纺织品服装贸易新壁垒——SA8000

介绍了SA8000是全球第一个社会责任认证标准，旨在通过有道德的采购活动改善全球工人的工作条件，针对SA8000对我国纺织品服装的出口造成的影响，提出了为保证我国纺织行业的持久竞争优势必须采取措施规避新的贸易壁垒。     

国内SA8000研究综述

在西方国家，一场以“劳工保护、消费者权益保护和环境保护”为主题的企业社会责任运动方兴未艾。企业、政府、学界和其它社会各界都很重视企业社会责任的推行。2001年12月由美国民间组织社会责任国际（Social Accountability International，简称SAI）发表了自我标版是全球第一个可用于第三方认证的社会责任国际标？隹的修订版——SA8000：2001，其内容包括童工、强迫性劳动、健康与安全、结社自由和集体谈判权、歧视，惩戒性措施、工作时间，工资报酬、管理系统等九项。SAS000推出后对我国经济贸易产生一定的影响，引起学术界的重视。总体而言，学界对SA8000的研究包括SA8000产生的背景和性质、SA8000对我国的影响，我国的对策以及对SA8000的规范性评判等几个方面。     

SA8000全球社会责任标准与企业发展

<正>一、SA8000及其发展SA8000 (Social Account- ability 8000)是一些非政府国际组织联合欧美的跨国公司,根据国际劳工组织公约、世界人权宣言以及联合国儿童权益公约,制定了SA8000 社会责任标准。SA8000是全球首个关乎道德、人权规范的标准,其宗旨通过对劳工权利保护的合格评定来推进企业的人权保证,它要求制造商、供应商和经销商的制造、供应和经销行为符合国际社会对其的社会责任要求。     

浅述SA8000与CSC9000

对比了我国已制定的中国企业社会责任管理体系CSC9000与社会责任标准SA8000的主要内容，分析了这2项标准对国内企业产生的影响。     

SA8000对我国丝绸行业的启示

文章介绍了SA8000社会道德责任标准的来历和主要内容，从我国丝绸行业的特点分析了SA8000标准对丝绸行业的启示和作用。文章最后提出了应对SA8000的措施和建议。     

出口轻纺产品生产企业要积极推行SA8000标准

实施SA8000的目的在于协助企业建立、维持和改善企业政策和程序。在企业可以控制或影响的范围内,管理有关社会责任事务,证明企业政策、程序和措施符合SA8000标准的要求,从而实现企业社会责任目标和经济目标的统一,改善企业形象。虽然SA8000尚未转化为ISO标准国际标准,但它已得到国际认可,更为重要的是,该标准正在激起全球组织界的广泛关注和热情。随着对SA8000的不断修订和完善,该标准最终会发展成为一个覆盖道德、社会和环境等范围很广的标准。SA8000作为第三方审核认证的准则,能够用于企业的合格评定,从而证实企业与标准的符合性。…     

SA8000可能成为我国产品出口新壁垒

近年来，一个新的国际贸易标准-SA8000社会责任标准摆在我国出口厂商面前，企业社会责任已经越来越多地出现在许多跨国公司订单的附加条件中。专家们认为，SA8000可能成为我国产品出口新的技术性贸易壁垒，国内企业和政府相关部门应早作     

企业社会责任与SA8000

国际市场正逐渐认可的一种新兴的标准体系——SA8000（Social Accoutability 8000，社会责任标准8000），社会责任国际（Social Accountability International，简称SAI）是SA8000标准（即社会责任标准）的制订和执行机构，其前身为1997年成立的美国经济优先认可委员会（CEPAA），总都设在美国纽约，2001年该组织更改为现名。这个全球首个对企业进行道德规范的标准自1997年问世以来，受到了公众极大的关注，如同ISO9000、ISO14000、HACCP等标准体系，已成为国际市场的“通行证”。尽管国内对这个标准还有不同意见，但是通过规范的制度化的约束机制来推动企业社会责任建设，是一个必然的趋势。海尔集团首席执行官张瑞敏说；“责任和利润不是博弈关系。人们对百年老店做过调查，他们都倡导社会责任第一，利益、利润第二。”（以下中译文仅供参考）[编者按]     

让我们认识SA8000社会责任国际标准

近十年来，管理体系方面的最重要的发展标志就是SA8000社会责任国际标准。SA8000社会责任国际标准自1997年问世以来，首先在欧美工商界引起了强烈反响，并随着时间的推移，受到了全世界公众极大的关注。SA8000标准是继ISO9000和ISO14000之后出现的又一个重要的国际标准。SA8000认证成为国际市场竞争中打破劳工贸易壁垒的重要武器，是成功企业的标志之一。     

SA8000对我国纺织服装行业的影响

随着中国纺织服装行业步入后配额时代,企业社会责任SA8000等非关税壁垒对中国纺织行业的影响越来越大.文章在介绍企业社会责任SA8000的主要内容、起源和国内外发展现状的基础上,分析了SA8000对我国纺织服装行业的有利影响和不利影响,并为纺织服装行业提供了针对SA8000相应的对策.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.