再生纤维毡的制备和性能研究

为了提高废旧纺织品资源化利用技术,加快建立再生资源回收利用网络,本研究以回收的涤纶、麻纤维及低熔点涤纶短纤为原料,采用热风粘合工艺制备了再生纤维毡,并探究了热熔温度对其结构特性、力学性能、压缩性能和透湿性能的影响。结果表明:热熔温度对纤维毡的厚度及蓬松度没有明显影响,厚度在8.98～10.03mm之间,蓬松度在15.16～16.96cm~3/g之间;热熔温度与纤维毡的拉伸断裂强力成正比,与断裂伸长率成反比;热熔温度对其压缩性能和透湿性能影响不大,且透湿率在0.096 3～0.105 0g/(m~2·h·Pa)之间,产品具有良好的产业应用价值。     

废纺纤维毡成型工艺的优化

为了更好地利用废旧纺织品,选用回收的废旧涤纶纤维、废棉纤维和再生涤纶短纤,利用低熔点涤纶短纤的热学特性,经消毒处理、机械开松、混合梳理、气流成网,及热风黏合工艺制得废纺纤维毡。设计单因素和正交试验探讨原料配比、热烘温度、热熔时间、成型压力对其力学性能的影响规律,包括拉伸断裂强力和顶破强力,通过极差分析各因素对其影响的主次顺序,得出当再生涤纶短纤∶废旧涤棉纤维∶低熔点涤纶短纤比例为20∶50∶30,热烘温度185℃,热熔时间11 min,成型压力0.3 MPa时制得的纤维毡性能最为优异,拉伸断裂强力约为480 N,顶破强力约为1 082 N。     

废旧聚酯短纤/芳纶针刺纤维毡保温材料制备及工艺分析

为获得高性能保温纺织品材料,以芳纶机织物为底网支撑材料,芳纶针刺纤维网为辅网,将废旧聚酯短纤维铺网后与芳纶辅网、底网,经预针刺、主针刺加固,得到废旧聚酯短纤/芳纶针刺纤维毡。分析不同针刺工艺参数对废旧聚酯短纤/芳纶纤维针刺毡质量和厚度的影响,并测试纤维毡的保温性能和力学性能,分析纤维毡的孔隙率和厚度对保温性能的影响。结果表明:随着针刺密度以及针刺深度的增加,纤维毡单位面积质量逐渐增加,厚度不断降低;当纤维毡的厚度为6.5 mm,孔隙率为93%时,其保温率可达85.85%,传热系数为5.65 W/(m~2·K)。通过废旧聚酯短纤和芳纶复合可制备出一种高强度的新型保温纺织品材料。     

中空涤纶增强橡胶基复合材料层合非织造布的吸声性能

为改进氢化羧基丁腈橡胶（HXNBR）/单孔中空涤纶短纤复合材料（HF）在中低频的吸声性能,将厚度为1 mm、质量比为70/30制取的HF与厚度为3mm、面密度为300g/ m²的针刺单孔中空涤纶短纤非织造布（NPH）层合制取了双层材料 HF-NPH、三层材料 HF-NPH-HF 和 NPH-HF-NPH。研究认为：双层材料以HF为入射面可有效改进材料在中低频的吸声性能,吸声系数在 750Hz 处达到峰值 0.761,吸声系数大于 0.2 的有效频域为550~1700Hz,但在 1700Hz 以上中高频吸声性能 差;三层材料则在中低频吸声性能优异的同时中高频吸声性能也较好,吸声系数大于 0.2 的有效频域均为 450~2500Hz,在此范围内平均吸声系数均大于0.56,但总体上NPH-HF-NPH吸声性能更优。     

