不同品种甘薯叶提取物抗氧化及对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的研究

本研究旨在通过比较7个品种甘薯叶提取物的抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,探讨甘薯叶抗氧化和降血糖的潜力。以甘薯叶为研究对象,测定其总多酚和总黄酮含量,体外实验评价其抗氧化活性(DPPH·清除能力、ABTS+·清除能力、·OH清除能力和还原能力)及对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。结果表明7个品种甘薯叶提取物总多酚和总黄酮含量、抗氧化活性以及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性具有明显差异。甘薯叶总多酚含量介于15.02~33.33 mg GAE/g DW,总黄酮含量介于1.06~3.11 mg RE/g DW。徐薯18、济薯18和龙薯9甘薯叶总多酚和总黄酮含量最高,品种间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。龙薯9自由基(DPPH·、ABTS+·、·OH)清除能力最强;济薯18还原能力最强;商薯19抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性最强。总多酚和总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性之间具有极显著的正相关性(P<0.01),而与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性之间没有显著的相关性(P>0.05)。本研究表明甘薯叶是潜在抗氧化剂和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的优质来源,为甘薯种植和生产品种的选择提供理论依据。     

紫番薯原花青素的稳定性和抗氧化性研究

紫番薯原花青素粗提物经过AB-8大孔树脂分离得到4个样品,以吸光度做检测指标研究了在光照、温度、酸碱度和金属离子影响下的稳定性;用清除二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH.)和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力(FRAP)测定法,分析了4个样品总的抗氧化作用。结果表明:和对照品葡萄籽原花青素相比,4个样品均具有较好的稳定性和抗氧化性,其中样品1的稳定性和抗氧化性最佳。并且和葡萄籽原花青素相比,稳定性和抗氧化性均存在统计学意义上的显著性差异(p<0.05)     

The intake of dietary fiber from grape seeds modifies the antioxidant status in rat cecum

The aim of this study was to measure the antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compounds in cecum and feces of rats fed with a grape seed concentrate. The grape concentrate was rich in indigestible compounds (dietary fiber, polyphenols and other associated compounds) which presented significant antioxidant activity. Polyphenols extracted by aqueous–organic solvents (extractable polyphenols, EPs) and non‐extractable polyphenols (NEPs) exhibited high antioxidant capacity as measured by the ABTS method. High correlations were found between antioxidant capacity values and EP (r² = 0.9608) and NEP content (r² = 0.9179). EPs and NEPs exhibited considerable antioxidant activity within the large intestine. Significant antioxidant activity was also found in feces derived from excreted EPs and NEPs. The grape fiber concentrate enhanced the antioxidant status in the large intestine. The antioxidant activity in the intestinal content should be considered when assessing the effects of dietary components on bowel diseases. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of solvent and temperature on extraction of phenolic compounds from grape seed,antioxidant activity and colour of extract

This study was aimed to investigate the influence of solvent (water and ethanol in concentration: 50%, 70% and 96%) and extraction temperature (25–80) °C on polyphenols extraction of grape seed (Vitis vinifera L. cv. “Frankovka”) cultivated in Eastern Croatia. The best results were reached using 50% ethanol at 80 °C. The most abundant individual polyphenolic compound was catechin which makes the average of 45.11% of the total phenolic content followed by epicatechin (34.45%), procyanidin B₂ (12.90%), gallic acid (5.34%), gallocatechin (1.58%), epicatechin gallate (1.01%). The antioxidant activity of extracts was determined by DPPH‐method and it was highly dependent on extraction solvent and temperature. The total extractable proanthocyanidins content of extract had the highest positive correlation (r = 0.994) with antioxidant activity, which indicated that these compounds might be the most important antioxidant in examined grape seed extracts. Relationship between phenolic content and colour of extracts was observed.     

