服装絮填材料保暖性能的研究

研究了羊毛、腈纶、木棉及鹅绒4种随机排列絮填纤维集合体的保暖性能,对比了4种集合体的保暖性能与透气性能之间的关系,并分析了纤维形态结构及集合体的体积密度对集合体保暖性能的影响。提出通过控制集合体的体积密度,使其包含较多的静止空气是提高纤维集合体保暖性能最主要的方法。     

发热纤维保暖针织面料的工艺及热舒适性研究

介绍了发热纤维的特点及性能,制定了发热纤维针织保暖面料的开发工艺,其中包括设备参数、原料、织针排列、三角排列、穿纱方式、线圈长度、面料参数等;并对有关针织保暖面料的热舒适性能,如透气性、保温性及透湿性等进行测试,从而为保暖面料的生产与开发提供了理论依据。     

粉煤灰纤维与植物纤维配抄制备保温隔热纸

该文研究了不同分散剂及其浓度对粉煤灰分散效果的影响,同时讨论了粉煤灰纤维与植物纤维配抄对纸张性能的影响,并且测定了纸张的导热系数。结果表明：分散剂中,羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）的分散效果最好,其分散最佳浓度为0.6%质量分数;添加植物纤维能够提高隔热纸的强度和白度,降低其透气度;植物纤维加入量为20%时纸张隔热性能最好,此时纸张的导热系数为0.037 W/（m.K）。     

Effective Thermal Conductivity of Rice Flour and Whole and Skim Milk Powder

ABSTRACT: The effective thermal conductivity for 3 kinds of powdered food (rice flour, whole milk powder, and skim milk powder) was measured at selected moisture contents, temperatures, and bulk densities. The transient heat probe method using twin probes was used for the determination of the effective thermal conductivity. The effects of moisture content, temperature, and bulk density on the effective thermal conductivity of samples were investigated. The observed values were compared with the values calculated from the thermal conductivity of air and powder, using the 3 kinds of structural model for thermal conductivity, that is, the series, parallel, and random heat transfer models. An improved random heat transfer model, in which a correction term was incorporated in the random heat transfer model, with the term written as a function of moisture content and temperature, was developed.     

Effect of compressibility on heat transport phenomena in aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics

The heat transport properties observed in nanostructured materials such as aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics are promoting revolutionary breakthroughs as thermal insulators. This article is focused on the thermal transport characteristics of nonwoven fabrics treated with aerogel for potential uses in thermal protective applications. Highly efficient aerogel thermal blankets are now considered a viable option in applications such as clothing, building, and pipelines. A variety of fiber and fabric structures or finishing parameters influence the functional properties of nonwoven materials. In order to assess the thermal properties of aerogel-treated nonwoven fabrics, the KES Thermolabo II and NT-H1 (plate/fabric/plate method for thermal conductivity, q_max cool/warm feeling, and thermal insulation) was used. Fabrics of higher thicknesses show lower heat conductance and therefore higher thermal insulation properties. It has been found that thermal insulation is also related to the weight and compressional properties of the fabric. To make an insulating material effective, it should have low compression set and high resiliency to make the still air to be entrapped into the fibrous material.     

废纺再生毡基材料的制备及其性能

为减少废旧纺织品对环境造成的污染,提高废旧纺织品的回收利用率,实现资源利用的最大化,以废旧纺织品经机械处理后得到的回收涤纶、回收麻纤维及低熔点涤纶短纤为原料,采用梳理成网与热风黏合联合工艺,制备再生毡基材料,然后通过正交试验进行工艺优化,并对其厚度、面密度、蓬松度、力学性能、保温性和透气性进行分析,得到最佳制备工艺：回收麻纤维、回收涤纶和低熔点涤纶短纤质量比为15:40:45,温度为180 ℃,时间为8 min,压力为200 N。结果表明：再生毡基材料的厚度为7~10 mm,面密度为300~450 g/m2 ,蓬松度为15~30 cm3/g,透气率为900~1100 mm/s;该再生毡基材料可用于汽车内饰和其他功能性材料的基材。     

活性炭织物制备及其保温性能

活性炭织物是一种新型的保温材料,利用管式炉将普通纯棉织物在850℃氮气保护下炭化制得活性炭织物。通过显微镜观察织物表面结构,采用红外光谱对炭化棉纤维内部官能团进行表征,并对织物的蓄热升温性能、接触热传递性能和热传导系数进行测试分析。研究结果表明,炭化后织物表面结构完好,但纤维内部基团遭到破坏,织物强力很低;活性炭织物的蓄热升温速率明显高于棉织物,能够快速达到升温平衡,减少耗能;活性炭织物的瞬态热流量比棉织物低,在接触热源过程吸收的热量少,能降低能量损失;活性炭织物的热传系数比棉织物低,和棉织物比较具有良好的隔热作用。     

