萌发苦荞淀粉的理化特性及消化性研究

本试验以萌发苦荞为研究对象,对苦荞萌发过程中淀粉的组成,尤其是淀粉颗粒形态的变化规律以及消化特性进行了研究。试验结果表明:经萌发处理后苦荞淀粉组成发生了变化,其中总淀粉质量分数下降了28.35%,随着直链淀粉的增加,直链淀粉与支链淀粉的比例也随之增大,在第3d时达到0.63;萌发苦荞淀粉的组成也发生变化,其中慢消化淀粉含量明显提高(P0.05);同时,适度萌发仅对淀粉颗粒的无定形区晶体结构产生影响,结晶度随着萌发时间增加逐渐增大,形成部分小分子聚合体。体外消化试验表明:较萌发前,苦荞淀粉消化性能明显改善。从萌发苦荞淀粉颗粒结构与体外消化性相关性分析结果可以看出体外消化率即血糖指数与萌发苦荞淀粉平均粒径呈显著正相关,与其结晶度呈显著负相关。从而揭示了萌发后苦荞淀粉粒径变小,结晶度变大,有利于血糖指数的降低。萌发苦荞淀粉血糖指数(GI)均小于55,属于低GI食品,是目前国内外营养与食品界推荐糖尿病人群理想食物。     

压热法制备抗消化红芸豆粉

采用压热法处理红芸豆粉，以抗性淀粉含量为指标，在单因素试验的基础上通过响应面法优化抗消化红芸豆粉的制备工艺。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为红芸豆粉悬浊液质量分数19%、压热温度125℃、压热时间35 min、冷藏时间25 h,在此条件下红芸豆中抗性淀粉含量为29.82%±0.17%。压热处理能显著增加红芸豆淀粉含量，显著降低红芸豆水分含量，有效降低红芸豆的水解指数(HI)和估计血糖生成指数(eGI)。     

磨粉方式对苦荞粉粉质特性及体外消化特性的影响

选用超微、石磨、钢磨、湿磨4种磨粉方式对苦荞籽粒进行磨粉,分析比较苦荞粉破损淀粉含量、粒径分布、微观结构、水合特性、冻融稳定性、黏度特性等粉质特性并采用酶解法模拟体外淀粉消化测定不同时间点的总淀粉水解率。研究结果显示:磨粉方式对苦荞粉粉质特性及体外消化特性影响差异显著,其中超微粉碎能显著减小苦荞粉粒径大小(D[4,3]=32.09μm),提高其亮度值(L=88.92)以及淀粉对酶的敏感度;湿磨粉淀粉颗粒形态完整,破损淀粉质量分数最低,为4.25%,冻融稳定性好,回生值低(3 732 cP),不易老化;石磨粉粉糊衰减值低,粉糊热稳定性好,淀粉水解缓慢;刚磨粉对各项指标的影响均不突出。不同磨粉方式对苦荞粉的影响不一,超微粉是一种理想的苦荞深加工食品原料,湿磨粉则适合冷冻食品加工,石磨粉更适合慢消化食品加工,而刚磨粉适合与普通食品用粉。     

蛋白质、脂肪对豆类理化特性及体外消化特性的影响

以鹰嘴豆、花芸豆为原料,制备了脱脂豆类粉、脱蛋白豆类粉及豆类淀粉;研究了天然蛋白质、脂肪对豆类粉理化特性、体外淀粉消化速率及估计血糖生成指数的影响。经不同处理后,样品在化学组成、溶解度、糊化特性等方面均有显著差异,尤以豆类粉和豆类淀粉之间的差异最为显著。试验结果表明豆类粉的淀粉水解速率低于脱脂豆类粉、脱蛋白豆类粉和豆类淀粉,蛋白质含量、蛋白质/淀粉与估计血糖生成指数(eGI)呈极显著负相关,脂肪含量、脂肪/淀粉与eGI无显著相关性。     

菊粉改善酥性饼干的品质及降低消化速率

可溶性膳食纤维可以抑制淀粉的水解消化,为研究菊粉对饼干品质的影响,通过均匀设计法优化菊粉饼干的配方工艺,并通过模拟人体胃肠道消化过程研究菊粉对饼干消化的影响。结果表明;最佳配方为低筋粉100 g,水20 g,木糖醇15.05 g,菊粉12.60g,油脂(黄油:玉米油=1:1)31 g,小苏打0.5 g,食盐0.5 g。另外,测得菊粉饼干脂肪含量为16.54%,蛋白质3.33%,膳食纤维6.87%,碳水化合物56.63%。通过体外消化模拟结果表明加入菊粉之后,饼干的快消化淀粉含量从14.51%下降到3.06%,慢消化淀粉和抗性淀粉的含量分别增加了3.67%和0.20%,且菊粉饼干的体外消化率低于空白饼干,预测菊粉饼干血糖指数为68.36,属于中等血糖指数食品。故对于高油脂饼干而言,菊粉可以抑制其淀粉的水解消化,降低其血糖指数,菊粉的应用对于开发中低血糖指数产品具有重要意义。     