Changes in polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity after thermal treatments of grape seed extract and grape pomace

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of heat treatment on polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in grape pomace (GP) and grape seed extract (GSE). GP and GSE were heat treated in a furnace or autoclaved at 100 °C for 15, 30 and 60 min. Structural modifications of the polyphenols during thermal processes were determined by HPLC–MS, and the antioxidant activity was determined by ABTS, DPPH and photochemiluminescence methods. In general, furnace thermal treatment of GSE and GP did not affect the total extractable polyphenols content, tannin content, procyanidin components and the antioxidant activity. Autoclave treatment caused an extensive hydrolysis of gallocatechin (70%), catechin (61%), epicatechin (65%), procyanidin B1 (75%) and procyanidin B2 (73%) in GSE, and an increase in gallic acid (71%), gallocatechin (100%) and epicatechin gallate (129%) in GP. Autoclave treatment did not affect the antioxidant activity of GSE or GP. It can be concluded that the effect of autoclave was more severe than furnace heat treatment modifying the phenolic profile in a different manner depending on the grape seed product used. These modifications were not related with changes in antioxidant activity.     

Effects of processing and storage conditions on the stability of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaf flavonoids

The effect of heat, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment, pH, light, temperature and simulated digestion on sweet potato leaf flavonoids (SPLF) stability was studied. Results showed heat treatment at 75 °C for 90 min or HHP treatment at 600 MPa for 30 min did not cause significant effect on SPLF. Heat treatment at 100 °C for 60 min and 90 min led to decrease in antioxidant activity by 20% and 25%, respectively, while pH 7.0 and 8.0 significantly decreased amount of SPLF by approximately 75%, decreased antioxidant activity by about 30% and 47% separately. Light treated samples recorded a decrease in SPLF by 52% and antioxidant activity by 24%. No significant effect on SPLF was observed for samples stored at −18 °C, 4 °C or room temperature. The retention of flavonoids and antioxidant activity was 45.9 ± 3.6% and 56.2 ± 2.6%, individually in SPLF after simulated digestion.     

Influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the bioavailability and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Ipomoea batatas leaves

Sweet potato leaves (SPL) are natural by‐products rich in bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols, and can be consumed as a vegetable. This work aims to investigate the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the bioavailability and antioxidant activities of polyphenols from SPL. The phenolic compounds of sweet potato leaf extracts (SPLE) were quite stable in gastric phase. However, the amount of phenolic compounds decreased during transition from the acidic gastric environment to the alkaline intestinal environment. The bioavailability of phenolic compounds of SPLE was 13.36%. The ABTS^·+ scavenging capabilities and reducing power of SPLE were not affected during gastric digestion. Antioxidant activity increased after intestinal digestion. This research suggested that phenolic compounds of SPLE were sufficiently available for absorption. This study also provides useful information on the potential commercial value of SPL.     

茶多酚红薯粉条的研制及其抗氧化活性评价

本文考察了茶多酚的添加量和添加时机对红薯粉条断条率、碘蓝值、感官品质、质构特性的影响,并以面条为对照,探讨了粉条对茶多酚分别在干燥常温贮藏和鲜湿冷冻贮藏条件下的保留率和自由基清除率的影响效果。结果发现,糊化前添加茶多酚所制红薯粉条品质普遍优于糊化后添加,茶多酚在粉条中的最适添加量为每100 g红薯淀粉中添加0.15 g。经60 d贮藏后,干燥常温贮藏条件下粉条中茶多酚的保留率为60.73%,自由基清除率降幅为16.29%;鲜湿冷冻贮藏条件下粉条中茶多酚的保留率为71.54%,自由基清除率降幅为10.38%。而且,粉条对两种贮藏条件下的茶多酚含量及活性保护作用均明显优于面条。     