Properties of Hemp–Flax Composites for Use in the Building Industry

This article presents the results of research concerning lightweight composites produced on the basis of lime, cement, and clay binders, with the addition of perlite, hemp shives, and flax straw. Tests of physical and mechanical properties of composites were performed and their basic characteristics were determined, i.e. absorptivity, density, thermal conductivity coefficient, and compressive and flexural strength. The study was conducted to determine the use of hemp and flax composites to fill the frames of a wooden house. The results prove that the composites have low thermal conductivity, apparent density, and low strength properties compared with conventional building materials.     

Airlaid nonwoven panels for use as structural thermal insulation

Thermal-bonded airlaid nonwoven webs consisting of fiber glass and polyester bicomponent fibers were manufactured, and then multilayer webs were formed into composite panels using compression molding technique. The consolidation process was optimized and the effect of bulk density on air permeabilites, mechanical properties, and thermal resistance was studied. Increasing binder amount and bulk density improved the flexural and tensile strength. Thermal resistance of the panels were found to be very dependent on the bulk density such that the resistance increased exponentially with an initial increase in density, then leveled off and decreased linearly with further increment in density. Depending on the composition and bulk density, the panels provided thermal resistance between 0.52 and 0.88 Km²/W, tensile strength between 2 and 7 MPa, and flexural strength between 600 and 3500 kPa. The findings revealed that airlaid nonwoven panels can be designed to use as structural thermal insulation materials in constructions.     

玻璃棉纤维及其纸张性能的研究

研究了6种玻璃棉纤维的纤维形态及疏解对其纸张性能的影响。利用Morfi纤维质量分析仪对玻璃棉纤维进行分析,探讨了打浆对玻璃棉纤维形态的影响以及疏解对玻璃棉纸张性能的影响。研究发现,打浆对玻璃棉纤维的长度、平均粗度及扭结角的作用不大,而纤维的平均宽度、扭结纤维比例和卷曲纤维比例受打浆度的影响较大。疏解对BM-3纤维的纸张厚度和导热系数影响比较明显,当疏解转数小于15000转时,BM-3纤维纸张的导热系数最小。疏解对BM-1纤维纸张的透气度影响最大。     

防火面料的反热辐射及隔热性能研究

在高温火场环境中,热辐射是造成消防员烧伤的主要原因,消防面料的反热辐射性能及隔热性能对保护消防员的生命安全至关重要。介绍了消防面料热传递的机理,分析了消防服反热辐射隔热面料的研究进展,提出了在强热辐射环境下面料的开发思路。认为防火面料外层可采用耐高温性能好的无机纤维作为基布,采用有高红外反射和吸收性能的材料对面料进行反热辐射处理;可采用纳米多孔隔热复合材料作隔热层。     

生物质石墨烯黏胶纤维针织物的性能

对生物质石墨烯黏胶纤维针织物的保暖、透气、透湿、抗静电和防紫外性能进行测试,并与普通黏胶针织物、棉针织物进行对比分析,得出结论:织物的密度、厚度、面密度与织物组织是影响织物保温、透气和透湿性能的主要因素,加入少量石墨烯的黏胶织物仍表现出较好的保暖性;加入石墨烯后对织物透气性没有显著影响;石墨烯黏胶织物与普通黏胶织物的透湿性均较好;添加石墨烯可以明显提高黏胶纤维的抗静电和防紫外性能。     

SiO2气凝胶/聚酯-聚乙烯双组分纤维复合保暖材料的制备及其性能

为开发综合性能优异的复合保暖非织造材料,以聚酯-聚乙烯(PET-PE)双组分皮芯结构复合纤维为主体,通过热风工艺,采用自然沉降法使SiO₂气凝胶粉末粘附于复合纤维表面,制得SiO₂气凝胶/聚酯-聚乙烯纤维复合非织造材料。对复合非织造材料表面SiO₂气凝胶粉末质量分数、微观结构、保暖性能、压缩回弹性能、拉伸性能、透气性能进行测试与分析。结果表明:SiO₂气凝胶粉末与聚酯-聚乙烯复合纤维可有效结合,SiO₂气凝胶粉末的加入对纤维网具有一定的支撑作用,提升了复合非织造材料的压缩回弹性能、拉伸性能,同时因增加了纤维间静止空气的含量,使复合非织造材料的保暖性能得到提升。     

芳砜纶（PSA）在阻燃和防火纺织品上的应用

介绍了芳砜纶（商品名Tanlon,简称PSA）的主要物理和化学性能,以及其优良的染色性能。芳砜纶是一种新型的有机耐高温纤维,具有良好的热绝缘、耐高温、阻燃、热收缩率低等性能,由芳砜纶制成的纺织品不但柔软舒适,而且易于染色。在耐高温领域芳砜纶是一种非常好的纺织材料.     

