草鱼鱼鳔胶原性质的研究

为了有效利用鱼类废弃物,从草鱼鳔中提取酸溶性胶原(ASC)和酶溶性胶原(PSC)并对其部分性质进行研究。ASC 和PSC 的提取得率以干基计分别为4.7% 和11.1%;ASC 和PSC 的紫外光谱表明,最大吸收峰都接近于230nm;氨基酸组成分析表明,ASC 和PSC 中羟脯氨酸和羟赖氨酸的总含量分别为16.87% 和17.55%;十二烷基硫酸钠- 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)图谱显示草鱼鳔胶原至少由两条不同的α链(α1 和α2)组成,与I 型胶原相似;ASC 和PSC 热变性温度(Td)分别为33.0、34.8℃,比猪皮胶原的热变性温度(37℃)低3～4℃。结果表明,草鱼鳔胶原有可能替代或作为补充陆生动物胶原广泛应用于工业领域。     

关节镜清理术配合玻璃酸钠注射治疗膝骨关节炎疗效分析

目的观察关节镜清理术配合注射玻璃酸钠(施沛特)治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床效果。方法将膝关节疼痛、局部压痛、关节肿胀和活动障碍等临床表现量化,并作为疗效评价指标。治疗组60例先在关节镜下行关节镜清理术,术后同时每周应用玻璃酸钠2 mL关节腔内注射;对照组30例仅用玻璃酸钠2 mL关节腔内注射,均5周1疗程。结果治疗组治愈率51.7%,总有效率96.7%;对照组治疗组治愈率40.0%,总有效率80.0%,两组疗效有显著差异(P0.05),且治疗组各项观察指标治疗前后评分有显著差异(P0.05)。结论关节镜清理术配合注射玻璃酸钠疗效显著确切,值得推广。     

草鱼鱼鳞、鱼皮和鱼骨酸溶性胶原蛋白特性对比研究

从草鱼鱼鳞、鱼皮和鱼骨中提取酸溶性胶原蛋白(ASC),对其特性进行对比分析。紫外光谱和电泳图谱结果显示,3种ASC紫外特征吸收峰出现位置与I型胶原蛋白紫外特征吸收峰出现的位置基本一致,分子结构都至少含有两条α链;傅里叶红外光谱显示,草鱼鱼鳞、鱼皮和鱼骨ASC在酰胺A带的N-H伸缩均以氢键形成缔合体,酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅲ带的特征吸收峰表明鱼鳞和鱼骨ASC的α-螺旋结构保存较完整,鱼皮ASC的α-螺旋结构已经被破坏;3种ASC在热稳定性方面存在一定差异,热变性温度鱼骨ASC(34.5℃)鱼皮ASC(32℃)鱼鳞ASC(31℃),可能与胶原存在的组织和所处的环境有关。     

牛蛙皮中未变性Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的提取及性能表征

观察了胶原蛋白在牛蛙皮肤组织中的分布形态。分别采用酸法和酸酶法提取得到酸溶胶原(ASC)和酶溶胶原(PSC)。理化性质分析结果表明:所提取得到的胶原为未变性Ⅰ型胶原;紫外吸收峰在233 nm处;ASC的变性温度(32.60℃)高于PSC的变性温度(32.22℃),而ASC的等电点(6.79)低于PSC的等电点(7.15);牛蛙皮胶原的氨基酸组分中,亚氨基酸的含量较牛皮的低,较鱼皮的高,同时,牛蛙皮胶原中含有牛皮胶原中没有的半胱氨酸。     

鲢鱼皮、鱼鳞胶原的制备及理化特性的研究

从鲢鱼皮、鱼鳞中分别提取并纯化酸溶性和酶溶性胶原,得到四种不同的胶原,并分析四种胶原在分子组成、空间结构、热稳定性等方面的异同,为基于淡水鱼来源的胶原材料的构建提供理论依据。研究发现,四种胶原的紫外图谱、红外图谱和圆二色谱图相似,即空间结构类似,均具有天然的三股螺旋的空间构象,符合典型的Ⅰ型胶原的特点;四种胶原的氨基酸组成和比例接近;酸溶性胶原(ASC)的分子结构中二聚体β链含量多,且α1链和α3链的分子量相同,酶溶性胶原(PSC)的分子结构中二聚体β链含量少,三条α链区分明显,且鱼皮PSC和鱼鳞PSC的α链分子量分布不同;ASC溶液的粘度大于PSC,鱼皮ASC溶液的粘度大于鱼鳞ASC;四种鲢鱼胶原的热变性温度不同,即用不同方法从不同部位提取的胶原热稳定性有差异。     