改良的DPPH与ABTS自由基法评价不同葡萄籽油抗氧化能力

本研究采用改良的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl,DPPH)法和2,2'-联氮双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑林-6-磺酸)二胺盐[2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothi azoline-6-sulfonic acid)ammonium salt,ABTS]法测定不同方法提取葡萄籽油极性部分、非极性部分及全油的抗氧化能力,测定不同葡萄籽油多酚含量,研究多酚与葡萄籽油极性部分抗氧化能力的相关性。热榨毛油与溶剂法毛油在经过精炼后多酚含量和抗氧化能力显著降低;在溶剂法精炼油、热榨法精炼油、低温压榨油、超临界CO_2萃取葡萄籽油中,低温压榨油极性部分清除DPPH与ABTS自由基的能力最强,低温压榨油的多酚含量最高,超临界CO_2萃取葡萄籽油非极性部分与低温压榨油全油的DPPH与ABTS自由基清除能力最强;各不同葡萄籽油总酚含量与极性部分DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除能力具有显著的正相关性。     

Optimisation of supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seed oil using response surface methodology

The aim of this study was to use waste from the wine production process with special accent on grape seeds and new green technology. Supercritical CO₂ was considered as a green solvent in extraction of grape seed oil. The effects of different extraction process parameters on oil yield and antioxidant activity were investigated. Extraction optimisation was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM). Extraction pressure has proven to be the most significant factor influencing oil yield and antioxidant activity (P < 0.0001). The optimal conditions for obtaining the highest oil yield and antioxidant activity within the experimental range of the variables studied were at extraction pressure of 400 bar and temperature of 41 °C. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted extraction oil yield was 14.49% and DPPH 37.07%. Applying this green extraction method, the oil from grape seeds was totally extracted. The produced oil was of satisfactory quality, and the content of α‐tocopherol in obtained grape seed oil at optimal extraction conditions was 36.05 mg kg^?1.     

Optimising the extraction of tea polyphenols, (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate and theanine from summer green tea by using response surface methodology

In this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of tea polyphenols, EGCG and theanine from summer green tea. As results, the optimal extraction conditions were determined to be temperature 96 °C, time 40 min and ratio of water to raw material 16 mL g^?1. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental values for tea polyphenols, EGCG, theanine and IC₅₀ for DPPH free radical scavenging activity were 133.41 ± 3.12 mg gallic acid g^?1, 30.23 ± 1.22, 3.99 ± 1.13 mg g^?1 and 724.95 ± 15.12 μg mL^?1, respectively. There was no statistical difference at significant level of 0.05 between the experimental and predicted values. The results suggested that the regression models were accurate and adequate for the bioactives extraction from summer green tea.     

几种多酚类物质用于延长花生牛轧糖货架期的对比研究

通过测定55℃和45℃2个加速破坏温度条件下花生牛轧糖的过氧化值、酸价、菌落总数、大肠菌群4个指标,对比研究苹果多酚、葡萄籽多酚、茶多酚3种天然酚类物质对花生牛轧糖货架期的影响。结果表明,添加0.04%的3种酚类物质都具有减缓花生牛轧糖过氧化值升高,抑制花生牛轧糖酸价增高,抑制菌落总数和大肠菌群增加的作用;在花生牛轧糖中添加苹果多酚比添加葡萄籽多酚、茶多酚的抗氧化效果明显,3种多酚物质具有相近的抑制细菌增值效果,可以延长花生牛轧糖的货架期。     

Optimisation of antioxidant hydrolysate production from sweet potato protein and effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimise antioxidant hydrolysate production from sweet potato protein (SPP). The effects of enzyme‐to‐substrate ratio, pH value and reaction temperature on ·OH radical scavenging activity and Fe²⁺‐chelating activity of antioxidant hydrolysates from SPP were investigated. The maximum ·OH radical scavenging activity (40.10%) and Fe²⁺‐chelating activity (74.37%) of SPP hydrolysates (SPPH) were obtained at an enzyme‐to‐substrate ratio of 4%, pH value of 7.8 and reaction temperature of 57 °C, which was in agreement with the predicted value (40.11% and 74.83%, respectively) estimated by RSM. The simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID) dramatically modified molecular weights distribution, increased peptide (<3 kDa) concentration and highly retained antioxidant activity of SPPH, indicating potentially utilisation of SPPH as a functional supplement in food system.     

