食用菌深层发酵法制备南瓜汁脱糖营养液工艺研究

本项实验研究以南瓜(Cucurbita moschata Duch)汁为原料,经食用菌深层发发酵脱糖获得营养液的制备工艺,适宜条件为:发酵液为黄狼南瓜汁,果泥含量20%、灵芝(Ganoderma lueidum)L203PDA液体种,接种量1:10,通汽量1:1.5,发酵温度26±1℃。发酵72h后,经过滤制取脱糖营养液。产品中含有多种氨基酸,并对四氧嘧啶糖尿病型小鼠有降血糖和预防血糖升高的营养效果。     

南瓜保健醋的开发研究

以南瓜为原料,对南瓜保健醋的发酵工艺进行了试验研究.酶法提取南瓜汁的最佳工艺条件为:加酶量为70 mg/L,pH值为5.5,温度为50℃和时间为1 h.以南瓜汁为原料制醋的最佳工艺条件为:在糖度为20%的南瓜汁中接入0.3×10-2g/g活化后的酵母菌,在30℃下培养.然后接入10%的醋酸菌,32℃的条件下发酵40 d.     

以活化硒矿为硒源的灵芝生物富硒研究

对以活化硒矿为硒源的灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)液体培养条件进行了研究。考察了不同碳源和氮源对灵芝生长的影响,利用正交试验确定了最佳液体发酵培养基并对温度、转速、pH等发酵条件进行了优化。试验结果表明:灵芝液体培养的最佳发酵培养基是:2%玉米粉,4%葡萄糖,3%麸皮汁,0.2%磷酸二氢钾,0.1%七水硫酸镁;最佳发酵培养条件是:温度28℃,摇床转速180r/min,pH6,接种量15%,菌丝生物量高达23.59g/L。当添加的硒矿水溶硒含量为5μg/g时,灵芝富硒效果最好,其总硒含量和富硒率分别达302.2μg/g和60.0%。     

基于Vc和油脂包埋率的特医食品喷雾干燥加工工艺优化及其产品储藏稳定性分析

为探究粉剂型全营养特医食品喷雾干燥,获得粉剂型全营养特医食品喷雾干燥制粉最佳工艺,以Vc包埋率、油脂包埋率作为评价指标,利用Box-Behnken中心组合方法对喷雾干燥工艺条件进行优化,考察进风温度、进样速度、进样浓度以及风速对粉剂型全营养特医食品的影响,确定最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件,并以普通干法混合作为对照,探究不同加速试验（高温、高湿、开袋）条件下喷雾干燥法制备的全营养特医食品的储藏稳定性。研究结果表明,全营养特医食品湿法喷雾干燥加工最佳工艺条件为：进样浓度24%、进风温度132 ℃、进样速度13.5 mL/min、风速30 Hz。该工艺制备的全营养特医食品Vc包埋率和油脂包埋率为79.72%和92.25%,混合均匀度可高达99.68%。加速试验结果显示,该加工工艺较普通干法混合能够有效减缓脂肪氧化和Vc含量的损失,提高粉体的储藏稳定性。该研究结果可为提升粉剂型全营养特医食品品质提供技术支撑。     

新型小米南瓜香蕉混合发酵饮料的生产工艺

研究为了优化小米南瓜香蕉混合发酵饮料生产工艺,以预处理的小米、南瓜、香蕉为原料,对南瓜汁添加量、香蕉汁添加量、小米与水比例、发酵时间、发酵温度、菌种接种量等影响产品品质的因素进行单因素试验和响应面试验,确定在实验室条件下香蕉南瓜小米的发酵饮料的最佳工艺配方。结果表明,南瓜香蕉小米南瓜香蕉混合发酵饮料的最佳配方工艺为:南瓜汁添加量6%,香蕉汁添加量7%,小米与水比例1︰5,菌种接种量7.49%,发酵温度37℃下发酵10.32 h。在此条件下,得到稳定性较好的香蕉南瓜小米混合谷物蔬菜水果发酵饮料,感官评价得分为93分,该饮料酸甜可口,口感良好,营养丰富,具有很浓的发酵乳香味及小米南瓜香蕉混合的清香味。     

山楂汁发酵饮料的工艺研究

对浸提山楂汁的发酵条件进行研究,探讨了温度、不同二氧化硫添加量及不同加糖量对发酵后饮料的酒精度、还原糖含量和口感风味的影响。结果表明,山楂汁发酵温度为25℃,不添加SO2,加糖量为133 g/L时,山楂汁的发酵饮料酒精度可达6.55%vol,残糖量为35.08 g/L,此条件下口感最佳;选用羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶和果胶进行稳定剂试验,结果表明,果胶添加量0.2%、羧甲基纤维纤维素钠（CMC）0.2%时,稳定效果最好。     

