基于Sallen—Key滤波器的核脉冲成形电路研究

将sallen-Key滤波器应用于核脉冲信号的成形中,采用较少的级数就可以达到准高斯波形的输出,文中仿真了基于Sallen-Key滤波器的滤波成形电路的特性,并给出了最佳的滤波器参数,采用宽带高速运算放大器设计和实现了该电路,通过实验测量证明了该电路的优越性.     

基于采样定理的核信号数字高斯滤波成形研究

核能谱分析仪中,常采用模拟滤波成形电路处理探测器的输出信号,以满足后级电路对信号波形的需要并滤除噪声。由模拟电路实现的高斯成形系统,改变成形参数必须对硬件进行调整,灵活性及稳定性均不理想。为实现数字滤波成形,根据模拟Sallen-Key高斯滤波成形电路,推导出模拟高斯成形系统的冲激响应;再根据采样定理推导出了数字高斯成形系统的冲激响应。用该数字高斯成形系统对实测核脉冲信号进行处理的结果显示,数字核脉冲信号被滤波成形为准高斯信号,为核脉冲信号数字滤波成形的实现提供了一种新的实现方法。     

基于Multisim的核信号仿真与高斯成形研究

核信号的仿真与处理对核电子学电路的研究与核仪器的研发工作具有重要意义。在Multisim平台上通过对电压脉冲信号源与电流脉冲信号源的处理,模拟产生核脉冲信号,再设计相应的CR-(RC)~m与多级Sallen-Key电路,对模拟产生的核脉冲信号采用上述设计的电路实现其高斯成形。通过改变电路设计的参数,输出CR-(RC)~2、CR-(RC)~3,两级与四级Sallen-Key电路的高斯成形,通过与理论研究相比较,表明该研究取得较满意的效果,对核电子学电路设计、核仪器研发、与核信号处理具有一定的指导意义。     

核脉冲信号滤波成形电路的数字化研究

核脉冲信号的滤波成形电路用于改变脉冲形状、提高核谱仪器系统的信噪比,从而获取更佳的性能指标。从极零相消电路与Sallen-Key电路的工作原理出发,推导了基于数字极零相消、数字Sallen-Key在时域中的成形递推函数,分别获取其在Z域中的传输函数,在频域中对其滤波性能、幅频响应特性进行了分析。对仿真核信号,采用数字极零相消、数字高斯成形递推函数模型,实现不同参数下的极零相消与高斯成形处理。对SiPIN探测器测量~(55)Fe和NaI探测器测量~(137)Cs的核脉冲信号,实现了数字极零相消、不同参数下的数字高斯成形处理,从时域与频域两个方面对结果进行了分析,研究成果可应用于核脉冲信号极零相消、滤波成形参数的最优化选取。     

基于USB接口的多通道准高斯型脉冲信号发生器设计

设计了一种基于USB接口可编程的16通道准高斯型脉冲信号发生器。利用高速模拟开关电路产生模拟脉冲信号,DAC用于调节脉冲信号的幅度,RC网络以及运算放大器组成的成形电路决定脉冲信号的前后沿变时间,通过FPGA来编程控制模拟开关的通断和DAC的输出,利用USB接口实现PC机的通信和控制,最终输出16通道的准高斯信号。经测试,实现了预期的功能和要求,输出脉冲幅度大小可调,且各通道输出一致性很好,其积分非线性均小于0.7%,可用于大型粒子物理实验前端电子学的性能测试、校准检测等工作。     

数字核脉冲信号高斯成形方法实现与对比分析

数字核脉冲信号的高斯成形,由于其实现简单、综合性能良好被广泛应用于数字核谱仪系统中。本文从Sallen-Key与CR-RC~m电路的工作原理出发,推导了基于数字Sallen-Key与数字CR-RC~m在时域中的高斯成形递推函数,分别获取Z域中的传递函数,并对其幅频响应进行了分析。对实际采样核脉冲信号,分别采用数字Sallen-Key与数字CR-RC~m的递推函数实现了其高斯成形,随着成形参数的增加,成形结果越趋近于高斯形,成形脉冲也越宽。基于Si-PIN探测器测量55Fe射线源,获取不同高斯成形方法、不同成形参数下的能谱,结果表明:数字Sallen-Key表现出更好的能量分辨率性能,而数字CR-RC~m表现出更好的计数率性能。     

基于正比计数器的核脉冲整形电路设计

运用自主研制的正比计数器对环境中气态氚进行取样测量,针对该探测器设计了一种基于二阶有源低通滤波电路的脉冲整形电路,采用高速运算放大器实现了核脉冲的滤波整形,用较少的级数进行滤波即得到准高斯波形.利用Multisim10.0软件对滤波电路的不同参数进行仿真测试,仿真结果与理论结果相符合.通过实验证明了该电路的可行性,同时...     

四通道低噪声GEM探测器前端读出ASIC设计

介绍了一种用于多层GEM探测器的低噪声前端读出ASIC芯片.针对CEM探测器输出信号特点,设计了电荷灵敏放大器、极零相消电路和准高斯成形电路,并对其噪声指标、成形时间等设计指标等参数进行分析.     

核电子学滤波电路数字模拟分析研究

文章对几种常见的核电子学滤波电路进行了数字模拟分析。利用拉普拉斯方法,得到了CR、R-C以及极零相消电路的输出函数,并通过Matlab模拟了负指数输入信号时的不同输出信号。在此基础上,模拟了低通S-K滤波成形电路的输出信号。结果表明,模拟得到输出信号与实际电路的输出信号具有相同的波形特性,该方法可以应用于核电子学滤波电路的分析。     

用于个人剂量测量的硅探测器信号处理电路的设计

介绍了一种用于个人γ剂量测量的微型硅探测器的信号处理电路的设计,讨论了PCB(印制电路板)设计中应注意的问题。该信号处理电路主要包括前置放大电路、滤波成形电路和极-零相消电路,前置放大电路采用了电荷灵敏前置放大器,滤波成形电路采用了CR-RC滤波成形网络。设计的信号处理电路PCB面积仅有10 cm2,对于0.662 Me V的γ射线,信号处理电路的输出信号的信噪比达到了50:1,输出脉冲幅度达到了1.5 V左右,输出信号之后没有明显的下冲现象,其性能可以满足用于个人剂量测量的要求。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

正~~     

Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.