常压下石油馏分蒸馏曲线换算的数学模型

对常压下石油馏分的实沸点蒸馏曲线与平衡汽化曲线以及恩氏蒸馏曲线与平衡汽化曲线的换算图表进行了回归,同时总结了文献中已有的常压下各蒸馏曲线的换算模型,从而建立了一套完整的常压蒸馏曲线换算模型,该模型可用于双向计算。误差分析表明该模型具有可靠的计算精度。选取实测数据对该模型进行验证,结果表明新模型的计算值与实测数据吻合较好,计算准确性优于文献模型。     

石油馏分的假组分处理方法

本文提出了一种从馏分恩氏蒸馏数据和总体密度对石油度馏分进行假组分切割和物性估算的方法。该方法用显式关联直接将恩氏蒸馏转换成实沸点蒸馏数据和计算出馏分斩中平均沸石，然后用积分法切割假组分。文中给出了数值计算步骤和例题。     

我国主要原油的三种蒸馏曲线的关联

本文报道了由我国的大庆胜利、华北原油及其馏分油共35个油样分别进行实沸点蒸馏、恩氏蒸馏、平衡气化试验,另外,还对184种油样分别进行实沸点蒸馏和恩氏蒸馏试验,在此基础上回归得到三种蒸馏曲线相互换算的算图及相应的计算公式.     

重油蒸馏曲线的延伸

介绍了为延伸石油实沸点蒸馏曲线对分子蒸馏数据进行处理的关联式和模型,并采用分段讨论的方法对重油蒸馏曲线进行了合理准确地描述。当石油馏分常压相当温度AET≤565℃时,分别采用ASTM D2892及ASTM D5236方法绘制蒸馏曲线;当565℃AET≤700℃时,使用分子蒸馏实验方法结合FRAMOL数学关联式绘制该区间蒸馏曲线,且分子蒸馏所得蒸馏曲线与ASTM方法所得曲线有较好的连续性;当AET700℃时的石油组分在现有设备及技术条件下很难蒸发,应使用合理的数学模型并根据AET≤700℃蒸馏曲线回归数学模型中系数,外延得到完整的蒸馏曲线。通过以上方法,可相对经济、准确地得到重油蒸馏曲线,并作为流程模拟依据。     

利用Riazi-Daubert经验式修正和推导石油馏分迁移性质的计算式

利用Riazi-Daubert经验关联式,对文献发表的原油和石油馏分动态表面张力计算式进行了修正,修正后的公式能应用于工程设计.开发了两种计算在低压下石油馏分导热系数的经验方法,所需参数少,准确性较高,计算简便,可用于不同种类石油馏分的计算.     

国产石油馏分闪蒸预测中基团贡献法的应用

通过对大庆、克拉玛依原油,胜利、大庆、辽河和新疆原油小于350℃馏分,以及胜利、辽河和新疆原油大于350℃重馏分汽液平衡（平衡闪蒸温度与汽化率）预测的考察,表明采用正构烷烃模型分子-UNIFAC基团贡献法预测国产石油馏分平衡闪蒸是可行的,其计算方法较SRK模型简单,所需物性数据少,占机时少,预测准确性优于或与SRK模型相当,能够满足工程计算要求。     

连续热力学方法计算石油馏分饱和蒸气压

用三次样条函数描述石油馏分实沸点蒸馏曲线，将连续热力学方法引入石油馏分饱和蒸气压的AP计算式，其结果经大庆、胜利和新疆等原油馏分饱和蒸气压试验数据的检验，优于经典的虚拟组分法。     

利用状态方程计算石油馏分相平衡的连续热力学方法

对石油馏分的相平衡计算，传统的方法是采用虚拟组分，利用状态方程进行求解。针对石油馏分组成复杂，沸点互相重叠交叉严重的特点，提出了直接利用馏分实沸点蒸馏曲线作为分布函数进行混合物相平衡计算的连续热力学方法。     

分子蒸馏与高真空釜式蒸馏对比

以常压渣油为原料,采用分子蒸馏和高真空釜式蒸馏分别对其进行窄馏分切割,得到8个窄馏分蜡油和1个减压渣油馏分。通过计算馏分油的收率绘制蒸馏曲线,并对馏分油的密度、折光率、平均相对分子质量、运动黏度等性质进行了对比。结果表明,在相同馏出温度下,分子蒸馏所得馏出物的收率大于高真空釜式蒸馏,前者350~540℃蜡油收率较后者增加2.22个百分点。随着馏程提高,采用2种蒸馏方法得到的窄馏分蜡油的密度、折光率和平均相对分子质量均增加,三者变化规律相似。     

常压塔顶的温度控制在95℃,而常压塔顶汽油的干点又为125℃,是什么道理?