南瓜酒饮品的开发研究

南瓜是一种具有极高保健价值的蔬菜。以南瓜为原料,对其酒精发酵过程进行研究,通过单因素及正交试验确定南瓜汁酒精发酵的最佳工艺条件,即:南瓜汁糖度22%,干酵母接种量5.0%,pH值为4.0,温度24℃,发酵时间3 d,酒精度可达13.8%vol。     

液态发酵橘味醋的工艺研究

以富硒米糠和雪峰蜜橘为原料,采用正交试验设计方法,对米糠蜜橘醋酸发酵过程的工艺参数(米糠液与蜜橘汁混合比、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间)进行优化。结果表明:酒精发酵阶段的最佳工艺参数为米糠液与蜜橘汁混合比为7:3(V/V)、酵母菌接种量8%(V/V)、发酵温度30℃、发酵时间96h;醋酸发酵阶段的最佳工艺参数为醋酸菌接种量5%(V/V)、发酵温度35℃、发酵时间84h。在此工艺条件下,产品中的醋酸酸度为4.98g/100mL,硒≥12μg/100mL。本工艺可用于生产含硒的营养保健醋。     

乳酸菌和酵母菌复合发酵南瓜汁工艺研究

研究乳酸菌和酵母菌复合发酵南瓜汁的工艺,采用正交设计、感官评价等方式进行发酵南瓜汁工艺参数的优选、稳定剂和甜味剂的筛选。结果确定发酵种子培养基配方为:南瓜浆含量40%,葡萄糖2%,豆浆5%和碳酸钙0.4%。南瓜汁最佳发酵工艺为发酵温度36℃,酿酒酵母SY∶乳酸菌群=1∶3(体积比),接种量3%,发酵12 h后南瓜汁中乳酸菌的浓度可达9.20 lg(CFU/m L)。     

枸杞南瓜粉的制备、体外消化特性和抗氧化活性的研究

以枸杞、南瓜为原料,利用植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillu plantarum）和鼠李糖乳杆菌（Lactobacillus rhamnosus）混菌（5∶1）发酵枸杞南瓜汁,以喷雾干燥法制备枸杞南瓜粉,采用单因素试验及正交试验优化喷雾干燥工艺,并通过体外模拟胃肠消化试验及自由基清除试验研究枸杞南瓜粉的消化特性及氧化活性。结果表明,最佳喷雾干燥工艺为进口热风温度160 ℃,进料流量7.5 mL/min,脱脂乳粉添加量2.5%。在此优化条件下,枸杞南瓜粉呈淡红色,集粉率40.3%、感官评分89.3分。体外消化特性及抗氧化活性试验结果表明,消化结束后测得发酵组消化液中总多酚、总黄酮含量分别上升了2.21%、6.35%,2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS+）自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基、羟基自由基清除率分别为58.26%、86.43%、70.98%,显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,且肠消化阶段的抗氧化能力显著高于胃消化阶段（P＜0.05）。     

奶制品葡萄糖含量的酶法分析

本文介绍了利用葡萄糖氧化酶测定奶制品中葡萄糖含量的方法，并讨论了测量条件。该方法灵敏准确，操作简便，测定范围0－150mg/L，用于实际样品的测定，结果满意。     

高碳水化合物配方早餐对健康者餐后血糖影响

目的:研究高碳水化合物配方早餐(HCD)对健康志愿者餐后血糖的影响。方法 :10名健康志愿者为研究对象,先后摄人A、B、C、D、E套早餐,测量空腹、餐后0.5h、1h、2h的血糖值,计算血糖曲线下面积;问卷调查患者有无饥饿感。结果 :B餐血糖曲线下面积(SAUC)(19.72±1.66)明显高于A餐(16.03±1.25)(P<0.01)与C餐(16.81±2.23)(P<0.01),没有饥饿感的人数明显多于B餐和C餐。结论:合理配制的高碳水化合物配方早餐对健康志愿者餐后血糖调控有效。     

Human pancreatic glucokinase (GlkB) complements the glucose signalling defect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae hxk2 mutants

Human pancreatic glucokinase (GlkB, hexokinase IV) has been expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant protein showed similar enzyme kinetics to those described for the original enzyme. When expressed in hxk2 yeast mutants, GlkB complemented both the glucose induction and the glucose repression defects present in the mutant. It was also functional in regulating the activity of the Snf1 kinase complex in response to glucose, participating in the regulation of the Reg1/Glc7 phosphatase complex, as its yeast counterpart.     