不同熟化方式对青稞淀粉体外消化及多酚利用特性的影响

以青稞粉为研究对象,结合体外模拟消化,探究挤压和煮制对青稞淀粉体外消化和多酚含量及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明：不同处理显著提高了青稞粉的水解率,其中青稞挤压粉的水解率和预估血糖生成指数最高,抗性淀粉含量最低。不同处理均显著降低了未消化青稞粉中总酚、总黄酮含量和抗氧化活性,其中煮制处理分别降低了32.8%、30.5%、26.7%（FRAP法）和14.8%（TEAC法）。与模拟胃消化相比,模拟肠消化阶段显著提高了青稞粉总酚、总黄酮的释放量及其生物有效性,并主要集中在模拟肠消化的前30min;与未消化样品相比,模拟胃肠消化后,青稞粉自由基清除能力提高4倍左右。此外,消化后结果同样表明,煮制处理对青稞酚类物质和抗氧化活性的生物有效性破坏较大。     

外源GABA联合超声处理发芽绿豆淀粉的结构特性及血糖指标变化

研究外源γ-氨基丁酸（γ-Aminobutyric Acid,GABA）联合超声处理绿豆淀粉结构特性及血糖指标变化影响,获得低GI值绿豆淀粉制品,该文以不同萌发时间的绿豆淀粉为研究对象,通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射、傅里叶红外光谱等分析方法,探讨外源GABA协同超声处理对绿豆淀粉萌发过程中结构特性和血糖指标影响。结果表明,处理后,绿豆中总淀粉含量从52.13%下降到发芽96 h的21.18%;发芽12 h时,抗性淀粉含量达到70.65%。发芽后绿豆淀粉颗粒形貌无显著变化。发芽后绿豆淀粉的相对结晶度由39.64%下降到96 h的12.72%,但发芽处理并未改变绿豆淀粉的结晶类型。发芽处理后绿豆淀粉没有产生新的基团,但淀粉晶体结构的有序性降低。发芽后绿豆淀粉的凝沉性增强,其抗消化能力也增强,在发芽12 h时,发芽绿豆淀粉的估计血糖生成指数达到了22.52,相较于未处理时的27.13,可起到减缓血糖升高的作用。外源GABA联合超声处理降低了总淀粉含量,提高了抗性淀粉含量,使绿豆淀粉的消化特性发生了显著变化,为其在功能食品中的应用提供了理论依据。     

苦荞馒头抗氧化品质、体外消化特性及感官评价的研究

研究比较不同梯度苦荞粉添加量(4%、8%和12%)的苦荞馒头和小麦馒头之间功能品质、体外消化特性以及感官评价的差异,确定苦荞适宜的添加比例。结果表明：苦荞馒头的黄酮、多酚、抗性淀粉含量和抗氧化能力均显著高于小麦馒头,苦荞馒头的血糖生成指数（estimated glycemic index,EGI）明显低于小麦馒头,并且随着苦荞粉添加量的增加,样品表现出抗氧化活性增强、EGI值下降的趋势。然而,苦荞粉添加比例的增大会降低消费者对产品的接受程度。综合考虑馒头的营养价值和感官品质,适宜的苦荞粉添加量为8%。     

魔芋精粉对鲜湿米粉品质的影响

目的:开发低血糖指数魔芋米粉产品。方法:分别添加20%,10%,5%魔芋精粉于大米粉中制作鲜湿米粉，使用质构仪、快速黏度分析仪等研究魔芋精粉的添加对米粉质构、蒸煮性能、感官品质的影响，并通过体外消化模型研究魔芋米粉的淀粉水解率、消化速度以及估计血糖生成指数。结果:5%魔芋米粉蒸煮损失率与蒸煮浊度显著降低，感官评分与白米粉无显著差异，具有较好的食用品质；与估计血糖生成指数较高的白米粉相比，5%魔芋精粉添加量米粉的估计血糖生成指数显著降低至60.49,且具有更高的营养价值。结论:5%魔芋精粉添加量的魔芋米粉产品可以显著降低米粉的血糖生成指数，且食用品质可以与传统白米粉相媲美。     

野葛淀粉与木薯淀粉混粉理化特性分析

以野葛淀粉和木薯淀粉为原料,将木薯淀粉分别以10%、30%、50%和70%的质量分数掺入野葛淀粉。研究了原粉基本成分、原粉和混粉的结构、凝胶特性、抗氧化活性、热特性、冻融稳定性、消化特性、冲调特性。结果表明：随着木薯淀粉比例的增多,可以根据扫描电镜中的颗粒形状明显区别原粉及混粉,混粉平均粒径(10.68～13.05μm)均比野葛淀粉(9.47μm)高。野葛淀粉与木薯淀粉分别为C型及A型晶体结构,混粉后并未改变其结构及红外光谱图。混粉的糊化起始温度随添加量增加而显著升高(P<0.05),更难糊化。混粉抗氧化能力降低、多次冻融后趋于稳定、冲调黏度增大;混粉后硬度增大,最高达到2 410.46 g,质地硬化,凝胶性能变差;混粉的抗性淀粉(质量分数0.37%～1.59%)相对野葛淀粉较低(5.65%)。木薯淀粉的掺入对混粉影响较大,有利于从淀粉的结构和理化特性等方面为鉴别野葛淀粉中是否掺有木薯淀粉提供参考。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.