废旧棉与涤纶纺织品化学法循环再生利用的研究进展

针对我国废旧纺织品中棉和涤纶制品产量高、循环利用率低、高品质产品少等问题,介绍了化学法循环再生利用废旧棉、涤纶纺织品的方法,分析了废旧棉再生浆粕及其纤维制备技术和废旧涤纶纺织品解聚单体及其再聚合技术的现状。相关研究表明:目前已能采用低比例废旧棉再生浆粕与原生木浆混合的方式实现废旧棉再生Lyocell纤维的小规模生产;采用乙二醇醇解-甲醇酯交换技术可实现废旧涤纶纺织品化学法再生聚酯的万吨级规模生产,但仍存在技术难度大、生产成本高、回收利用率低、产品品质差,且面临“治废产废”程度有待进一步降低等难题;开发废旧棉、涤纶纺织品清洁再生与高值化利用技术是废旧纺织品循环利用的发展趋势。     

废旧涤纶短纤维/杨絮纤维毡的质量比优化及其保温性分析

为获得一种环保的保温材料制备方法,利用废旧涤纶短纤维和杨絮纤维共混,后经针刺工艺制备出高效保温的纤维毡。试验借助扫描电镜分析了杨絮纤维表面形貌与截面结构,进一步采用正交试验探究纤维质量比、涤纶短纤维的截面孔数和纤维毡面密度对纤维毡保温性能的影响。结果表明:杨絮纤维具有类似棉纤维的天然中空结构,截面中空度高于棉纤维,使所制备的纤维毡具有优异的保温性能。纤维毡针刺工艺分析表明,纤维毡面密度对其保温性能影响最大,其次是纤维质量比,废旧涤纶短纤维截面孔数影响最小。保暖性较佳的纤维毡原料成分为:6孔废旧涤纶短纤维,涤纶短纤维/杨絮纤维质量比为5.8∶4.2,纤维毡面密度为80 g/m~2。     

2015年6月开始实施的行业新标准

<正>2014年工信部颁布了一系列行业标准,以下为2015年6月1日起实施的产业用纺织品及相关行业的标准。《短纤热轧法非织造布》,标准号FZ/T 64052—2014。本标准代替FZ/T 64004—1993《薄型粘合法非织造布》中热轧粘合法非织造布。本标准适用于以短纤维为原料,梳理成网后经热轧粘合而成的面密度在60 g/m2以下,厚度不超过1 mm的服装粘合衬用和卫生产品用非织造布。面密度超过60 g/m2和厚度超过1 mm的短纤热轧粘合法非织造布可参照执行     

多组分非织造保暖材料的设计与性能研究

在保暖材料向复合型多功能发展的趋势下,设计探究了一种多组分非织造保暖材料。将不同比例的木棉、远红外三维卷曲中空涤纶、ES纤维混合,通过非织造技术加工成非织造保暖材料。对其面密度、厚度、远红外辐射温升、保暖性、蓬松度与回复率、透气性、透湿性进行了测试分析。测试结果显示,木棉／远红外三维卷曲中空涤纶／Es40／40／20保暖材料的综合性能最好,克罗值为1．54℃·m^2／W,远红外辐射温升值2．7℃,透气率1608．7mm／s,透湿率98．94g/（m^2·h）,蓬松度218．33cm^3／g,回复率86．90％。     

废旧涤棉纺织品循环回用技术研究进展

近年来废旧纺织品数量急剧增长,其中以涤纶和棉为原料的纺织品数量居多,而废旧纺织品的组分构成复杂,根据纺织品用途不同,加工过程中添加的各种染料、颜料和助剂等给回收处理带来一定困难。针对废旧纺织品如何回收处理再利用,文章主要综述以涤纶和棉为原料的废旧纺织品的组分分离以及脱色处理的研究进展。详细阐述水热法、醇解法、离子液体法等分离纺织品的方法及最新研究进展;介绍不同组分构成纺织品的脱色工艺;并展望废旧纺织品回收利用的发展趋势。     

