。     

MBR的在线超声清洗效果及对混合液性质的影响

将超声波用于膜生物反应器（MBR）的在线清洗,考察了对膜污染的控制效果以及在线超声清洗对混合液性质的影响。结果表明,在线超声清洗对膜污染具有良好的控制效果,但会引起污泥总活性降低,平均污泥粒径减小,过滤性能变差;超声空化作用对硝化活性的影响要比对有机物分解活性的影响大;超声功率和超声时间对混合液的性质影响较大,超声功率越大或超声时间越长则对混合液性质的影响越显著。为避免混合液的性质过度恶化,在线超声清洗的功率不宜过大,每次清洗的时间以5 min左右为宜。     

Microbial community structure and dynamics in a pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor aerobically treating domestic wastewater under real operation conditions

A pilot scale submerged ultra-filtration membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used for the aerobic treatment of domestic wastewater over 9 months of year 2006 (28th March to 21st December). The MBR was installed at a municipal wastewater facility (EMASAGRA, Granada, Spain) and was fed with real wastewater. The experimental work was divided in 4 stages run under different sets of operation conditions. Operation parameters (total and volatile suspended solids, dissolved oxygen concentration) and environmental variables (temperature, pH, COD and BOD₅ of influent water) were daily monitored. In all the experiments conducted, the MBR generated an effluent of optimal quality complying with the requirements of the European Law (91/271/CEE 1991). A cultivation-independent approach (polymerase chain reaction-temperature gradient gel electrophoresis, PCR-TGGE) was used to analyze changes in the structure of the bacterial communities in the sludge. Cluster analysis of TGGE profiles demonstrated significant differences in community structure related to variations of the operation parameters and environmental factors. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) suggested that temperature, hydraulic retention time and concentration of volatile suspended solids were the factors mostly influencing community structure. 23 prominent TGGE bands were successfully reamplified and sequenced, allowing gaining insight into the identities of predominantly present bacterial populations in the sludge. Retrieved partial 16S-rRNA gene sequences were mostly related to the α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria and γ-Proteobacteria classes. The community established in the MBR in each of the four stages of operation significantly differed in species composition and the sludge generated displayed dissimilar rates of mineralization, but these differences did not influence the performance of the bioreactor (quality of the permeate). These data indicate that the flexibility of the bacterial community in the sludge and its ability to get adapted to environmental changes play an important role for the stable performance of MBRs.     

Influence of mixed liquor properties and aeration intensity on membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor at high mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations

This paper presents the results of 195 days of pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) experiments on settled municipal wastewater. Short-term and long-term thickening experiments were performed at a constant membrane flux of 30L/(m(2)h) to determine the impact of the following mixed liquor properties: colloidal material, soluble COD, soluble microbial products, extracellular polymeric substances, and viscosity along with aeration intensity on membrane fouling at high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations. The normalized permeability declined with increasing MLSS concentrations in all experiments and increasing the coarse bubble aeration intensity increased the permeability at a given MLSS concentration. Using a dynamic approach, this work demonstrates the importance of mixed liquor viscosity, which impacts the efficacy of the coarse bubble aeration, in sustaining membrane permeability. Over an extended thickening time period, a small increase in MLSS concentration and mixed liquor viscosity becomes more prevalent and leads to greater permeability decline at a given MLSS concentration.     

复合混凝剂对MBR工艺中污泥性能的影响研究

为了缓解MBR工艺的膜污染,向MBR工艺中投加复合混凝剂,考察了复合混凝剂对污泥性能的影响.结果表明,投加复合混凝剂可降低污泥比阻,明显增大污泥絮体的平均粒径、降低其分形维数,且污泥的可溶性微生物产物(SMP)含量也明显下降,这样有利于增强污泥的沉降性能、降低膜滤饼层的污染、增强膜表面的透水性.     

MBR在生活污水处理与回用中的应用

阐述了膜生物反应器（MBR）的分类及原理,总结出膜生物反应器较传统的活性污泥系统所具有的特点,重点介绍了膜生物反应器在生活污水处理领域的应用,从而达到较高的去除效果。     

复合式自生动态膜生物反应器处理表面活性剂废水

将动态膜技术与悬浮填料工艺相结合而构建了复合式自生动态膜生物反应器。采用该反应器处理表面活性剂废水,当悬浮填料的填充比为40％时,对浊度、COD、IJAS和NH3-N的去除率分别可达98％、95％、97％和94％以上。两边侧向曝气不仅能够加大膜面的错流流速,而且还使错向流分布得更加均匀,同时由于悬浮填料的摩擦作用,使得自生动态膜的增长较慢,保证了出水通量的稳定,延长了清洗周期。可见,该工艺适合于处理表面活性剂废水。     

投加粉末炭对SMBR过滤性能的影响

在相同的进水和运行务件下，考察和比较了生物活性炭一膜生物反应体系(BPAc—SMBR)与常规的活性污泥一膜生物反应体系(AS—SMBR)的膜过滤特性，并就粉末活性炭(PAC)对通量改善的相关机理进行了探讨。结果表明，添加1．2g／L的PAC可明显改善SMBR的过滤性能。与AS—SMBR相比。BPAC—SMBR的临界通量可提高32％；相同恒通量下的长期运行结果也表明BPAC-SMBR透膜压力的升高更为缓慢，其稳定运行周期可达到AS—SMBR的1．8倍；BPAC-SMBR的膜过滤总阻力比AS—SMBR的低约44％，其差别主要来自于滤饼阻力的减少。此外。还分析了混合液粘度、粒径分布等影响因素。     

Influence of operational conditions on the performance of a mesh filter activated sludge process

Recently, a new type of wastewater treatment system became the focus of scientific research, the mesh filter activated sludge system. It is a modification of the membrane bioreactor where a membrane filtration process serves to separate the sludge from the purified effluent. The difference is that a mesh filter is used instead of the membrane. Due to the much larger pore size of the mesh, the effluent is not of the same excellent quality as with membrane bioreactors. Nevertheless, it still resembles the quality of the now most widely used standard treatment system, where settling tanks are used to retain the activated sludge. At the same time, the new system features all the other advantages of membrane bioreactors including elevated sludge concentrations resulting in decreased volumina of basins and complete substitution of the settling tank. Therefore, this process presents a potential future alternative where a small footprint of the plant is required. However, so far only a few preliminary studies on this innovative process type have been done. In this paper, the effects of suspended solids concentration, flux rate as well as aeration rate on the effluent quality are discussed. Furthermore, the characteristic of the sludge floc was identified as a factor of vital importance. Therefore, another influencing parameter, the food to microorganism (F/M) ratio, which is known to have a significant effect on floc characteristics, was studied. The main result demonstrated that the process was very effective under most of the operation conditions. The suspended solids concentration in the effluent was below 12 mg l(-1), the average COD in the effluent was between 24 and 45 mg l(-1) and the BOD(5) was lower than 5 mg l(-1). High flux rates of up to 150 l m(-2)h(-1) were also achieved.