由于常压塔顶产物是以饱和蒸汽的状态馏出的,所以常压塔顶温度控制95℃系表示常压塔顶产品汽油蒸汽在油汽分压下平衡汽化的露头温度。而常压塔顼汽油的干点为125℃,则是表示在常压下恩氏蒸馏的干点。在这里我们可以看出,前者相当于该汽油平衡汽化的露点温度,而后者是恩氏蒸馏(属于渐次汽化)的干点,这两者在汽化方式(一次汽化和渐次汽化)以及温度点的含义(露点和干点)上均是不同的,两者不能混淆。为了说明问题,下面简单介绍关于一次汽化、渐次汽化、露点、干点等的名词概念。     

我国6种主要原油及其直馏馏分3种蒸馏曲线的关系

根据我国大庆、华北、胜利、孤岛、中原和克拉玛依６种主要原油及其馏分油３种蒸馏过程实测的６４组平衡闪蒸数据，实沸点蒸馏及馏程试验各２０９组实测数据，提出了适合６种油的３种蒸馏换算式２１个，及相应的６张算图，算式中除３个式子外，其余１８个算式绝对平均偏差均低于ＡＰＩ图表偏差。     

常压塔塔板数的计算

应用派基曲线图计算常压塔塔板数，并介绍了计算程序。对派基留曲线的主要参数，即各侧线产品混合物的ＡＳＴＭ蒸馏５０％馏出温度，及其计算方法作了介绍。     

Azeotrope formation in gasoline–ethanol blends. Part 1 – Impact of nonionic on E10 distillation curve

Blending 10?vol% of ethanol into hydrocarbon base gasoline (HBG) increases significantly the vapour pressure of the blend (E10), and exhibits near-azeotrope behaviour that severely affects the shape of E10 distillation curve. The distillation curves of HBG and E10 fuel blend, were constructed using ASTM D86 distillation data, and the areas under each distillation curve, were calculated through the numerical trapezoid rule (NTR) and calculus definite integration (CDI) methods. Consequently, the area due to azeotrope formation (ADAF), was estimated. In this paper, we present the impact of small concentration of nonionic surfactant on the area under distillation curve (AUDC) of E10 fuel blend and the area due to azeotrope formation (ADAF). Also, the influences of the added surfactant on the volatility criteria of the investigated E10 fuel blend were discussed.     

工业气相色谱的模拟蒸馏技术在汽油馏程分析中的应用

气相色谱的模拟蒸馏技术要点是 :采样量少 ;程序升温 ;毛细管柱分离样品 ;得出样品各组分保留时间与沸点的校准曲线 ,符合ASTM D2 887 72T标准。将该标准转化为GB 2 2 5 77的标准 ,应用于汽油的馏程分析。     

调合汽油恩式蒸馏数据的预测模型

通过对某炼油厂的单一油品和调合油品进行蒸馏试验,利用文献报道的单一油品馏程模型和体积线性加和的方法预测多种油品调合汽油的恩式蒸馏数据;利用LM方法求解上述单一油品模型的参数,并对模型参数进行相关性分析;利用黄金分割法求解调合油品的恩式蒸馏数据,通过对比调合后油品的模型数据和实验数据来验证模型的可预测性。结果表明,模型具有较好的拟合程度,参数具有较高的可信度;恩式蒸馏试验馏程模型预测值与实验值的差值基本在±3 ℃区间内。因此,可以认为利用该方法预测调合油品的蒸馏数据具有可行性。     

ASTM D-5307 and ASTM D-7169 SIMDIS Standards: A Comparison and Correlation of Methods

TBP curves are essential in process simulators of the refining industry, particularly for the heaviest fractions of crude oils. ASTM D-7169 and ASTM D-5307 are standards used in simulated distillation analysis for fast characterization of these fractions. In this report, correlations to convert data from the first one to the second-mentioned standard are reported. These correlations were obtained from our analytical laboratory and pilot plant experimental data, gathered so far.     

Distillation Yields from Blending Cabinda Crude Oil and Oman Crude Oil

Abstract

The blending optimization of Cabinda and Oman crude oil was investigated to provide a consistent and optimal feedstock to refinery operations. The distillation yields < 520°C and products' distribution were studied by equilibrium-fresh vaporization (EFV) method. The results revealed that the optimal blending ratio of Cabinda and Oman crude oil was 7:3, the distillation yield before 520°C was 73.90%, 3.87% higher than the theoretical distillation yield. Relationship of distillation yields, kinematic viscosities (50°C), and surface tension (25°C) showed that the change of kinematic viscosities and surface tension were contrasted with the change of distillation yield, and meanwhile, the diesel fraction output was comparatively increased during blending distillation.     

制备氯代环己烷的反应精馏耦合工艺研究

建立了将气液鼓泡反应器与精馏塔相耦合的新型反应精馏小试装置,进行了环己烷氯化反应合成氯代环己烷的工艺研究,测定了反应精馏塔内的浓度和温度分布,考察了通氯量和回流量对环己烷氯化反应精馏的影响。反应器中氯代环己烷的摩尔分数控制在20%以下,副反应可以得到很好的抑制。在适宜的操作条件下,环己烷的转化率可达99%以上,氯代环己烷的收率可稳定在90%以上。提出的工艺方案可为工业装置设计提供参考。     

Extending the true boiling point curve of a heavy crude oil by means of molecular distillation and characterization of the products obtained

Petroleum is evaluated by means of the true boiling point (TBP) curve, making possible to investigate the yields of the products that will be obtained in refineries, as well as establishing operating strategies and process optimization. Refineries determine TBP curves until 838 K. With molecular distillation the TBP can reach values up to 973 K. Molecular distillation shows potential in the separation, purification, and concentration of products. Eta residue is fractioned and the TBP of the whole crude oil is extended. Products of the distillation were characterized by density, SimDis (simulated distillation), and molar mass. Results showed that density and molar mass of the cuts obtained increase as the process temperature increases. These analyses confirm the efficiency of the separation method by molecular distillation.