几种不同元素与45~#钢混合的耐蚀性比较

离子束混合对金属耐蚀性影响的研究已屡见报道。该技术以其固有的特点正引起人们的重视。已有一些报道肯定了它对金属腐蚀研究的作用。 4S~#钢是一种用途广泛的碳素钢。本文用离子束混合技术将Cr、Ti、Mo和Cr+Ni等元素分别引入其基体,企图形成不同的表面新合金,以观察其对基体腐蚀性能的影响。用线性极化法评价各试样在充气的3％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率;在0.5mol/1 H_2SO_4和3％NaCl溶液中分别测试了各试样的阳极极化曲线,比较了它们在这两种介质中的电化学行为。     

强脉冲离子束辐照混合陶瓷/NiCoCrAlY热障涂层研究

为提高高温合金的工作温度,一般在其表面涂覆由粘结过渡层和陶瓷隔热层构成的热障层.热障层的热稳定性决定了高温合金部件的寿命.为延长由部分稳定的ZrO2/NiCoCrAIY合金构成的热障层的服役寿命,采用强脉冲离子束对它们的界面进行辐照处理.本工作研究了不同参数的强脉冲离子束(IPIB)对不同厚度结构的靶的辐照混合效应,通过一系列分析测试研究,发现合适参数的IPIB辐照能够有效地在界面形成混合层,从而改善热障层在高温氧化环境中的高温耐久性.其中采用峰值能量300 keV,脉冲宽度65 ns,峰值流强密度250 A/cm2的IPIB单脉冲辐照后的样品获得最好效果.对其原因做了分析,认为在界面处形成特定元素分布的混合层在高温氧化条件下既能形成完整的保护层,又改善了层间晶格和热胀系数失配,减小了失配热应力,从而提高了热障层在高温氧化条件下的稳定性.     

小型压水堆严重事故下一回路承压管道蠕变预测分析模型开发

一回路承压管道蠕变是压水堆核电厂严重事故重要现象之一。针对小型压水堆,本文基于SCDAP/RELAP5程序开发了严重事故分析模型,利用实验拟合方法得到了一回路主管道(SA321)、自然循环式蒸汽发生器传热管(00Cr25Ni35Al Ti)两种材料蠕变预测分析模型,改进了SCDAP/RELAP5程序蠕变预测分析功能模块,并通过假想事故序列验证了SA321、00Cr25Ni35Al Ti蠕变预测分析模型的合理性。为后续开展小型压水堆严重事故下一回路承压管道蠕变规律研究提供基础参考。     

U-Mo合金γ相稳定性研究

研究了U-Mo、U-Mo-X（X＝Ti、V、Si）合金及U-Mo/Al、U-Mo-X/Al扩散偶界面层的γ相稳定性,探讨了合金元素和退火工艺对γ相稳定性的影响。结果表明：Mo含量越高,U-Mo合金的γ相稳定性就越高;U-6.5Mo-0.5Si合金的γ相稳定性较高,是因为U Si混合焓较低,但加入Si易导致形成USi_x脆性相;而U-6.5Mo-0.5Ti和U-6.5Mo-0.5V合金的γ相稳定性较差,是因为Mo在Ti、V体系内具有较低的混合焓,易形成固溶体或金属间化合物,导致γ相贫Mo;随着退火温度从500℃升高至600℃,γ相发生共析分解,扩散层的γ相数量减少,α相增多,α相成为Al的快速扩散通道,促使形成UAl₄、UMo₂Al₂₀和U₆Mo₄Al₄₃等富Al相。     

Ti_3SiC_2、Ti_3AlC_2在LiF-NaF-KF熔盐中的腐蚀行为研究

研究了三元层状化合物Ti3SiC2、Ti3AlC2在熔融LiF-NaF-KF盐中的腐蚀行为,探索其腐蚀机理及抗腐蚀性能。研究发现,这两种MAX相材料在熔融FLiNaK盐中的腐蚀表现为A元素的溶解,进而形成腐蚀产物TiCx。数据表明,Ti3SiC2表现出比Ti3AlC2更好的抗腐蚀性,Ti3AlC2中的A元素Al几乎全部溶解,而Ti3SiC2中A元素Si溶解只发生在表层及浅表层。从理论分析和微结构表征方面对实验现象进行了解释,并且针对由六方Ti3AlC2转变为立方TiCx提出了相应的机理。     

Al-Si共晶合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的相容性研究

用粉末冶金法制备了Al-Si共晶合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢反应堆扩散偶。采用电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）D究了扩散偶在560℃和650℃时的相容性及扩散层形成机理。结果表明，扩散温度对两种材料之间的相容性有显著影响；650℃时，Al-Si共晶合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti之间通过浸润和扩散反应形成了比较明显的扩散层。XRD谱也表明，扩散层中存在Fe2Al5化合物；560℃时Al-Si共晶合金与1Cr18Ni9Ti之间仅发生固相反应，形成的扩散层很薄，二者相容性较好。     

