Modal／Wool混纺精纺纱的实践

1 使用原料情况 纤维细度是设计毛纱截面纤维根数、决定产品手感和毛纱条干均匀度最重要的品质参数，而细度CV值对毛纱线强度和仲长率有直接关系，     

粗纺毛纱的断裂强力

多数纱线力学的理论研究都基于这样的理想结构:长丝或短纤维假设遵循螺旋轨迹而且相互间完全平行。显然,这样的模型不适用于粗纺毛纱,因为纱线中的纤维形状以及粗纺毛纱的结构与上述模型的假定大不相同。还有,粗纺毛纱的负荷一伸长曲线表明在纱线较大伸长范围内纤维断裂,而且在纱线断裂过程中产生相当大的纤维滑移。因此需要建立一种纱线强力理论,以适应粗纺毛纱结构紊乱的特点,并且也能与纤维滑移的机理相符合。     

对毛纱、毛/涤纱直径系数的研讨

一、前言 毛纱直径是描述毛纱细度的直接指标。在织造工艺中,要根据纱线直径来调整络纱机上清纱板的隔距。产品设计时,计算织物的相对密度或复盖率〔注1]涉及到毛纱的直径。它又是研究分析织物结构(如厚度与结构阶序等)的重要参数。织物的相对密度与产品的风格、手感和耐磨等内在质量密切相关。 国内对精梳毛纱直径(d)的计算大都应用下式: 式中常数1.27一般称为纱线的直径系数。根据推算,常数1.27系将毛纱的体积重量为0.78克/厘米‘代入纱线直径普遍式而得。而毛纱体积重量0.78克/厘米3又由毛纤维比重乘以纱线中纤维的紧密系数0.59所得。此0…     

基于纤维排列参数的纱线不匀预测

在某一纱条结构假设下,提出一种新的纱线细度不匀模型——纤维通道重排假构模型,并给出了既反映纱条截面纤维根数,也反映纱条纤维长度的纱条不匀程度的表征参数——纤维通道内间距。然后利用Martindale极限不匀率公式的原理,进一步给出这个模型的特征分析和各个参数之间的统计分析;最后在实验数据分析的基础上得到了预测的经验公式,并在已知纤维长度参数、纱线截面纤维根数的情况下,预测了纱线的条干不匀,预测结果的精度较高。     

赛络纺棉/毛段彩纱结构及其性能

针对环锭纺三罗拉和四罗拉法所纺段彩纱条干不匀的结果问题,采用同轴双后罗拉2组粗纱同锭位藕合等量喂入的方法纺制等线密度赛络纺棉/毛段彩纱,并对成纱的结构及性能进行了分析。纱线的纵向观测结果表明棉与毛的质量比差异越大,分段时间越长,纱线的段彩效果越明显;截面观测结果表明棉和毛纤维在纱中互相压紧并包缠形成类似于太极阴阳鱼的结构;分段中棉与毛质量比差异及纺纱分段时间增加时,纱线的断裂强度变小,CV值变大,但对有害毛羽数量影响不大。该纺纱方法使用天然的棉和毛纤维,既丰富了现有花式纱线的产品种类,也在对细纱机进行简单改装的条件下制得股线风格的毛型感段彩纱,符合绿色低碳循环发展的趋势。     

假捻对低捻环锭纱结构的影响

 针对传统低捻纱强度低,影响其应用的问题,在环锭细纱机前罗拉和导纱钩之间安装1个专门设计的假捻装置,增加纺纱三角区内纤维的转移和纱线纤维间的抱合力,使纱线在具有较低捻度的同时拥有较高的强度。检测纱线的内部和外部结构,对比改良纱、普通捻度环锭纱和低捻度环锭纱的截面内纤维分布规律、纱线内的纤维轨迹以及纱线的表面结构。实验结果表明,经过改进的低捻度环锭纱与普通环锭纱具有不同的结构。     

混纺纱线横截面结构参数分析

为准确描述混纺纱线中纤维的几何尺寸、混纺比例、空间分布等结构参数,分析混纺纱线的物理性能与这些参数的关系,以毛/粘混纺纱线为例,应用图形处理软件Im ageJ分析混纺纱线横截面切片图像,提出定量描述混纺比、纤维相对分布半径、成分分布均匀度等混纺纱线横截面结构参数的新方法。在此基础上,进一步对结构参数与混纺纱线品质的关系作简要的分析,得出与实际相符的结果,对混纺纱线的生产质量控制有参考价值。     

