超疏水纸基功能材料的应用研究进展

具有绿色环保、高性能、低成本等优点的纸基功能材料受到诸多关注。为突破纸基材料自身纤维亲水性等瓶颈,大量研究赋予了纸基材料优异的超疏水性能,从而制备了具有高附加值的纸基超疏水功能材料。本文主要阐述了超疏水纸基功能材料的最新应用研究进展,如油/水分离、食品包装、智能响应装置、传感器等新器件与装备领域,并对超疏水纸基功能材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

高性能纤维与纸基功能材料

<正>由高性能纤维制备的纸基功能材料可广泛应用于航天航空、轨道交通、先进绝缘等领域。本报告结合合成纤维的发展趋势,重点介绍了芳纶云母绝缘纸基材料、耐高温聚酰亚胺纸基材料、高性能纸基摩擦材料、芳纶纸基蜂窝材料的性质及目前存在的问题。同时,针对高性能纤维湿法造纸存在的共性问题,阐述了高性能纤维纸基材料的制备关键技术。     

纸基功能材料的现状与发展趋势

随着现代科技的发展,对功能材料的需求越来越高,然而大部分功能材料存在耗费大、制作工艺复杂等缺点,已经满足不了越来越大的应用需求。在此基础上,纸基功能材料成为前沿科技的一个考察重点,本文概述了纸的基本性能和结构,进而介绍当前流行的纸基功能材料及其相关应用,发现相比传统功能材料,纸基功能材料拥有成本低,使用率高,制作便捷等优点,是未来科技的一个优先选择。     

聚酰亚胺纤维及其纸基功能材料研究进展

特种纤维聚酰亚胺耐温等级高、绝缘性能优异、阻燃、耐辐射、高强高模,是轨道交通、航空航天、国防军工的重要基础工程材料,也是当下先进复合材料研究的热点之一。本文综述了国内外聚酰亚胺纤维和聚酰亚胺纸基功能材料的制备技术,探讨了聚酰亚胺纸基功能材料在制备方面面临的技术难题,并对聚酰亚胺纤维及其纸基功能材料的应用进行了展望。     

纸/无纺布复合材料的制备

正纸基功能材料摘要刊登随着材料技术的发展,对功能材料和特殊材料的需求越来越多。纸基功能材料的一个重要的分支就是纸和多种材料通过各种技术制备的复合材料。纸基功能材料在很多时候,将无纺布工艺和造纸工艺结合起来,实现特殊的功能或作用。例如,前几年比较火的斜网/水刺复合工艺,在     

纤维素功能纸的制备及其在能源转化应用研究进展

纤维素纸基功能材料近年来广泛用于柔性电子、光电子、能源与传感等高新科技领域。本文对比总结了纤维素纸功能化制备的常用技术手段,重点介绍了纤维素功能纸在太阳能电池、生物燃料电池和摩擦纳米发电机等能源转化领域的应用,最后指出了纤维素纸基功能材料目前存在的问题并展望了其发展前景。     

催化纸催化材料的制备及固着方式的研究进展

催化纸由于其独特的多孔三维网状结构,将成为一种极具应用前景的功能材料。按催化材料的不同,催化纸分为TiO_2基催化纸、ZnO基催化纸、贵金属基催化纸三大类,综述了这三类催化材料的修饰改性及其固着方式对催化性能的影响,提出了获得高催化性能和高强度催化纸需要解决两个问题。     

茜素红S掺杂聚苯胺/纤维素纸基电极材料的制备及性能研究

本研究利用茜素红S掺杂调控聚苯胺层,以获得高性能纤维素纸基电极材料,并对其结构组成及性能进行研究。结果表明,茜素红S掺杂提高了聚苯胺颗粒的多孔性和负载量,从而提高了聚苯胺/纤维素纸基电极材料的热稳定性、导电性能和电化学性能。电化学测试表明,在电流密度为1 mA/cm²时,纸基电极材料的面积比电容为1960 mF/cm²,高于以往的研究。本研究为利用传统造纸工艺开发高性能、廉价、绿色的纸基功能材料提供了新的参考。     

国内外除湿转轮用吸湿纸的发展

简述了除湿设备的工作原理、国内外除湿转轮用吸湿纸的加工方式及吸湿纸的发展历程,重点介绍了国内氯化锂除湿转轮用吸湿纸的开发过程。希望能引起国内功能纸及纸基功能材料工作者的重视,加强国内吸湿纸、吸湿转轮的开发。     

聚酰亚胺纤维及其纸基功能材料研究进展

聚酰亚胺纤维具备优良的性能,已经成为高技术纤维领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了国内外聚酰亚胺纤维的研究进展以及聚酰亚胺纤维采用湿法造纸工艺抄造纸基功能材料的研究进展和成果,指出当前聚酰亚胺纤维纸的开发难点,并对聚酰亚胺纤维纸及其纸基材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.