天然纤维织物湿舒适性能的相关性分析

选取棉、毛、丝、麻4类织物,分别对其厚度、面密度、透气性、吸湿性、透湿性、芯吸性进行测试,得到所需的试验数据;通过SPSS数据分析软件分析试验数据,得出结论：天然纤维织物的厚度、面密度均与织物吸湿性、透湿性、芯吸性呈负相关;天然纤维织物的透气性与织物吸湿性、透湿性、芯吸性呈正相关;天然纤维织物湿舒适性能与织物透气性之间的关系最为密切。     

木棉系列絮料的保暖性

木棉是一种天然纤维素纤维,中空度85%以上,非常适合制作保暖材料,但是由于传统木棉絮料的强力低,持久回弹性差,使其用量越来越小,所开发的木棉絮料制作新技术克服了上述缺陷。为进一步探明木棉絮料的综合性能,比较研究了木棉絮料和其他现有絮料的静态热阻和对流散热量,发现木棉絮料的保暖性仅次于羽绒,明显优于四孔、七孔涤纶棉絮料和喷胶棉,与化纤絮料相比木棉纤维将絮料中的空隙分割的很小,使得絮料的对流散热量大幅度降低,而且木棉絮料的传导热阻也明显高于现有化纤絮料。     

Novel engineering approach to optimization of thermal comfort properties of hemp containing textiles

The aim of this research was to investigate the possibilities of producing comfort hemp containing textile fabrics by assembling a pure hemp yarn with other-fibre containing yarn. The plain knitted fabrics were produced from two-assembled hemp and three variants of cotton yarns which differed in twist level, all having the same linear density. The transport properties (air permeability, water vapour permeability and thermal resistance) of the hemp-based knitted fabrics were quantitatively analysed. The results obtained demonstrated that the introduction of cotton into hemp-based textiles reduces air and water vapour permeability with the downward trend in thermal resistance. The extent to which the transport properties varied among the hemp/cotton knitted fabrics was dependent on the twist intensity of the cotton yarns. Therefore, the yarn assembling technique is an effective way not only to combine different fibre properties but to take advantage of intrinsic properties of component yarns.     

Total porosity,theoretical analysis,and prediction of the air permeability of woven fabrics

Air permeability is one of the most important properties of textile materials that ensure their comfort. For many materials for technical applications (filters, sails, vacuum cleaners, parachutes, etc.), this is one of the main properties that determine their quality. The air permeability of woven textile fabrics depends on many parameters of fabric. Thus, the determination of air permeability of woven fabric is highly complex and difficult. In this study, we attempted to establish a theoretical model for the porosity and predicted the air permeability of woven fabrics. A theoretical model was created to predict the total porosity and the air permeability of a fabric structure depending on the geometrical parameters such as pore size, warp density, weft density, fabric thickness, number of yarn, diameter of yarn, and fiber density. For the purpose, a theoretical model of porous systems on D’Arcy’s law was used, and the validity of the model was confirmed by experimental results using 100% cotton and 97/3 cotton/lycra woven fabrics. Since the amount of air passing through both the pores between yarns and the interstices in the fibers constituting the yarn structure was calculated, theoretical values of air permeability were obtained very close to the experimental values.     

PPTA@ZnO NWs的功能化修饰及导热绝缘纸基材料的制备与研究

为了提高芳纶纤维纸基材料的导热性,通过水热合成法在对位芳纶纤维(PPTA)表面生长氧化锌纳米线(ZnO NWs),进一步用硅烷偶联剂KH550对PPTA@ZnO NWs进行功能化修饰,采用湿法造纸技术制备PPTA@ZnO NWs-KH550纸基复合材料并研究其导热性能、绝缘性能及力学性能。结果表明,ZnO NWs成功地均匀包覆在PPTA表面。与PPTA纸基复合材料相比,PPTA@ZnO NWs纸基复合材料的导热系数可达0.455W/(m·K),提高115.64%,且介电强度满足绝缘要求。经硅烷偶联剂KH550功能化修饰后,PPTA@ZnO NWs-KH550纸基复合材料导热系数较修饰前基本保持不变,呈现优异的绝缘性和良好的力学性能,介电强度增加3.69%,拉伸强度提高58.75%。