Characterization of Tannase Activity on Tea Extracts

Assay of tannase activity was performed directly, using extracts of black tea leaf, by a pH stat method at the pH optimum of the enzyme (6.0). Reaction rates were calculated from the initial rates of the volume of titrant vs. time plots, and activity was expressed as μmoles/min. The enzyme was unstable to pH levels above 6.0 and temperatures above 40°C. Optimum temperature was 35°C. Using saturating amounts of enzyme, the pH stat was also used to determine total hydrolyzable gallate for kinetic studies and to determine the effect of gallated polyphenols on loss of solids in instant tea processing.     

樟树籽油抗氧化能力及物质基础研究

植物油中天然抗氧化成分对油脂的加工、货架期及营养品质具有重要影响。为研究樟树籽油抗氧化活性及物质基础,本文分别对其脂肪酸组成、不皂化物含量、总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除率进行测定,分析总多酚及不皂化物对樟树籽油抗氧化活性的贡献率,明确樟树籽油抗氧化活性物质基础。结果表明,樟树籽油中主要为中链脂肪酸癸酸和月桂酸,二者含量占总脂肪酸的94.80%,不皂化物含量为0.55±0.01% ,总多酚含量为33.07 ±0.63 mg.kg_^-1。樟树籽油对DPPH自由基清除率的IC₅₀值为0.13 g.mL_^-1。相同质量浓度的樟树籽油、不皂化物和总多酚对DPPH自由基清除率分别为98.92±1.58%、38.49±0.66%、49.60±3.78%。因此,不皂化物及总酚对樟树籽油抗氧化贡献率分别为38.91%、50.14%。研究结果表明樟树籽油具有较强的抗氧化能力,其抗氧化活性物质主要为多酚类成分和不皂化物,二者对樟树籽油抗氧化能力的总贡献率高达89.05%。本研究初步明确了樟树籽油的抗氧化活性成分,可为樟树籽油的开发利用奠定基础。     

Stability of tea polyphenols solution with different pH at different temperatures

Although tea polyphenols possess a variety of biological activities, the oxidative stability of tea polyphenols limits its application in the diet as preventive medicine. To enlarge biological activity of tea polyphenols, we investigated changes of tea polyphenols with different pH (3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) at different temperatures (4, 25, and 100°C). Changes in transmittance, deterioration, color values, and contents of catechins were evaluated. The results showed that tea polyphenols with a pH of 3–6 remained stable at 4 and 25°C. With increase of temperature, the tea polyphenol solutions became darker and less green, but deeper yellow in color. When the heating temperature was 100°C, a significant reduction in both total catechins and transmittance was observed. Individual catechins undergo epimerization in this process. Not only temperature and pH, but also heating time influenced the epimerization. Total contents of catechins incubated in pH 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 citrate buffer solutions for 24 h declined by 15, 24, 41, 57, and 96% at 100°C, respectively. Therefore, tea polyphenols were pH-sensitive: the lower the pH, the more stable the tea polyphenols during storage. Storing at low temperature and acidic pH conditions did not significantly affect the characteristics of tea polyphenols.     

