新式压榨制油机构的设计与试验

针对目前国内液压榨油机自动化程度低、操作烦琐等情况,研制了一种压榨制油结束后可自动复位的液压压榨制油机构。阐述了压榨制油机构的总体结构和工作原理,设计了独特的U型隔板结构以实现压榨结束后自动复位,确定了出油缝隙截面为倒漏斗下插板以减少压榨制油前的预榨或包饼工序。该液压压榨装置通过现场试验表明,在保压压力22 MPa、保压时间35 min时,饼残油率为11. 33%、油样含杂率为0. 77%,满足设计要求。该新式压榨制油机构的设计为液压榨油机的自动化提供了借鉴和基础。     

核桃制油榨油机的比较与选择

选择ZX10螺旋榨油机、低温螺旋榨油机、德国KEK螺旋冷榨机、6yy-230仿韩国液压榨油机、QYZ系列液压榨油机对核桃仁进行压榨试验,对核桃出油效果和饼中残油进行对比和分析,选择出适合核桃制油的最佳设备为QYZ系列液压榨油机。该机在压榨温度低于60℃,压榨30 min时,饼中残油16.1%,蛋白几乎无变性,为核桃制油尤其是冷榨制油作出了有益探索。     

纵览螺旋榨油机

压榨法制油是一种古老而实用的制油技术。早在5000年以前,古代劳动人民已经懂得用挤压籽仁的方法获得油脂。原始压榨机有杠杆榨、楔式榨、人力螺旋榨等。随着1795年勃拉马氏水压机的发明,动力压榨制油机械取代了传统的以人畜为动力的压榨机械,并广泛地应用于榨油生产。直到1900年美国Anderson发明了连续式螺旋榨油机,从此,连续式螺旋榨油机成为压榨法制油的主要设备。用于压榨法制油的机械主要有液压榨油机和螺旋榨油机两种。液压榨油机虽然具有结构简单、动力消耗小等优点,但由于存在着饼残油率较高、生产能力小、间歇性生产,以及压榨周期…     

95型榨油机压榨桐籽的工艺改革

桐籽榨油的方法,分为带壳榨不带先榨两种类型。带壳榨的机具有液压榨油机、人力丝杆榨和农村土榨;不带壳榨的机具有95型榨油机和动力丝杆榨。用95型榨油机压榨桐籽,操作简便、处理量大、出油率高,劳动强度较低,稍加一些配套设备,就可实现机械化,半机械化一条龙,因而被越来越多的地方和单位所采用。 通常采用的95型榨油机压榨桐籽的工艺流程,如下:(1)     

ZX·10螺旋榨机的安装使用(连载)

八、ZX·10螺旋榨油机压榨莱籽、棉籽、米糠的操作 ZX·10螺旋榨油机不仅能够压榨颗粒状的油料,而且对于粉末状油料如米糠的压榨,也可以取得良好的效果。现将其压榨菜籽、棉籽和米糠的工艺流程及操作方法分别介绍如下:     

基于三维CAD软件螺旋榨油机理论压榨比的计算

提出一种利用三维CAD软件进行螺旋榨油机理论压榨比的计算方法。应用三维CAD软件创建螺旋榨油机的三维实体模型,并由此快速准确地求出螺旋榨油机的理论压榨比,从而使螺旋榨油机的理论压榨比计算变得更加快捷,而且更加准确。以ZX18A型螺旋榨油机为例,通过计算实例证明,使用该方法计算理论压榨比切实可行,且精确快速。     

95型螺旋榨油机在米糠榨油中的几点改进

近年来,我省粮油部门在利用90型液压榨油机米糠榨油方面取得了一些成绩,但由于劳动强度大,附属设备多,工艺操作繁锁,对流水作业和自动化生产带来困难,而且出油率受环境温度高低而变化,出油效率和台时处理量也不高。为此,我省南城、吉水、赣县等县粮油加工厂均对利用95型螺旋榨油机压榨米糠的问题进行了赏试,积累了一些经验。由于受条件的限制,榨油机的改造和工艺效果都不甚理想。特别是出油率不稳定、台时处理量低、     

螺旋压榨和液压压榨对苹果籽油品质的影响

分别采用螺旋冷榨机和液压榨机对苹果籽进行压榨,并对所得的苹果籽油和渣饼进行检测分析。结果表明,采用液压榨油机压榨苹果籽的出油率相对较高,品质相对较好。     

榨油机榨螺的螺纹加工及设备

螺旋式榨油机是我国广大农村地区及中小粮油加工厂所广泛采用的一种制油设备,而榨螺是榨油机的关键零件之一。它在榨油机中起着导料、压榨等作用,它的质量对榨油机的送料、压榨性能起着决定性的影响;它的加工尤其是螺旋的加工,是该零件的加工难点和重点,是榨油机的关键加工技术之一。现介绍该零件的螺旋加工方法。１　榨螺及加工工艺榨螺的形状及特点见图１。榨螺零件具有大螺纹（牙高、螺距大）,螺纹小径有锥度（该锥度主要是在榨油过程中对油料起逐渐压榨作用）,而且尺寸及表面粗糙度都有较高要求的特点。同时,在压榨过程中该零件…     

关于螺旋榨油机一些问题的探讨

螺旋榨油机,是油脂工业中的主要设备之一。无论在压榨油厂或是预榨浸出油厂里,都安装有这样的设备。前者为一次压榨或二次压榨;后者则作为预榨用。因此,对螺旋榨油机的一些理论问题及其实践情况,作一些探讨,是很有意义的。 一、榨膛压力的计算 在螺旋榨油机操作中,经常要注意压榨的压力大小是否正常,调节压力的办法是控 制熟料温度和水份的含量。下面列出了压力与水分温度的关系式:     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status