多层W-Cu和Ta-Cu系统离子束混合的温度相关性

近年来,离子束混合的碰撞理论已基本建立起来,并发展了碰撞混合的计算机模拟。离子束混合过程中,化学效应可能会起着重要的作用。从一系列的实验结果中可以发现,碰撞混合理论与实验结果有较大的差别。对过渡金属/Si系统,发现一个Q—曲线规律,即在金属-Si的混合层中金属原子的数量(Q)随衬底温度倒数变化的曲线。由此,人们相信低温下碰撞混合机制起主导作用,而在较高温度(500℃以上)下,辐射对增强扩散     

NiW／γ—Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫活性和EXAFS研究

评价了具有不同Ni/(Ni W）原子比的NiW/γ－Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫活性，对硫化态催化剂进行了EXAFS表征。结果表明，Ni(Ni W)原子比为0．23的催化剂表面上WS2颗粒最小，有利于形成Ni-W-S加氢脱硫活性相，其反应活性最高。     

Ni/Si体系离子束混合及相变研究

注入参量变化引起不同的混合结果,在宽温区中得到Ni_2Si、NiSi、NiSi_2多种化合物相,进而探讨了Xe离子诱导的Ni/Si体系界面原子混合机理及诱发相变的动力学过程。     

用掠入射XAFS方法研究Ti/Ni/Ti纳米薄膜的界面结构

在上海光源BL14W1线站建立了掠入射XAFS(GI-XAFS)方法,利用GI-XAFS方法并结合X射线反射(XRR)研究了直流磁控溅射方法生长在W/Si基底上的Ti/Ni/Ti纳米薄膜的界面结构随Ni层厚度的变化.结果表明,随着薄膜厚度的增加,Ni/Ti界面层间的相互扩散有所增加,Ni层厚度为5 nm时,Ni/Ti界...     

贮氢金属多层膜制备技术及吸氢性能研究

研究了用电子束蒸发方法在Mo底衬上制备Ti-Ni复合膜和在SiO2底衬上制备Mo-Ti-Ni复合膜的方法,用离子束分析方法测量了各膜层的厚度,并对样品的吸氢性能进行了分析。研究发现,Ti膜表面镀Ni后,其吸氢温度降低,吸氢总量增加,表明其吸氢活性增强;Mo-Ti-Ni复合膜在Ti氢化后与SiO2底衬结合良好,并具有较高的强度,但这种膜对底衬的清洁度要求更高;50nm的Ti膜难以吸氢,原因可能是膜制备过程中温度过高,导致Mo-Ti-Ni之间扩散加深,形成相对过厚的过渡层,这还需进一步研究。     

Cross-section for D(p,p)D elastic scattering from 1.8 to 3.2 MeV at the laboratory angles of 155° and 165°

The D(p,p)D cross-sections for elastic scattering of proton on deuterium over incident proton energy range from 1.8 to 3.2 MeV at both laboratory angles of 155° and 165° were measured. A thin solid state target Ni/TiD_x/Ta/Al used for cross-section measurement was fabricated by firstly depositing layers of Ta, Ti and Ni film on the Al foil substrate of about 7 μm in turn using magnetron sputtering and then deuterating under the deuterium atmosphere. The areal density of metal element in each layer of film was measured with RBS analysis by using a 4.0 MeV ⁴He ion beam, while the areal density of the deuterium absorbed in the Ti film was measured with ERD analysis by using a 6.0 MeV ¹⁶O ion beam. The results show that the cross-sections of p-D scattering under this experimental circumstance were much enhanced over the Rutherford cross-section value. It was found that the enhancement increases linearly as the energy of the incident beam increases. The total uncertainty in the measurements was less than 7.5%.     

COMPETING REACTIONS OF EXISTING Ni SILICIDE AND Ni OR Si INDUCED BY THERMAL ANNEALING AND MeV Si ION BEAM MIXING

The competing reactions between existing Ni silicides surrounded by Si and Ni were investigated by thermal annealing and MeV Si ion beam mixing. With high energy irradiation, the energy deposition at both interfaces, Ni/Ni silicide and Ni silicide/Si, is equal. Two MeV He~- RBS and TEM were used to obtain the reacted layer composition and epitaxial orientation, respectively. Also glancing angle Co K_a. X-ray diffraction was utilized to identify phase formation. The main results indicate that the existing silicides preferentially react with Ni layer, and that there are pronounced differences of Ni silicide phase transition between thermal annealing and MeV Si ion beam mixing, even though the mixing was performed in radiation enhanced diffusion regime. The results can be explained in term of the heat of silicide formation and surface energy change.     