中国废旧军服面料回收利用的研究现状及发展前景

为促进废旧军服面料的高值化回收利用,总结了国内07式军服的种类及其面料特征,系统分析了目前开纤纺纱法、再生聚酯切片法、涤棉分离技术等废旧军服面料的回收利用方法,并对废旧军服面料回收再利用的发展前景进行展望。分析表明：目前废旧军服面料的回收利用主要聚焦于简单再利用或回收涤纶组分制备高值再生聚酯切片,较少关注军服面料中其余组分的高值回收利用。针对废旧军服面料中含量相对较高的涤棉混纺面料,采用有效的涤棉分离技术高效分离涤纶和棉纤维,并以此作为原料分别制备再生聚酯切片和再生溶解浆,进一步以再生棉浆粕为原料制备再生纤维素产品将非常有前景。因而,开发高效的涤棉分离、废旧涤纶和棉纤维的高值化利用技术是实现废旧军服面料综合利用的重要发展方向。     

High-performance hybrid composites made of recycled Nomex,Kevlar, and polyester selvages: mechanical property evaluations

In modern age, prosperous business, industrial, social, and leisure activities improve and ensure the quality of lives considerably, but are inevitably accompanied with insecurity and dangers that lurk anywhere anytime. People are concerned about safety and have increasing demands on self-protection in terms of working/living environment, accidents, and raising crime rates. The increasing demands of protective textiles cause the mass production of high performance fabrics, leaving considerable amount of high performance selvages. In this study, three kinds of high performance recycled selvages, including Nomex, Kevlar, and PET selvages, are used to make high-performance hybrid composites. The recycled selvages are smashed into staple fibers using a nonwoven manufacturing process. Each recycled staple fibers are individually combined with low-melting-point polyester (LPET) fibers at ratios of 9:1, 7:3, and 5:5, and processed with thermal compression. The LPET fibers contribute to the hybrid composites with thermal bonding points, which decrease the voids between fibers, limit the fiber slide, and enhance the friction force between fibers. The shearing, expelling, and friction functionalities of LPET fibers are expected have a positive influence on the mechanical properties of the high-performance hybrid composites. The morphology of hybrid composites is observed using a scanning electron microscope, and the air permeability, tensile strength, tearing strength, and bursting strength of hybrid composites are evaluated, examining the optimal parameters.     

An experimental investigation of nonwoven filter cloth with and without reinforcement of woven fabric

In this experimental study, the effect of needling intensity and reinforcement fabric on some physical properties of needle‐punched nonwoven filters was investigated. The needle‐punched nonwoven filters with different needling intensities were fabricated with and without reinforcement fabrics. Recycled polyester fibers were chosen as raw materials, and acrylic fibers were used in the reinforcement fabrics. The variation of physical properties of filter fabrics, such as air permeability, thickness, mass per unit area, and bursting strength, was analyzed with respect to the needling intensities as well as the reinforcement materials. The results showed that the burst strength of the filters increased by using the reinforcement fabric and increasing the needling intensity until a critical level. Moreover, air permeability of filters decreased by using the woven reinforcement materials and increasing the needling intensity.     

涤纶增强混凝土的性能研究

采用涤纶工业丝和相应的废弃的涤纶工业丝作混凝土的增强纤维,分别选择纤维的长度为20、30 mm和纤维的掺量为0.5、1.0、1.5 kg/m3,按国标要求制作试样并进行标准养护后,对增强混凝土的抗裂性能、抗压性能、劈裂抗拉性能和弹性模量进行测试和分析,结果表明纤维增强混凝土的上述力学性能均有所改善,试样受力破坏后不碎裂;并且随着纤维长度和掺量的增加,抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度提高;回收涤纶与新涤纶的情况大体类似,这给废弃涤纶的回收再利用和节约资源、保护环境提供了途径。不论是涤纶还是回收涤纶,长度为30 mm、掺量为1.5 kg/m3的试样表现出最优的力学性能。     

New lab-scale device for nonwoven production: optimization of setting parameters

This paper studies the effectiveness of lab scale ‘air laid machine’ designed in the Laboratory of Textile Engineering in ISET of Ksar Hellal, Tunisia for production of nonwoven. Three different types of fibers were used: cotton, kenaf, and polyester. The uniformity of the nonwovens made in terms of thickness, weight per unit area (g/m²), air permeability, and mechanical properties were determined through their coefficient of variation. The method used to evaluate the effectiveness is the overload contour plot. This study demonstrated that ‘Airlaid machine’ is compatible with different types of fibers especially at high values of frequency and pressure.     