13种植物多酚提取物抗氧化活性分析及其对冻藏未漂洗鱼糜品质的影响研究

提高未漂洗鱼糜比漂洗鱼糜得率高,环境友好,但品质较差,主要表现在脂质氧化明显,凝胶强度低。本文比较分析了石榴、芝麻、蓝莓、姜黄、迷迭香、薄荷、葡萄、橄榄、草莓、马鞭草、茶籽、燕麦、莲子皮等13种植物的多酚提取物的抗氧化活性及对冻藏未漂洗鱼糜脂质氧化、凝胶强度的影响。迷迭香多酚提取物对羟自由基清除率最高,达到87.56%±0.28%;石榴多酚提取物对超氧阴离子的清除率最高,为79.35%±0.13%;葡萄多酚对脂氧酶抑制率最高,为89.04%±2.01%。新鲜鱼糜丙二醛含量为(0.18±0.01) mg/kg,冻藏3d后,急剧增加至0.54±0.04mg/kg,添加葡萄多酚的鱼糜最低,为(0.23±0.02) mg/kg。添加姜黄多酚的冻藏未漂洗鱼糜凝胶强度最高,为1049.85 g.mm,空白为527.15 g.mm。葡萄多酚和姜黄多酚比例为1:1时,未漂洗鱼糜TBARS最低,为(0.37±0.02) mg/kg;凝胶强度最高,为(1249.97±13.31) g*mm。本文为未漂洗鱼糜贮藏加工提供了理论支撑和参考。     

Identification,characterisation and inhibition of Geotrichum pseudocandidum spoilage microbe in Gastrodia elata tuber

Gastrodia elata tuber is vulnerable to spoilage after harvested. A fungal strain Geotrichum pseudocandidum causing the spoilage was isolated from Gastrodia elata tuber and identified in this study. The log phase of the strain growth during incubation at 28 °C was from 24 to 48 h. The pH for highest spore production and largest colony formation were 5–6 and 7–9, respectively, while the temperature for them was 20–30 °C. Antifungal natamycin and tea polyphenols extract inhibited the stain at minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.25 and 0.5 mg mL⁻¹, respectively. A short-time heating treatment at temperature at 65 °C for 10 min also effectively prevented the strain growth. As tea extract is a GRAS (generally recognised as safe) food ingredient, the tea extract treatment could be a safe and non-thermal treatment to prevent the spoilage of Gastrodia elata tuber with less loss of heat-sensitive bioactives and other nutrients.     

Effects of Green Tea and Grape Seed and TBHQ on Physicochemical Properties of Baladi Goat Meats

The effect of natural extracts of green tea or commercial grape seed in combination with synthetic tert methyl-butylhydroquinone at different concentrations on lipid oxidation and the redness of goat meats stored at 5°C for 9 days was evaluated. Fresh boneless Baladi goat meats were ground and mixed at varying concentrations of green tea or grape seed extract alone or combined with tert methyl-butylhydroquinone. The color values of raw goat meat and the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance values of raw and cooked goat meats were determined following 0, 3, 6, and 9 days of storage at 5°C. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts and the tert methyl-butylhydroquinone ranged from 4.6–10.2 h induction time using an oxidative stability instrument. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance values ranged from 0.21 to 1.21 and 0.31 to 4.57 mg malondialdehyde/kg (goat meat) for the raw and cooked goat meats, respectively. Tert methyl-butylhydroquinone and plant extracts significantly decreased lipid oxidation of the goat meats, with a higher level of addition being more effective in minimizing lipid oxidation. Grape seed extract significantly increased the redness, while green tea extract decreased it; no effect of tert methyl-butylhydroquinone on the redness of goat meats was observed. This study has shown that inclusion of natural extracts of green tea and grape seed in goat meat could reduce lipid oxidation during its storage.     

添加茶多酚对茶籽油酸值的影响

茶多酚是茶叶中提取的一种天然抗氧剂,具有优良的抗氧化性能。本实验以茶多酚为添加剂,考察了紫外光、温度、CuCl2和KClO3对茶籽油酸值的影响。实验结果表明,分别用紫外光辐射和90℃加热7h,添加茶多酚茶籽油的酸值比不加茶多酚分别低22.8%和12.06%;用0.08mol/LCuCl2和KClO3氧化7h,添加茶多酚茶籽油的酸值比不加茶多酚分别低3.63%和7.63%。