用于环境监测的气敏元件开发研究

以纳米级 Sn O2 为气敏材料制作了气敏元件 ,以无机试剂为前驱原料加入少量适当的溶胶形成助剂 ,采用溶胶 -凝胶法制备了纳米级 Sn O2 .通过研究不同掺杂量和不同加热条件下这类气敏元件对几种还原性气体的灵敏度和选择性 ,为开发用于环境监测的新型高灵敏度和高选择性的气敏元件提供技术数据 .     

纳米NiO的合成及其气敏特性研究

采用常温沉淀法制备出纳米NiO粉体,经过TEM和XRD研究表明,制备的NiO粉体为纳米级.通过研究纳米NiO气敏元件的气敏性能发现,该元件对HCHO,CH3OH,C2H5OH,TMA气体都有响应,且响应-恢复快.     

两步氧化法制备纳米ZnO及其气敏性能研究

采用H2O2对纳米Zn粉进行两步氧化,制备出不同的纳米ZnO气敏元件．物相结构和形貌表征结果表明：650℃热氧化2h后纳米Zn粉已经完全氧化成纯相ZnO,预氧化阶段,纳米Zn粉在H2O2中的比例为20g／L时,针状氧化物生长最为茂密．气敏性能测试表明：纳米Zn粉在H2O2中比例为20g／L时制备的气敏元件对苯、甲苯、二甲苯的灵敏度最高,其在320℃处的灵敏度分别达到9．9,11．8,13．     

Ru-ZnO气敏材料的敏感特性研究

采用化学沉淀法合成了纯ZnO微粉.用纯ZnO微粉为基料采用浸渍法合成了Ru-ZnO气敏材料,并以Al2O3微粉为基料合成了Au,Ag,Pd,Pt,Ru或Rh等贵金属附载型催化剂,最后通过分步复合的方法制得了Al2O3/Ru-ZnO双层膜气敏元件.通过对样品的静态气敏测试发现:Ru-ZnO的气敏性能优于ZnO,而催化涂层的施加则可以改善Ru-ZnO对汽油、乙醇和丁烷的气敏选择性,从而获得实用化的选择性检测元件.Ru-ZnO气敏材料的敏感特性研究@徐甲强$郑州轻工业学院化学工程系@胡平$郑州轻工业学院化学工程系@秦建华$郑州轻工业学院化学工程系@谷书华$郑州轻工业学…     

纳米CuO材料的甲醛气敏性研究

采用化学沉淀法制备出纳米CuO气敏材料,利用静态配气法测试了CuO的气敏性能.结果表明,在纳米CuO材料中掺入适量Ag2O后,使CuO对甲醛的气敏性得到很大改善,灵敏度和选择性都得到了提高.     

导电微纳纤维复合纱的制备及其气敏特性

为开发高质量的气敏传感器,利用水浴静电纺丝法制备以涤纶(PET)为芯纱,聚酰胺6(PA6)纳米纤维为包覆层的微纳纤维复合纱(MNY),基于原位聚合方法对MNY进行连续导电处理,制备微纳米纤维复合纱/聚苯胺(MNY/PANI)复合导电纱,以此作为气敏元件,同时将相同参数下制备的PET/PANI复合导电纱也作为气敏元件进行对照,探究不同结构纱线之间气敏效果的差异。研究结果表明：MNY具备良好的皮芯结构,经导电处理后MNY表面均匀分布了聚苯胺颗粒,MNY/PANI的电导率最高可达7.53 S/cm;相比于PET/PANI气敏元件,MNY/PANI气敏元件因其纳米结构的高比表面积对NH₃的灵敏度更高,能表现出更好的响应-恢复效果,重复性和稳定性更好,已初步具备了作为优良气敏元件的条件。     

掺杂纳米NiO粉体材料的气敏性能研究

采用固相研磨法对纳米NiO粉体气敏材料进行掺杂,用静态配气法测试了掺杂后材料对还原性气体的气敏性能.结果表明:掺杂WO3可以明显地提高纳米NiO的检测灵敏度,且随着掺杂量的增加,灵敏度提高显著.     

掺杂SO2-4对In2O3电导和气敏性能的影响

用超声分散浸渍法制备了掺杂SO2-4的In2O3半导体气敏材料, 并对其电导和气敏性能进行了研究.结果表明: SO2-4的掺入改变了N型半导体In2O3材料的导电性能;少量SO2-4(w(SO2-4)≈2%)的存在,能提高材料的比表面积和表面吸附氧On-2量,187 ℃下对乙醇有较好的选择性和灵敏度.     

掺杂SO4^2-对In2O3电导和气敏性能的影响

用超声分散浸渍法制备了掺杂SO2-4的In2O3半导体气敏材料,并对其电导和气敏性能进行了研究.结果表明:SO2-4的掺入改变了N型半导体In2O3材料的导电性能;少量SO2-4(w(SO2-4)≈2%)的存在,能提高材料的比表面积和表面吸附氧On-2量,187℃下对乙醇有较好的选择性和灵敏度.     

用SDS微乳液合成SnO2微粉的研究

用化学沉淀法、十二烷基硫酸钠（简称ＳＤＳ）微乳液介质法分别合成了ＳnO2微粉,并将其制备成旁热式气敏元件,进行了气敏性能测定。结果表明,用ＳＤＳ微乳液合成的ＳnO2纳米微粉,可以提高ＳnO2气敏元件对某种气体的灵敏度和选择性,对ＳnO2气体传感器的开发具有一定的价值。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status