用臭氧处理去除漂白硫酸盐浆废水中的COD和色度

研究了臭氧对硫酸盐漂白浆厂废水中的COD和色度的去除率。测试了硫酸盐阔叶木浆漂白生产线一段酸处理和二段碱处理废水,硫酸盐阔叶木浆ECF漂白生产线中的一段硫酸预处理（A）、一段酸处理和二段碱处理废水,硫酸盐针叶木浆ECF漂白生产线的一段酸处理和二段碱处理废水。为了得到最高的臭氧处理效率,对硫酸盐阔叶木浆氯漂和ECF漂中的A段及一段酸处理废水进行了臭氧处理。但是,这些漂白过程的碱性废水在臭氧处理之前应该先进行中和处理。与硫酸盐阔叶木浆废水相比,用臭氧处理硫酸盐针叶木浆ECF漂白过程中的酸性或碱性废水,无论是否进行中和处理,都不能有效地去除COD和降低色度。实验还发现,对不同的材种（阔叶木或针叶木）和废水类型（酸性或碱性）,臭氧处理都能够提高随后生物处理中COD的去除率。     

臭氧漂白工业的发展

随着环境方面的压力和全无氯（TCF）漂白工艺的兴起,臭氧漂白也越来越受到造纸工业的欢迎。臭氧漂白的首个工业化1二艺在19年前开始运行,像其他的新工艺、新技术一样,一开始也同样遇到了技术上的难题。但通过各方面的研究,如优化混合技术,更好地了解臭氧对纸浆性能的影响以及不断地改良整个臭氧漂白工艺等,使目前含有臭氧段的ECF—Light漂白工艺可以和传统ECF漂白工艺具有相似甚至更好的漂白效果。     

带臭氧漂段的TCF漂白技术

介绍了美卓公司即将推出的第二代TCF漂白技术,这是一种流程短、纸浆白度高、废水排放量低的漂白技术。实验模拟结果显示了带臭氧高浓漂段的TCF漂白的潜力,并比较了TCF漂白与常规ECF漂白以及带臭氧高浓漂段的ECF漂白的操作成本、投资成本、对环境的影响以及成浆质量。     

过氧乙酸在麦草浆多段漂白程序中的优化组合

研究了过氧乙酸在麦草浆多段漂白程序中,与氧、过氧化氢和二氧化氯这些低污染漂剂进行不同ECF和TCF漂白程序的组合优化,并分析其漂白效果和特点及其之间的相互影响.     

阻碍漂白新工艺应用的原因分析

1漂白新工艺被认可,但应用遇障 当今,硫酸盐浆漂白新工艺选择有：一种为常规ECF漂白OO-D0-EO-D1-D2（可略有变化）,一种是更新、更生态和经济先进的、以臭氧漂段（Z）为主的轻度ECF（1ight—ECF）漂白,例如OO-Ze-D1-D2（常常用P段替代D2,其中Z是高浓臭氧漂白段,其后稀释浆料到中浓状态,以便能够在没有任何段间洗涤的情况下进行E段抽提）和OO-ZD0-EO—D1（其中,ZD表示在中浓臭氧漂白段Z之后紧接着二氧化氯段D）。     

臭氧漂白有利于纸张抄造和质量改善（Ⅱ）

为讨论纤维素黏度的降低是否会影响纤维的质量,对引入臭氧漂段的ECF漂白浆料与传统ECF漂白浆料（对照样品）进行了对比试验,以探究它们的本质区别。     

臭氧轻ECF漂白

介绍了臭氧漂白的发展概况、臭氧高浓漂白和中浓漂白技术、臭氧漂白工艺运行参数和采用臭氧漂白的优点，并指出臭氧轻ECF漂白可能是应对要求日益严格的废水排放标准的首选漂白方案。     

ECF和TCF漂白发展现状与研究进展

讨论了常规含氯漂白的危害及存在问题,指出了ECF和TCF漂白技术的发展背景和优越性,介绍了ECF和TCF漂白技术各自的工艺特点,并对两者做了简单的比较,最后简单介绍了ECF和TCF漂白的最新研究进展。     

非木材纸浆的无元素氯漂白与二氧化氯制备系统的国产化

介绍了非木材纸浆ECF和TCF漂白的发展现状和发展前景,并对比ECF和TCF漂白工艺,得出ECF漂白更适合非木材纸浆.提出实现制备二氧化氯设备的国产化已成为迫在眉睫的事情.     

开发利用低少或无污染化学浆漂白新技术，实现我国造纸工业可持续发展

本文介绍目前国内外存在的低少无污染漂白新技术,主要有ECF和TCF。ECF主要是以CIO2漂白为主;TCF则是以O2、H2O2、O3为基础组合的漂白技术,在本文中着重介绍了氧-碱-过氧化氢漂白、强化氧脱木素、强化过氧化氢终漂、臭氧漂白、过氧酸漂白和生物酶漂白。并简要介绍了低少或无污染漂白的优越性和今后发展的方向。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.