Thermal Properties of Raw Hemp Fiber as a Loose-Fill Insulation Material

The article presents the possibilities of using hemp fiber as a loose-fill insulation material. The article presents the results of research concerning raw hemp fiber obtained from the Polish crop of industrial hemp of Bia?obrzeskie variety. The analysis involved evaluation of thermal conductivity in function of bulk density and air permeability, the properties important for insulation materials. The results of laboratory investigation were used to create the numerical simulation models of heat transfer in the frame wall partitions filled with hemp fibers. The study showed that with the increase of bulk density, the thermal conductivity and air permeability of material decrease. The obtained lambda values are comparable with the characteristic values for conventional thermal insulation materials. The results of heat transfer and temperature distribution reveal that hemp fibers characterize with strongly air permeance, what affects on the need for additional barriers against air filtration.     

Stress–strain behavior of polyamide 6 staple fibers of punch-needled press felts under simulated wet-pressing conditions

This study evaluates the specific stress (tenacity) and strain (elongation) of polyamide 6 staple fibers, which were virgin, punch-needled on the press felt, and worn on the press felt under simulated wet-pressing conditions. The staple fibers were distinguished by molecular weights. The fiber deformation and defects were microscopically characterized after the felt preparation and aging. We discovered that the tensile breaking force and elongation of the polyamide 6 staple fibers decreased markedly during the felt preparation and aging. The mechanical reduction of staple fibers reflected their tenacity, work, and modulus values. Surprisingly, the linear density of staple fibers remained unchanged – although fibers strongly deformed and lost their mechanical properties after the felt aging. The results indicate that an increase in molecular weight improves the mechanical durability of staple fibers, the preparation of the press felt (punch-needling) decreases the tenacity and elongation of staple fibers, and humidity provokes their degradation.     

竹纤维/低熔点涤纶复合毡的性能研究

采用物理方法将竹纤维与双组份低熔点涤纶按一定比例混合,经过开松、梳理、铺网等工序制备出多层纤维网,利用热风烘压方法将多层纤维网制成毡基材料。利用扫描电镜观察并表征了竹纤维和复合毡的形态;测试分析了竹纤维的结晶度、官能团结构、纤维直径及其分布、拉伸断裂强力性能;对双组份低熔点涤纶的长度与熔点进行了表征分析;对竹纤维/双组份低熔点涤纶复合毡的拉伸断裂强力性能、透气性与传热性能进行了分析评价。结果表明,纤维复合毡的性能与竹纤维的含量相关,断裂强力与传热性能及竹纤维含量呈正相关,透气性随着竹纤维含量的增加先变大后变小。     

涤锦复合超细负离子纤维的研发

采用原位聚合的工艺,制备出含微量稀土元素的电气石纳米粉体/聚酯复合材料,运用涤锦复合高速纺丝POY－DTY二步法技术,生产出涤锦(70/30)负离子超细纤维的DTY长丝,对生产工艺参数与纤维力学性能关系进行了探讨,确定最佳生产工艺,并对纤维的负离子发生率进行了测试。结果表明,该法生产的纤维各项性能指标比普通聚酯有所下降,负离子发生率明显高于普通负离子纤维。     

机织过滤布的透气性研究

本文就涤纶长丝机织过滤布的经纬纱捻度、密度、厚度及单位面积重量对透气性的影响进行了测试和定量分析,给出了该织物透气量与其经纬纱捻度、经纬纱密度、平方米重量和厚度的关系的经验公式,为机织物过滤材料的设计和试织提供了理论依据。