~(117)Sn~m标记HEDTMP的研究

合成了亲骨性的氨基膦类化合物HEDTMP（羟乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸），研究了^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）标记HEDTMP的条件、标记物的稳定性、亲脂性及在小鼠体内的分布。结果表明，^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）与HEDTMP在常温下反应5min即可形成标记率大于95％的配合物；酸度和配体量对溶液外观有较大的影响，但不影响标记率；^117Sn^m(Ⅳ）－HEDTMP的稳定性较好，属亲水性配合物。上鼠体内分布实验表明，配合物主要为骨骼提取，其它组织的摄取趋于本底。     

188Re间接标记单克隆抗体的研究

采用先标记后偶联的方法,以NHS－MAG3为双功能连接剂,研究了用^188Re标记单克隆抗体的各种实验条件,得到了最佳标记方法和偶联方法。标记抗体^188Re-NHS-MAG3-IgG体外稳定性良好。完成了^188Re-NHS-MAG3-GL3在小鼠体内的生物分布实验,结果表明该配合物在体内稳定性良好。     

~(188)Re-DTPA的制备及生物分布研究

以SnCl2·2H2O为还原剂,还原188ReO-4并与DTPA直接配合获得188Re DTPA,优化了标记反应条件;对188Re DTPA和Na188ReO4在正常小鼠体内分布进行了比较。实验结果表明,在最佳标记条件下,188Re DT PA的标记率大于95%;标记物体外稳定,经生理盐水稀释后,其稳定性下降。188Re DTPA在小鼠体内血液清除快,在甲状腺、胃及其它组织中的摄取率明显低于Na188ReO4,主要经肾脏通过尿液排出体外。     

153Sm配合物与牛血清白蛋白结合对骨摄取的影响

研究了NTMP（次氮三亚甲基膦酸），HEDTMP（N－（羟乙基）乙二胺基三亚甲基膦酸），DCTMP（1，2－环己二胺四亚甲基膦酸），EDTMP（乙基二胺基四亚甲基膦酸），DTPMP（二乙基三胺基五亚甲膦酸），DTPA（二乙基三胺基五醋酸）的^153Sm配合物在羟基磷灰石（HA）和I型骨胶原上的吸附及其在小鼠体内的骨摄取，观察到体内骨摄取与体外骨模型吸附性能的差别。在对上述6个^153Sm配合物与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的结合性质研究中观察到，^153Sm配合物与BSA的结合性对其骨摄取过程有重要影响，并解释了^153Sm配合物体内骨摄取与体外骨模型吸附不一致的原因。     

~(153)Sm-TTHMP的合成及在小鼠体内的分布

制备了三乙烯四胺六甲撑膦酸（TTHMP）的^153Sm标记物，研究了其标记条件、体外稳定性、化学计量组成、兔SPECT骨扫描及在小鼠体内分布。结果表明，在pH＝7．0－8．5时，高配体时有助于标记物的形成；标记物稳定性高，7d内放化纯度基本保持不变；本实验条件下制备的标记物的化学计量组成为n（^153Sm）：n（TTHMP）＝1：1，兔骨骼显像和小鼠体内分布表明，标记物主要为骨骼系统摄取。     

153Sm-HEDTMP的标记及小鼠体内分布研究

制备了经乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸(HEDTMP)的^153Sm标记物，研究了标记物的标记条件、体外稳定性、化学计量组成、免SPECT骨扫描及小鼠体内分布。结果表明，弱碱性介质、高配体量有助于标记物的形成，中性、弱碱性介质和高配体量有利于标记物的稳定，实验条件制备的标记物的化学计量组成为^153Sm：HEDTMP=1：1，免骨显像和小鼠体内分布表明标记物主要由动物骨铭系统摄取，是非常有希望的骨肿瘤缓解治疗剂。     

~(99)Tc~m-膦混配配合物的制备和生物分布

合成了一个N3S配体（MVNM）和4个膦配体，并以配体交换法在室温下制备了^99Tc^m－MVNM，然后分别与4个膦配体发生混配反应，得到放化纯大于90％的^99Tc^m－MVNM－膦混配配合物。小鼠体内的生物分布实验表明，该类混配配合物有一定的心肌摄取。     

~(117)Sn~m(~(188)Re、~(153)Sm)-EDTMP的制备及在小鼠体内的生物分布比较

本工作通过合成得到配体EDTMP,制备出标记率较高的117Snm(188Re、153Sm)配合物。对3种配合物的体外稳定性、亲脂性进行了考察;对其生物分布作了初步探索,评价了188Re-EDTMP、117Snm-EDTMP作为骨肿瘤治疗药物的可能性。结果表明,3种配合物都易于被骨摄取,但188Re-EDTMP的体内稳定性较差,容易被洗脱,需要进一步改善;与已用于临床应用的153Sm-EDTMP相比,117Snm-EDTMP的小鼠体内分布与其趋势比较一致,在靶组织(脑骨和四肢骨)上的浓集率较高,显示出可用于骨系统疾病治疗的可能性,有进一步研究的价值。     

188Re-HEDTMP 的合成及生物分布研究

在合成HEDTMP（羟乙基乙二胺三甲撑膦酸）的基础上，采用SnCl2作还原剂制备了其^188Re标记物。研究了标记物的兔SPECT骨扫描及在小鼠体内分布。结果表明，标记物骨显像良好，兔四肢、脊柱和颅骨图像清晰；小鼠体内分布表明，药物主要由小鼠骨骼摄取，其它组织的摄取率低，血清除快；通过与常用的骨肿瘤治疗剂比较，发现合成的标记物是非常有希望的治疗药物。     

^117Sn^m-DTPMP的制备及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

合成了具有亲骨性的氨基膦酸配体二乙基三胺基五亚甲基膦酸（DTPMP），制备了^117Sn^m（Ⅳ）-DTPMP，并研究其稳定性、亲脂性以及在小鼠体内的生物分布。结果表明，^117Sn^m（Ⅳ）-DTPMP的制备方法简单，稳定性好，亲水，标记率〉95％；在小鼠体内的生物分布表明，^117Sn^m（Ⅳ）-DTPMP的靶向摄取率即骨摄取率较高，注射1h之后达（22．26±2．02）％ID／g，是一种极具潜力的新型放射性药物。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.