沥青针入度的衍生指标探讨

通过变换沥青针入度的试验条件,获得了不同时间、不同贯入荷重下的针入度分布图,并对其进行了沥青性质的条件敏感性分析。结果表明,沥青针入度相对于贯入时间、荷重的变化曲线均具有一定的蠕变变化特点,满足双对数拟合变化关系;由“针入度与贯入时间”曲线衍生出的截距（C1）与两种沥青混合料性能指标具有较好的相关性;由“针入度与温度”曲线得到的“稠度不变温度”与沥青的低温性能具有良好的相关性,具有沥青和混合料性能上的评价意义。     

四种道路沥青针入度-黏度模型的分析与比较

介绍了四种道路沥青的针入度-黏度模型,以12种道路沥青为研究对象,采用表征沥青温度敏感性的粘温指数对四种模型的计算结果进行了分析和比较。结果表明:尽管各模型建立的方法不同,但是用来计算针入度对应的黏度值,并结合高温黏度回归得到的粘温指数结果基本一致。中、低温黏度的确定扩大了沥青温度敏感性的表征范围,更能反映沥青的实际使用情况。     

浅谈沥青的针入度指数

选用不同温度下的针入度回归计算针入度指数（PI）来表征沥青的感温性，由于PI的直接误差来源为针入度，因此不仅分析了沥青针入度测定过程可能影响沥青针入度结果的因素，而且进一步分析了针入度试验误差、计算PI的针入度一温度点数、所选测定针入度的温度范围对PI的影响。结果发现，影响PI的因素较多，而沥青的组成及结构对各因素的影响不容忽视。     

针入度试验对沥青针入度指数的影响

考察了沥青针入度测定温度范围对针入度指数（PI）的影响，以及在沥青针入度试验方法精密度允许范围内，沥青针入度的重复性和再现性偏差对PI的影响。结果发现，沥青针入度试验温度范围不同，可以导致回归PI不同；针入度值即使是在试验误差允许的范围内产生的波动都会对PI产生较大的影响；计算PI所用的针入度一温度测试点数不同，对计算出PI间的离散性产生较大影响。     

道路沥青材料针入度与温度的关联及其数学模型的验证

很多文献研究针入度的对数与摄氏温度的线性关系用于评价沥青中温的温度敏感性的有效性,却鲜有人对其线性关系是否是表征针入度与温度关系的最优关系提出质疑.张小英最新研究得出针入度的对数与绝对温度对数之间的关联最适合表征针入度与温度之间的关系,并用10个沥青产品建立了针入度与温度之间的数学模型.本研究采用34个沥青产品不仅验证...     

名词解释

1.温度敏感性(Temperature Susceptibili-ty)沥青材料的物理力学性能随温度变化而变化的性质叫温度敏感性,俗称感温性,与此相似的名词还有温度稳定性。良好的路用性能意味着要求温度敏感性小,它是沥青材料流变性质中重要的性质之一。沥青的温度敏感性常用针入度温度指数、针入度指数、针入度粘度指数、粘温指数等表示。沥青混合料的温度敏感性主要取决于沥青本身,它可用劲度模量总曲线的斜率或劲度模量温度关系曲线等方式表示。     

沥青密度与针入度之间的关系

本试验研究了沥青的密度与温度和针入度之间的关系。A原油生产的AH-30、AH-50、AH-70、AH-90、AH—110五种沥青用于关联密度与温度、密度与针入度之间的关系。B原油生产的AH-50,AH-60,AH-90,AH—110四种沥青用于验证针入度与密度之间的关系。研究得出：沥青的密度与温度呈直线关系。不管测定密度的温度与测定针入度的温度是否相同,针入度的对数与沥青的密度都呈直线关系。对来源于同-种原油的沥青,温度与密度回归方程的斜率相同。密度与针入度的对数回归方程的斜率和截距呈直线关系。     

我国几种道路沥青流变特性的初步研究

用滑板微粘度计和旋转粘度计测定了在25-130℃间我国几种100号针入度级道路沥青的粘度和50-135℃间胜利油田单家寺粘稠原油不同针入度级沥青的粘度;研究了沥青粘度与剪切率、粘度与温度的关系,为我国沥青粘度分级提供了依据.     

针入度测量对针入度指数的影响研究

通过采取三点、四点和五点测量温度点数和不同温度区间的针入度数值研究其对针入度指数计算结果的影响,以及针入度测量重复性误差和再现性误差对针入度指数结果的影响,表明选择不同温度点数和不同温度区间以及针入度测量误差对回归计算的针入度指数结果有较大差别。可以将五点测量温度简化为四点测量温度点数;针入度测量再现性误差在规定的9%～11%误差范围内,计算的沥青针入度指数值将是无效的计算结果。     

针入度对室温的敏感性与PI或PVN的关系

选用国内最具代表性的８种沥青，按照国际（ＧＢ／Ｔ４９０５）对针入度进行测定，通过平行实验和重度性试验，探讨了针入度对室温的敏感性与ＰＩ或ＰＶＮ的关系。     

网络结构理论在沥青改性研究中的应用

利用了网络结构理论解释了LDPE以及GMA-g-LDPE分别改性秦皇岛基质沥青、中海36-1基质沥青的软化点、低温延度、针入度指数以及高温稳定性随着改性剂含量变化而变化的规律。红外光谱研究表明，LDPE改性沥青体系中LDPE与沥青二者属于溶涨没有发生任何反应，GMA-g-LDPE改性沥青体系中GMA所含的C=O 的特征吸收峰仍然存在，但907.69cm - 1有环氧基吸收峰消失了，说明GMA-g-LDPE的侧链环氧环与沥青中的官能团发生了反应而形成网络结构。     

