基于PEMFC热管理工况的长效低电导率冷却液性能及应用

<正>氢能是一种清洁高效、来源丰富的二次能源，在车载、船用、固定式发电等多场景下均有广阔的应用前景。这些场景中利用氢能的核心设备为氢燃料电池（PEMFC）。本文分析了PEMFC的工况特点及其对冷却液性能的要求，介绍了长城HFC氢燃料电池冷却液性能、技术指标和应用情况，给出了氢燃料电池冷却液的“中国石化方案”。     

质子交换膜燃料电池氢源技术进展

论述了目前国内外质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)氢源技术现状及几种为质子交换膜燃料电池提供氢源的主要途径,并对各种氢源技术进行了简要总结.     

车载燃料电池移动制氢机浅议

介绍了PEMFC电动汽车氢源的特点 ,系统地综述了国内外车载制氢机的研究现状 ,剖析了制氢机的发展趋势 ,包括原料的多样化和车载制氢机多燃料化 ,制氢工艺的多样化 ,制氢机的轻型、紧凑化 ,着重阐述了汽油制氢及其微通道反应器 ,指明了制氢机发展方向。     

2004-2006年三届国际燃料电池会议论文简介

根据2004年至2006年举行的第二届至第四届国际燃料电池会议论文介绍了此领域当前的发展动向,重点讨论了PEMFC降低成本、延长寿命及提高运行温度的努力;DMFC克服甲醇从阳极穿越至阴极的途径;高温燃料电池造气工艺中的直接内重整与间接内重整;降低SOFC运行温度的努力以及DCFC中生产碳燃料的方向等。     

想想"地主"看看太阳

每当太阳从东方升起,在地球上生存的每一个人,又都会开始新一天的生活。“眼睛一闭一睁,一天过去了;眼睛一闭不睁,一辈子过去了”,噢,人生真是苦短啊! 说起人生之苦和世道之难,感叹不已。今年不知怎么搞的,苦和难好像一个个排着队涌来。核弹竞赛真来了,恐怖袭击加剧了,飞机空难重演了,地震频率加快了,山体滑坡厉害了。暴风骤雨更猛了,能源争夺空前了,空气污染天昏了,股市行情难猜了,房价居高不下了,今年夏天热坏了,就连酒后驾车的人也多多了。嘿,怎一个“了”字能了得？     

新型油罐液位自动控制系统原理分析及PID校正

通过分析油罐内油品液位对油品质量和安全的影响,介绍了一种新型液位自动控制系统及其工作原理,建立了系统的数学模型,绘制了系统的结构图,对系统状态进行了选择,对系统性能进行了分析,通过PID控制器对系统进行校正,改进了系统的稳态和动态性能.     

抽油杆修复技术的改进与应用

为解决原有抽油杆修复技术存在的弊端,提出了抽油杆修复技术的改进方法。改进后的修复线可以拆除扶正器,提高了修复率,增加了抽油杆材质分选工序,降低了修复成本;可以安装扶正器,杜绝了抽油杆偏磨;采用常温低压清水清洗技术,增加了表面除锈工序和淬火前的探伤工序;采用机械化的拧扣工序,提高了抽油杆的淬火综合性能,实现了杆头过渡段自动探伤和抽油杆防腐的自动化,降低了工人劳动强度,提高了经济效益。     

可用于射孔弹的冲击片雷管及其性能分析

针对现有射孔弹中敏感电雷管存在的安全性问题,指出了将冲击片雷管用于射孔弹的一系列优点.从该雷管的结构出发,分析了起爆机理,建立了金属箔起爆模型,针对具体的桥箔材料、尺寸和起爆电路参数,计算了起爆时间和起爆电流.在此基础上,研制了起爆电路,对起爆电流进行了测试,给出了消除测量噪声的相关措施.根据理论计算与实测结果,分析了该雷管的安全性及其用于射孔弹中的优越性.     

