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核与非核攻击型潜艇动力装置比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
20世纪90年代预算的削减使美国海军在保持能够应对较零散和不太确定的威胁的潜艇力量方面陷于困境。美国在终止“海狼级”核动力潜艇的建造后,又开始努力确定一种多用途的、并且是目前紧缩的预算可以承担得起的潜艇。与其现有的柴,电舰船相比较,许多欧洲国家已经转向,把不依赖空气(AIP)的、非核动力推进系统作为提高其舰队效力的一种方式。通过评价并将两种AIP和一种混合推进系统与现有的核动力系统的潜在能力进行比较,可以有助于我们确定下一代潜艇的方案。本文试图提供能够使用的与任务框架相关的设计及其费用的资料,为所要求的任务确定最好的系统:明天的潜艇将执行各种各样的任务。几乎所有的任务都能由核动力潜艇很好地执行,但是其成本怎么样呢?本文的主题是对这些性能/成本进行比较。 相似文献
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小型模块化反应堆(简称小堆)结构材料具有种类繁多、来源广泛和格式多样等特点。基于现代信息技术及大数据背景,结合小堆结构材料数据的特殊性,从材料数据管理角度出发,设计构建了一个覆盖小堆结构材料全生命周期的专用数据管理系统,实现从碎片化数据获取到海量数据集成、处理并融合的转变。整个系统不仅实现了自定义数据库设计,还实现了小堆结构材料全生命周期数据的管理和应用,满足用户数据查询、数据检索、可视化分析等多种需求,有利于推进小堆结构材料数据管理向规范化、智能化发展。同时该数据管理系统突破了多尺度材料数据管理技术瓶颈,增强了材料数据的安全性和可靠性,为数字化小堆研发设计提供了重要支持。 相似文献
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当前小堆从设计研发阶段正逐步推向市场应用。小堆自身特点和设计理念与传统大型核动力堆不尽一致,这对我国当前的法规标准的优化和改进提出了挑战。文章介绍了法规标准在小堆方面的安全要求,分析了当前小堆发展的法规标准存在的共性问题,并提出了我国法规标准支持小堆发展方面的优化和改进建议,可供我国核电行业法规标准后续建设进行参考。 相似文献
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民用小堆因单位功率下的蒸汽发生器(SG)汽空间偏小,稳压器容积和SG传热管内径偏大等特点,会引起蒸汽发生器传热管破裂(SGTR)事故快速满溢。本文采用RELAP5程序对民用小堆SGTR事故开展了优化措施研究,并提出极限单一故障下防止SG发生满溢的工程可行方案,即增加SG高水位排放液体的溢流管线或提高二次侧设计压力且同时增加自动的安注闭锁信号,保证在事故过程中蒸汽发生器不满溢和放射性排放满足限值要求。在民用小堆专设设备基本不变的前提下,针对系统进行了优化,极大地提升了安全性,为民用小堆设计改进提出了工程可行方案。 相似文献
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核电磁脉冲通过天线耦合到潜艇的通讯、导航等电子系统中,会对电子系统产生冲击甚至物理损害。针对潜艇天线所处的不同状态,分析了天线对核电磁脉冲的响应,计算了天线中的感应电流强度和天线收集的能量数值,为防护措施的开展提供了依据。 相似文献
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从50年代中期起,美国海军首先将核反应堆成功地装备在潜艇上,随后,(原)苏、英、法等国也相继发展了核潜艇,从而为潜艇的发展翻开了新的一页。本文简要介绍上述四个国家潜艇核动力技术近40年的发展过程、路线、方针和特点。 相似文献
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本文依据核潜艇核事故的特点和规律, 着重介绍了核潜艇发生核事故时艇内、艇外医学应急救援及辐射防护工作的开展要点, 同时关注该类人群的心理问题。 相似文献
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1985年8月10日,前苏联E-2级核潜艇K-431号在换料过程中发生反应堆临界爆炸燃烧事故。事故导致10名工作人员死亡。本文基于事故当时的气象资料以及对我国不利的气象等两种条件,利用HYSPLIT程序,就此次事故源项对我国的潜在辐射影响进行了评价,结果显示两种气象条件下事故对我国境内产生的最大个人有效剂量均为10^(-5) mSv量级。虽然此次事故对我国的辐射影响较小,但是类似的威胁需要引起重视,相关的监测研判体系需要加强。 相似文献
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运用MC法模拟14 MeV快中子进入沉积物后的物理过程,得到了不同深度下沉积物中子能谱分布,分析了0~1 eV中子在沉积物中横、纵向分布规律以及含水率与Cl~-浓度对中子分布的影响,探讨了模拟条件下0~1 eV中子扩散的最大深度范围。结果表明:沉积物含水率对中子能谱分布和0~1 eV中子横、纵向分布均有显著影响,进行中子活化的最佳深度为2 cm处;0~1 eV中子扩散的最大深度范围为20~40 cm;海水中Cl~-浓度对中子吸收有影响但影响不显著。 相似文献
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Hasan M. KHAN Ijaz A. BHATTI 《核技术(英文版)》2007,18(1):26-29
Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence (TL) is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities (TL1) than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves (TL2). The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve (TL1/TL2) was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results (comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves), all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified. 相似文献
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LIU Xiuhua XU Yunshu ZHONG Zhijing FU Yibei DENG Yi 《核技术(英文版)》2007,18(1):59-64
Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn (11). When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight. 相似文献