直馏和氧化工艺制备硬质沥青性能对比分析

硬质沥青具有良好的高温抗变形能力，在我国温热地区高等级路面结构中正在逐步推广应用。对硬质沥青常用的加工工艺进行了介绍，对采用直馏和氧化两种工艺制备的硬质沥青产品，采用我国针入度分级方法和美国SHRP沥青路用性能规范对其高低温性能进行了对比评价。结果表明采用氧化工艺生产的硬质沥青，其高温性能优于直馏工艺生产的沥青；两种工艺生产的硬质沥青的低温性能差别不大。     

石油沥青老化性能研究

采用薄膜烘箱（TFOT）在不同时间、不同温度下对五种代表性的沥青进行老化。通过对老化前后沥青的质量变化、针入度比、粘度比、沥青质含量的比较得到了五种沥青在不同条件下性质变化规律,提出了用质量损失表征抗老化性能和用延长薄膜烘箱试验时间模拟长期老化的不适宜性。     

(阿尔巴尼亚)塞拉内兹湖天然沥青改性加德士沥青的路用性能评价

采用湿法工艺,以阿尔巴尼亚塞拉内兹湖天然沥青为改性剂对加德士70号沥青进行了改性,分析了改性沥青的性质;以改性沥青为胶结料,进行了AC-13型混合料的拌制、检测。结果表明,与基质沥青相比,改性沥青针入度降低、软化点升高、表观黏度增大、高温等级提高而低温性能基本不变;动稳定度提高,车辙深度降低,冻融劈裂强度比增强,高温稳定性和水稳定性提高。     

PREPARATION OF HEAVY PAVING ASPHALT BY BLENDING-OXIDIZING ANSHAN VACUUM RESIDUE AND THE EVALUATION OF ITS PAVING PERFORMANCE

In this paper, various brand heavy paving asphalts conforming to GB/T15180-94 standard have been prepared by blending-oxidizing Anshan vacuum residue, and their pavement performances have been evaluated. The laboratory test shows that the prepared AH-70 and AH-90 has the characteristics of good temperature susceptibility, good high-temperature stability and good low-temperature cracking resistance. The mathematic model of the relationship between penetration, softening point of the asphalt and the blender content has been set up and, the relationship between penetration, softening point and the oxidation time has been found. Those mathematic models built by gradual regression of the experiment data can be used to determine the adding amount of the two blenders. Fan daobo experiential equation, which described the relationship between softening point of the paving asphalt and its compositions, has been corrected and the corrected equation is more suitable for the prepared paving asphalts than Fan daobo experiential equation.     

PREPARATION OF HEAVY PAVING ASPHALT BY BLENDING–OXIDIZING ANSHAN VACUUM RESIDUE AND THE EVALUATION OF ITS PAVING PERFORMANCE

ABSTRACT

In this paper, various brand heavy paving asphalts conforming to GB/T15180-94 standard have been prepared by blending–oxidizing Anshan vacuum residue, and their pavement performances have been evaluated. The laboratory test shows that the prepared AH-70 and AH-90 has the characteristics of good temperature susceptibility, good high-temperature stability and good low-temperature cracking resistance. The mathematic model of the relationship between penetration, softening point of the asphalt and the blender content has been set up and, the relationship between penetration, softening point and the oxidation time has been found. Those mathematic models built by gradual regression of the experiment data can be used to determine the adding amount of the two blenders. Fan daobo experiential equation, which described the relationship between softening point of the paving asphalt and its compositions, has been corrected and the corrected equation is more suitable for the prepared paving asphalts than Fan daobo experiential equation.     

Studies on Nigerian Crudes. II. Physical Characteristics and Rheological Properties of Residual Asphalts

The characteristics of some residual asphalts samples obtained from Nigerian medium and heavy crudes were studied using ASTM/IP standard tests. The residual asphalts were compared with industrial solid grade asphalts and cut back samples. Penetration and softening point tests performed on the treated samples showed that some of these samples fall within the range of road paving asphalts while sample having a low temperature susceptibility was found to be of better than the solid grade asphalt. The rheological behavior of an asphalt sample was investigated using a rotational viscometer. The sample showed a complex non-Newtonian character with structural breakdown as temperature is raised above its softening point. The study further confirmed the suitability of Nigerian medium crudes for the production of road paving asphalts.     

塔河原油特性及其沥青产品性能评价

简要讨论了塔河原油及其渣油的主要性质，并分别通过传统方法和SHRP方法对塔河原油制备的道路沥青和聚合物改性沥青进行了性能评价。结果表明，塔河沥青具有软化点和针入度指数高的特点。SHRP方法评价表明，尽管塔河沥青老化前后的低温延度低，但是在具有较高的抗高温变形能力前提下，能够保持优良的低温抗裂性。与其它原油制备的改性沥青相比，塔河原油制备的SBS和SBR改性沥青，具有独特的高、低温性能和更低的感温性。     

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GULF ASPHALTS

The neat asphalt samples collected from the different asphalt producing refineries in the Gulf countries were subjected to two aging processes to simulate heating, mixing and compaction, and in service aging. The asphalt samples of the different aging stages were subjected to physical and chemical tests. The measured physical and consistency properties were used to calculate various temperature susceptibility indices. Corbett analysis, Ion exchange chromatography, HP-GPC, and FT-1R analysis were used to study the effect of aging on the molecular nature of asphalts.