江汉油田特种车辆设备润滑方案的研究与应用

针对江汉油田井下作业公司特种车辆设备不同润滑部位的润滑要求,编制了特种车辆设备润滑图册,确定了润滑监测方案,建立了润滑监测动态体系,最终确定了特种车辆设备的润滑方案。润滑方案的实施提升了特种车辆设备的润滑效果,降低了润滑故障率,减少了润滑维护成本及润滑油消耗量,取得了良好的效益。     

水源井数字化建设在合水油区的应用与优化

文章介绍了水源井数字化建设的主要设备及其功能。在合水油区的应用中,水源井的数字化管理实现了现场设备无人值守,大大降低了工人的劳动强度,稳定了产水量,降低了水源井的故障率,延长了设备使用时间,达到了节能节电效果。针对水源井数字化建设存在不能监测到水位的不足之处,安装了水源井水位监测系统,同时与水源井自动控制仪并接起来,并将采集的水源井水位数据在站控电脑上显示,完善了数字化功能,优化了系统。     

Emission characteristics of water-emulsified diesel fuel at optimized engine operation condition

The present study is carried out to analyze the emission characteristics of a natural aspirated diesel engine running with water-in-diesel emulsion fuel at optimized engine operating condition. In the first phase of the experiment, key engine operating parameters say compression ratio and water concentration with diesel are optimized in order to obtain higher performance and lower emissions level at all loading conditions using Taguchi-grey relational analysis based on signal-to-noise ratio and grey relational grade. The optimized condition of engine operating parameters is identified as 10% WC (water concentration) with diesel and 18-CR (compression ratio) at all loading conditions. In the second phase, experiments are conducted at optimal condition and the emission characteristics are compared with neat diesel. The results reveal that 10% WC with diesel at 18-CR exhibits better NO_x emission level at all loading conditions with a marginal penalty in other emissions.     

THE EFFECT OF GASOLINE FUEL TYPE ON SI ENGINE NITROGEN-OXIDES AND CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS UNDER PART-LOAD OPERATING CONDITIONS

Six different gasoline blends with different antiknock agents and aromatics content were investigated for its influence on SI engine nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emissions at part- load operating conditions. The six fuel types used were leaded gasoline with 0·5 g Pb/1, commercial unleaded gasoline, unleaded synthetic gasoline and its blends with different proportions of methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBE l10, 15 and 20 vol%). A four- stroke, four- cylinder, spark- ignition Regata engine (type 138 B 3.000) was used for conducting this study. The exhaust gases were analyzed for nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emitted at part-load operating conditions for the speed range of 1000 to 3000 rpm. The results of this investigation have shown that blending unleaded synthetic gasoline with ethers such as MTBE reduces the aromatic content of the fuel. The 20 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide emissions of all blends used at part load condition. On the other hand, the 10 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest nitrogen-oxides emission of all blends at part-load condition. The carbon monoxide concentration in engine exhaust differs between increase and decrease at part-load condition when fuel aromatics content increases. It was also found that as the gasoline aromatics content increases in the blend, the nitrogen-oxides concentration in engine exhaust increases. So, substitution of MTBE for the higher aromatics gasoline blends may help improving state environment and air quality.     

THE EFFECT OF GASOLINE FUEL TYPE ON SI ENGINE NITROGEN-OXIDES AND CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS UNDER PART-LOAD OPERATING CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT

Six different gasoline blends with different antiknock agents and aromatics content were investigated for its influence on SI engine nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emissions at part- load operating conditions. The six fuel types used were leaded gasoline with 0·5 g Pb/1, commercial unleaded gasoline, unleaded synthetic gasoline and its blends with different proportions of methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBE l10, 15 and 20 vol%). A four- stroke, four- cylinder, spark- ignition Regata engine (type 138 B 3.000) was used for conducting this study. The exhaust gases were analyzed for nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emitted at part-load operating conditions for the speed range of 1000 to 3000 rpm. The results of this investigation have shown that blending unleaded synthetic gasoline with ethers such as MTBE reduces the aromatic content of the fuel. The 20 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide emissions of all blends used at part load condition. On the other hand, the 10 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest nitrogen-oxides emission of all blends at part-load condition. The carbon monoxide concentration in engine exhaust differs between increase and decrease at part-load condition when fuel aromatics content increases. It was also found that as the gasoline aromatics content increases in the blend, the nitrogen-oxides concentration in engine exhaust increases. So, substitution of MTBE for the higher aromatics gasoline blends may help improving state environment and air quality.     