MD simulation of atomic displacements in pure metals and metallic bilayers during low energy ion bombardment at 0 K

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of 100 eV Ar ion bombardment of (1 0 0) Ni and Al crystals, of bilayer crystals consisting of an Al (or Ni) layer on a (1 0 0) Ni (or Al) substrate, as well as pseudo-isotope bilayer crystals have been performed at 0 K using tight-binding potentials. For these systems sputtering yields, energy deposition with depth, atomic relocations, production of ad-atoms, depth distributions of vacancies and interstitials per ion impact were studied for times up to 7 ps. We observed that both the mean square displacement of atoms and defect production (vacancies, interstitials and ad-atoms) are larger in pure Al than in pure Ni. In addition, we observed for the bilayer systems Al/Ni and Ni/Al a high number of the near surface atomic relocations; especially ion bombardment induced exchange processes between atoms of the 1st (Al or Ni) and of the 2nd (substrate) layer. Potential energy calculations indicate that such relocations between the 1st and the 2nd layer are in both bilayer crystals energetically favourable. Both Al/Ni and Ni/Al bilayers show considerable higher production of ad-atoms as the pure Al and Ni targets. Typically ad-atoms are from the first layer, but in the Ni/Al bilayer system we found a substantial amount of Al ad-atoms from the 2nd layer (first Al layer). They contribute more to the ad-atom number than 1st layer Ni atoms. The mean square displacement of atoms in Al/Ni and Ni/Al crystals increases considerably during the thermal stages of the cascade evolution while it is almost constant in the case of the pure Al and Ni. Finally we observed that the maximum kinetic energies of atoms in the cascade volume after 4 ps are lower in the Ni and Al/Ni crystals than in Al and Ni/Al crystals, reflecting the lower cohesive energy of Al as compared to Ni. Calculations with pseudo-isotope bilayer crystals were performed to elucidate the influence of mass or potential on the observed effects.     

离子束轰击涂层(BDC)对钢材耐海水腐蚀的影响

本文介绍了离子束轰击扩散涂层(BDC)对20~#钢和2Cr13钢耐海水腐蚀的影响。通过人工海水全浸腐蚀实验及电化学性能测试,获得了2Cr13 Cr Ni的表面混层的耐海水腐蚀能力与1Cr18Ni9Ti的耐蚀能力相当的结果。     

Experimental Study on Fabrication Technique of a Ni/Ti Supermirror using the Electron Beam Evaporation System

Basic study on the fabrication technique of a Ni/Ti supermirror using the vacuum evaporation system with an electron gun has been carried out to improve the neutron reflectivity.

The substrate roughness dependency to the reflectivity was investigated using polished glass floats with different surface roughnesses using neutron reflectometry. It was concluded that the substrate roughness in the order of several sub-nanometers was very sensitive to the neutron reflectivity of the Ni/Ti supermirror. The reflectivity was improved to 80% for the Ni/Ti supermirror with an effective critical angle of 2 times that of natural nickel using fine polished glass substrate with a surface roughness of 0.51 nm rms.

The effect of oxidizing Ni and Ti layers to the neutron reflectivity, which were deposited by changing the oxygen gas conditions in the chamber, was investigated. The oxidation effect prevents the deformation of the Ni/Ti supermirror structure, and the reflectivity shows an increase of almost 20% for the Ni/Ti supermirror with an effective critical angle of 2.6 times that of natural nickel by depositing in an atmosphere of oxygen gas with a partial pressure of 1 × 10^?5 Torr.

From the depth profile by X-ray photoelectron measurement (XPM) and neutron reflectometry results, it was concluded that the reflectivity increase by oxidation mentioned is caused by decreasing the interface roughness and the interfacial diffusion between Ni and Ti layer, and it is not caused by forming a NiO compound which increases the scattering potential of the Ni layer.     

离子束处理精密微型轴承滚珠的俄歇电子能谱和电子衍射分析

用离子束动态混合技术将Ｔｉ和Ｎ两种离子同时注入φ１．５７－１．６０ｍｍ的精密微型轴承滚珠。用俄歇电子能谱和电子衍射分析分别检验了注入离子在基体内的纵向分布和在球表面的均匀性。在辅助沉积Ｎ离子的能量为１００ｋｅＶ、注入剂量为３×１０＾１７ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ＾２的条件下，混合区宽度达１４０ｎｍ以上，同一球面的不均匀度〈１３％，球间的不均匀度〈１５％。表明在适当工艺条件下，对这种精密部件采用离子束表面优化改     

离子束混合改善钢铁试样耐磨性能试验

在几种钢铁试样上进行了离子束混合改善耐磨性能的试验，发现一些试样的耐磨性能有大幅度提高（４－１５倍），通过Ｘ射线衍射分析，发现这些试样表现出现了新的化学成分Ｔｉ２Ｎ、ＴｉＮ、ＴｉＣ等。     

Ta离子注入Ti6Al4V合金的抗腐蚀性能

用注量为1.2×1016、3×1016、1.5×1017、3×1017、4.5×1017/cm2的Ta离子对Ti6Al4V合金进行表面改性,加速电压为146.5 keV。Ta离子注入后,用动电位极化曲线研究其抗Hank’s溶液腐蚀性能,用小角掠射X射线衍射研究其表面物相结构,用X射线光电子能谱分析其腐蚀样品的表面元素化合态。结果表明,Ta离子注入改善了Ti6Al4V合金抗Hank’s溶液腐蚀性能,但试样的腐蚀电流密度并非随Ta离子注量增加而单调减小,试样表面合金层、单质Ta和氧化物,共同形成腐蚀阻挡层,提高其抗腐蚀性能。