纱线毛羽及控制

一、纱线毛羽及其特性 1,概念成纱过程中,纤维由于受力情况和几何条件不同,使部分纤维伸出纱线主体即纱芯的表面,这些伸出纱芯表面的纤维称为纱线毛羽。纱线毛羽是纱线结构的特征之一。纱线表面结构及与之有关的产品服用性能均与纱线毛羽的状况有关,如产品的外观、手感、热传导以及抗起球或脱毛等。纱线毛羽分布不良时,会造成布面条纹、阴影等疵点,因此,纱线毛羽是纱线质量的一个重要参数。纱线毛羽并不     

浅析纱线截面毛纤维根数与纺纱CV值之间的关系

本文通过对品质不同羊毛所纺各纱支之间的纺纱CV值的分析，浅析羊毛品质、纱线截面毛纤维根数与纱线CV值之间的关系，从而达到的几个技术性问题的探讨。     

纱线膨松性能的表征与EIB测试:1.膨松度的概念与测试

 膨松性能是变形纱最基本的性能之一,可用膨松度表征。纱线的膨松度是以纱线空隙率即纱线体内部纤维间的空隙占纱线整体的体积分数定义的。实验证明:用EIB检测各类纱线的表观平均直径并计算膨松度有良好的适应性;空气变形纱的膨松度阈值在70%~75%之间;异收缩空气变形纱的膨松性好于空气变形纱,其膨松度约高出5%;2种环锭纺短纤维纱,精梳棉纱和精纺毛纱的膨松度阈值为55%~60%,其中精纺毛纱比精梳棉纱高5%;加捻化学纤维长丝束的膨松度为20%~25%,经变形加工后其膨松度可以提高2倍左右。     

Study of fiber packing density of lyocell ring‐spun yarns

The study of yarn structure and related yarn properties has been the subject of much research. However, the study of the fiber packing density, which has practical significance for a number of yarns and their characteristics, has been limited to circular yarns because of the disordered yarn structure. In this paper, the fiber packing density of lyocell ring‐spun yarns is determined with the image analysis method. This method does not have any limitation with regard to the fiber cross‐sectional shape. The effect of yarn count, twist factor, spindle speed, traveler weight and front roller diameter on the fiber packing density in the yarn cross‐section is analyzed. The results of this paper and the data published in other scientific works are in good agreement.     

毛/涤混纺纱上浆研究

单经单纬毛织物的兴起,决定了精纺毛/涤混纺纱必须通过浆纱工序.羊毛纤维表面有鳞片层,湿热状态下会产生缩绒现象.毛纱弹性好,但毛羽多、湿强度低、耐热耐碱性差.根据羊毛纤维和纱线的结构、特性,文章分析了毛纱上浆的特点和难点,依据"相似相溶"原理,研究制定了毛/涤混纺纱上浆用浆料及浆料配方,并阐述了上浆条件和主要工艺参数.上浆后,纱线达到了贴伏毛羽、增加耐磨、增强保伸、改善织物织造性能的目的.通过大量实验,测试并分析了浆液性能、浆膜性能和浆纱质量,得出了适用于毛/涤混纺纱上浆的最佳浆料配方.     

混纺纱横截面结构参数分析

 为准确描述混纺纱中纤维的几何尺寸、混纺比例、空间分布等结构参数,分析混纺纱的物理性能与这些参数的关系,以毛/粘混纺纱为例,应用图形处理软件ImageJ分析混纺纱横截面切片图像,提出定量描述混纺比、纤维相对分布半径、成分分布均匀度等混纺纱横截面结构参数的新方法。在此基础上,进一步对结构参数与混纺纱品质的关系作简要的分析,得出与实践相符的结果,对混纺纱线的生产质量控制有参考价值。     

Geometry of fiber distribution in Marl yarn using the computational method

In this research, the structure of a type of bi-component composite yarns so called Marl yarn was studied. Fibers packing density factors within the yarn cross section as well as the effect of twisting on the resultant yarn were investigated. Samples of Marl acrylic yarns were provided using different twisting levels. Images of the cross sections of the produced yarn were obtained using the transverse sectioning method. The images were captured using the optical microscopy. The prepared images of the yarn cross section were then analyzed using image processing methods. In the first stage, yarn central coordinates and radiuses were calculated. In order to investigate the uniformity of fibers distribution and packing density within the yarn cross section, the fiber distances from the yarn center within the small radial and polar elements were calculated and the coefficient of variations (CV %) was determined. The maximum value of the fibers packing density was determined. The results showed that the fibers were mostly concentrated within the central region of the yarn; this was followed by the decrease in the fibers packing density while moving into the yarn’s outer layers. It was also concluded that increasing the intensity of the applied twist would result in higher fibers packing as well as the decrease in the yarn radius.     