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目前，有关各类电池的研究正在世界范围内迅猛开展，并已经取得了惊人的进步，而天然气作燃料应用于固体氧化物燃料电池则具有很大的发展前景。考虑不同操作条件、气体组成和电池微观结构的影响，建立了用于分析固体氧化物燃料电池发电特性的数学模型；浓差极化的计算采用尘气模型，用来描述多组分气体在多孔电极内的扩散过程；活化极化采用Butler-Volmer方程，欧姆极化遵循欧姆定律，采用MATLAB编写程序；进而结合计算结果讨论了阳极厚度、温度等对电池发电性能的影响，并与实验值进行了比较。     

海上油田主电站原油发动机调试用燃油选择方法

基于西江23-1油田开发工程实践,总结出了海上油田主电站原油发动机调试用燃油选择方法。西江23-1油田原油发动机调试结果表明,所选重油运动粘度、密度、CCAI(计算碳芳香性指数)值、水含量、残炭含量等特性参数与原油发动机的运行状态指数对应良好,也验证了调试用燃油选择及选择方法的正确性。所介绍方法可为海上相关工程技术人员对原油发动机进行调试、使用和维护提供方便,也可为船舶主推动力重油发动机、电站重油发动机工程技术人员在燃油使用选择上提供参考。     

喷气燃料加氢装置开工及试运行总结

某公司由0.90 Mt/a 催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫装置改建成的0.40 Mt/a喷气燃料加氢装置于2018年首次开工,一次投料成功。通过调整操作参数,得到了喷气燃料加氢的适宜工艺条件。对装置试运行期间存在的喷气燃料产品腐蚀与闪点无法稳定达标的问题进行了原因分析。通过采取降低汽提塔进料温度和塔顶温度、提高塔顶压力和投用塔底氮气汽提等措施,使产品腐蚀指标不稳定、闪点偏高的问题得到了有效解决。     

喷气燃料临氢脱硫醇RHSS技术的工业应用

采用石油化工科学研究院开发的喷气燃料临氢脱硫醇（RHSS）专利技术，建设一套冷高压分离器操作压为1．3MPa的1.0Mt/a直馏喷气燃料加氢装置，在缓和工艺条件下生产出符合GB6537－94质量标准的3号喷气燃料，该技术流程简单，投资省，加工费用低。     

延迟焦化炉的数学模拟Ⅲ.焦化炉的模拟计算

给出了焦化炉模拟计算的框图和实例，并就烟气流动的回流比、燃料燃烧模型、操作条件、影响传热诸因素进行了讨论。计算结果和实测数据基本相符，表明数学模型是可靠的，程序有一定的通用性。     

Quantifying the Efficiency Advantages of High Viscosity Index Hydraulic Fluids

1 IntroductionAll industries face a steadilyincreasing demand for i m-proved profitability and efficiency.In the field of hy-draulics,this has led to the design of mobile hydraulic sys-tems which run at higher pressure with s maller pumps andoil reservoirs.Today,standard systems operate at300bars,and next generation designs are expected to reach500bars.Increasing pressures and reduced fluid volumes resultin higher fluid operating temperatures:80℃is quite com-mon for mobile equipment,with peak…     

渤海某油田透平发电机组供气流程优化与效果分析

渤海某油田燃料气处理系统为透平发电机组提供燃料气,为了提高供气稳定性,通过优化流程运行参数,提高海管运行压力,调整流程控制模式,升级应急处置程序,成功实现了在不影响富余气外输的前提下,利用天然气海管为主机燃料气扩容增储的目的,延长了应急工况下透平发电机组燃气模式运行时间,降低了透平发电机组的燃油费用和油田发生非计划性关停的风险。