用葡萄糖氧化酶法降低马铃薯颗粒全粉还原糖

观察了葡萄糖氧化酶 (GOD)对降低马铃薯颗粒全粉中葡萄糖及还原糖的作用。结果表明 ,当控制马铃薯颗粒全粉的水分在 5 0 %～ 60 % ,酸度为 3 5 ,温度为 3 9℃时 ,GOD的酶解降糖速度最快。在此条件下用GOD(5 0 0U/kg产品 )反应 1 80min ,可以使原料中的葡萄糖减少 80 %～ 90 % ,还原糖减低 3 0 %以上。     

Glucose metabolism in lactating cows in response to isoenergetic infusions of propionic acid or duodenal glucose

A bibliographical study showed that increasing supplies of glucogenic nutrients lead to a curvilinear increase in milk and protein yield. Increased post-hepatic glucose availability may be involved in the increase in milk yield. In the present experiment, 5 dairy cows were arranged in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to compare the respective effects of 2 amounts of either duodenal glucose or ruminal propionic acid (C3) on glucose metabolism. Treatment consisted of a grass silage-based diet supplemented with glucogenic nutrients infused into the rumen as a mixture of volatile fatty acids (control) or C3 (6.5 and 13 mol/d) or as glucose (3.4 and 6.9 mol/d) infused into the duodenum. Treatments were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous and contained 100 and 115% of energy and protein requirements, respectively, according to the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Glucose appearance rate (Ra) tended to increase with the level of infusions of both glucogenic materials and with the high dose of duodenal glucose. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration increased with the infusion of glucogenic materials compared with the control and was significantly higher with glucose than with C3 treatments. This experiment did not indicate whether the increased Ra was the key mechanism to increased milk yield because milk yield only tended to increase and the standard error for Ra was high. With the high dose of glucose infused into the duodenum, the Ra increase was greater than the increased lactose production in milk. Because of that connection, IGF-I may also be involved by favoring the glucose utilization by the mammary gland.     

预处理和贮藏条件对脱水甘蓝表面返霜的影响

添加葡萄糖的脱水甘蓝在贮藏过程中葡萄糖极易从甘蓝内部迁移到表面．实验结果表明，渗糖处理时添加一定量的乳糖和高麦芽糖浆代替葡萄糖，对延长脱水甘蓝的返霜期有良好的效果，高麦芽糖浆对延长脱水甘蓝返霜的效果明显好于乳糖．实验还研究了热烫时间、贮藏环境的相对湿度对葡萄糖迁移影响的规律．热烫90s、贮藏在较低的环境湿度下均有利于延长脱水甘蓝的返霜天数．     

红枣多糖对小鼠血糖及血清胰岛素水平影响的初步研究

研究红枣多糖对正常小鼠血糖及糖耐量的影响,结果表明红枣多糖对正常小鼠血糖没有影响,对正常小鼠糖耐量有改善作用。为研究红枣多糖对四氧嘧啶、肾上腺素诱导的糖尿病小鼠血糖及血清胰岛素水平的影响,以200mg/kg剂量腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立四氧嘧啶糖尿病动物模型,以0.03mg/kg剂量腹腔注射肾上腺素建立肾上腺素高血糖动物模型。对造模成功的小鼠随机分为模型对照组、红枣多糖大(0.8g/kg)、中(0.4g/kg)、小(0.2g/kg)剂量组和阳性药物组,以灌胃给药。对两种类型小鼠的处理均设立正常对照组,给予等体积的水。灌胃14d后测定小鼠空腹的血糖、胰岛素,结果表明红枣多糖对肾上腺素引起的急性血糖升高无明显作用,对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠其大剂量显示出一定的降糖作用,并使得血清胰岛素水平有所升高。     

高纯度低聚果糖生产技术的探讨

低聚果糖是一种功能性低聚糖，用于特殊目的的低聚果糖必须具有很高的纯度。本文探讨了高纯度低聚果糖的生产技术     

Duodenal glucose increases glucose fluxes and lactose synthesis in grass silage-fed dairy cows

The effect of intestinal glucose supply on whole body rate of glucose appearance (WBGRa) and mammary utilization of glucose was studied in four lactating dairy cows. Glucose (0, 443, 963 and 2398 g/d) was continuously infused in the duodenum over 14-d periods using a Latin square design. A grass silage-based diet was formulated so that treatments were isoenergetic and isonitrogenous and contained 100 and 110% of energy and protein requirements according to INRA (1989). The WBGRa was measured by the [6,6-(2)H2]glucose dilution technique, and mammary glucose balance by arteriovenous differences and blood flow measurements. Duodenal glucose infusion increased arterial glucose concentrations linearly, whereas arterial concentrations of insulin, growth hormone, and glucagon were not changed. The WBGRa increased linearly with increasing glucose loads. The increase represented 42% of the intestinal glucose supplement. Mammary blood flow dramatically increased (up to 45%) and was associated with a significant increase of arterial insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations. Mammary gland rate of glucose disappearance ([6,6-(2)H2]glucose measurement) increased linearly, whereas net mammary balance of glucose, lactose, and milk yields increased quadratically. Net mammary balance of glucose accounted for 60% of WBGRa, except for the greatest dose (47.6%). The decrease in milk yield with 2398 g/d of glucose may be explained by an imbalance in intracellular intermediate concentrations. The milk ratio of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate decreased significantly at the greatest infusion of glucose. In conclusion, exogenous glucose supply to a grass silage-based diet increased WBGRa, mammary utilization of glucose and milk synthesis.