基于临界滑脱长度的短纤纱断裂强力计算

为得到一种更加合理的短纤纱断裂强力的近似计算方法,根据短纤纱结构的理想化假设和临界滑脱长度的概念,推导出短纤纱断裂过程中纤维临界滑脱长度的近似计算表达式以及发生断裂和滑脱的纤维对短纤纱断裂强力的实际贡献。鉴于短纤纱截面纤维根数的不匀,根据计算得到的临界滑脱长度采用纤维在短纤纱中随机排列的模拟对短纤纱断裂强力进行计算。通过纺制不同线密度下具有不同捻系数的粘胶纱与涤纶纱并测试其断裂强力对该计算方法进行验证。计算和验证结果表明：临界滑脱长度的计算值随着捻系数的增加而减小,且当捻系数增加时,短纤纱断裂强力的计算值随着捻系数的增加升高至最高值而后发生下降,这是与实测短纤纱强力值的变化趋势是一致的。     

应用原位聚合法的PTT/毛/聚苯胺复合导电纱制备与性能

本文采用了一种新颖的基于原位聚合法的连续制备导电纱线的方法,以PTT/毛混纺纱为原料,制备了PTT/毛/PANI复合导电纱线,探讨了反应液浓度对复合导电纱电导率的影响,并研究了PTT/毛/PANI复合导电纱的表面形貌、化学结构及力学性能。研究结果表明：随着反应液浓度的提高,复合导电纱线中的聚苯胺含量增大,纱线的电导率提高,可达1.08×10-2S/cm;红外分析表明复合导电纱是PTT、羊毛与聚苯胺的共混体系;纱线经导电处理后,断裂强力、断裂伸长率与初始模量均有所提高,但屈服应力和屈服伸长率都有一定程度的下降。     

The influence of cyclic deformation on the strength and elongation at break of carded and combed wool yarns

There are various factors that influence yarn strength. Yarn breaking is due to fiber breakages and fiber’s slippages. In reality, a part of the fibers slip while the other part breaks. In this study, we have shown that fatigue yarn, resulting in a fundamental way impact on the number of breaks on the weaving machine, and sometimes on the physical properties of fabrics. Given the importance of the issue and the very limited directed research number in this direction, a tests series were carried out with the aim to highlight the changes to the physical characteristics of the yarn resulting from mechanical treatment comparable to that which they are subjected on the weaving machine. In the first part of our investigation, the residual deformation, tensile strength, and elongation at break of combed and carded threads were measured. In the second part, the influence of the extensions number, their amplitudes, and frequencies were analyzed. In order to examine the influence of these parameters, carded and combed yarns, with different characteristics were prepared. Therefore, based on the separate treatment results of three test series, it appears that: the warp yarns subjected to repeated extensions undergo the phenomenon of fatigue. Yarns fatigue reduces their elasticity and resistance and it is the cause for break yarn during weaving. The fatigue of wool yarns is very low compared to other textile materials.     

自捻纱的拉伸力学性能

针对自捻纱断裂强力和断裂伸长率较低的问题,通过对同种原料自捻纺纱线和环锭纺纱线的拉伸力学性能进行对比,讨论了适合自捻纺纱的纤维和必须经过复合才能进行自捻纺纱的纤维以及对纤维配比的要求。与环锭纺纱线相比,羊毛、腈纶、涤纶自捻纱的断裂强力依次降低81.25%、49.33%、31.39%。涤纶、腈纶等纤维能直接采用自捻纺加工方式,而羊毛和苎麻不能直接采用自捻纺纱,必须和其他原料复合自捻。分别对毛/涤纶、麻/涤纶、腈纶/涤纶双组分复合自捻纱进行拉伸力学性能分析,结果表明,要使纱线拉伸性能符合要求,2种原料的组分中涤纶纤维含量需满足：毛/涤纶纱中占60%以上,麻/涤纶纱中占71%以上,但腈纶/涤纶纱的纤维配比不受限制。     

竹浆纤维羊绒混纺纱的开发及其拉伸性能的研究

测试在不同混纺比例下纱线断裂强力及断裂伸长等性能，得出由于混纺比例的不同，纱线的性能也有所差异，从而确定比较合适的混纺比例。实验测试得出竹浆纤维50％，羊毛35％，山羊绒15％的混纺纱，合股并施加150T／m的捻度后，具有较好的机械性能。     

异制件用三维编织复合材料的拉伸性能

通过对具有不同减纱结构参数的三维编织复合材料试件做纵向拉伸实验,分析了该类材料的拉伸性能随编织工艺参数的变化规律以及材料的失效形式。结果表明,纤维体积含量相同时,减纱使复合材料的强度有所降低,初始模量变化不大;减纱点缺陷对复合材料拉伸性能影响较小,试件断裂断面位置具有随机性;如出现一段纱线空缺对性能影响较大,试件大都在减纱截面断裂;如必须减纱才能完成制件的外形尺寸,应使减纱点在整个制件内均匀分布,每个截面的减纱数量不超过总数的10%。