氯诺昔康联合玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效

目的:本文旨在探究氯诺昔康联合玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎(KOA)的临床效果。方法:选择我院于2015年2月至2016年8月期间所收治符合要求的KOA患者共80例作为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组有患者40例,给予对照组患者注射生理氯化钠溶液及玻璃酸钠治疗,给予治疗组患者注射氯诺昔康联合玻璃酸钠治疗,对两组患者的临床疗效进行比较。结果:两组患者在WOMAC、VAS评分上较治疗前均有明显好转,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),其中,治疗组的效果较对照组更为显著,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论氯诺昔康联合玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效较为显著,值得推广。     

局部姑息性放疗与口服阿片类药物治疗肿瘤骨转移患者疼痛的疗效对比

目的 :探讨分析肿瘤骨转移患者运用局部姑息性放疗与口服阿片类药物治疗对疼痛的影响及临床疗效。方法 :将2016年1月至2018年2月期间至我院接受干预治疗的86例肿瘤骨转移患者作为本次研究的主体,根据不同的治疗方法将入选患者分成参照组(43例)及试验组(43例),分别给予口服阿片类药物及局部姑息性放疗干预,观察对比两组患者肿瘤骨转移疼痛的临床效果。结果:观察比较患者的肿瘤骨转移疼痛症状总缓解率,试验组显著高于参照组(95.3%:72.0%),数据差异性显著(p 0.05);观察患者的并发症发生率情况,试验组并发症发生率明显低于参照组(13.9%:34.8%),两组数据差异性显著(p 0.05)。结论 :局部姑息性放疗及口服阿片类药物均为临床干预治疗肿瘤骨转移患者疼痛的有效方法,但局部姑息性放疗达到的镇痛效果更佳,临床疗效安全可靠。     

热处理对罗非鱼皮酸溶性胶原性质的影响

考察热处理时间对罗非鱼皮酸溶性胶原(acid-soluble collagen,ASC)理化性质和成膜能力的影响。结果发现,热处理时间对胶原的紫外吸收和分子质量分布没有明显影响;随着热处理时间的延长,ASC的比浓黏度发生下降,变性温度和热转变温度分别从32.6℃和38.15℃下降至27.0℃和29.19℃。浊度实验结果表明,当ASC在42℃条件下热处理超过10 min后,ASC不具备成纤维能力。而且,热变性的胶原还会阻碍天然胶原的纤维形成。另一方面,随着热处理时间的延长,胶原膜的抗拉伸强度从30.81 MPa增加至41.33 MPa,断裂延伸率从8.95%增加至11.59%,透明度值从2.42增加至3.33。根据扫描电子显微镜观察的结果,发现胶原膜的纤维状网络结构随着热处理逐渐转变成类似皱纹的纹理结构。以上研究结果表明,经过热变性后,罗非鱼皮ASC的成纤维能力下降,但成膜能力却出现上升。     

可注射胶原溶液的研究进展

概括了可注射胶原的历史发展,介绍了可注射胶原溶液的基本概念、提取和制备的基本原理和方法,阐述了可注射胶原溶液的主要应用.同时预测了可能遇到并需要解决的问题,展望了可注射胶原溶液的发展前景.     

曲安奈德关节腔注射与冲击波治疗肩周炎的对比研究

目的观察曲安奈德关节腔注射、冲击波治疗肩周炎与物理治疗的临床效果及安全性。方法将120例肩周炎患者分为3组,每组40例。对照组：采用非甾体消炎药塞来昔布200 mg口服+局部微波及偏振光照射;曲安奈德肩关节腔注射组：自肩峰下方肱骨大结节上方间隙中入注关节腔及肱骨大结节区痛点,注射曲安奈德10 mg,每周1次,连续3次;冲击波组：给予1.5~2.5 MPa治疗压力,频率10 Hz,冲击剂量1800~2000次,共治疗4周。比较3组患者的治疗前、治疗后第4周、8周疼痛缓解评价、治疗后8周疗效判断。结果两治疗组效果均优于对照组,两组之间无差异。结论曲安萘德与冲击波组均能能有效地应用于肩周炎治疗,冲击波更在对有肾上腺皮质激素禁忌症的患者中具有优越性。     

燕麦水溶性膳食纤维对高脂喂养小鼠肥胖预防研究

研究燕麦水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)对高脂肥胖影响。75只雄性昆明种小鼠随机分成5组,正常对照组(NC)饲喂基础饲料;模型组(MG)饲喂高脂饲料;SDF高、中、低三个剂量预防实验组(SH、SM和SL)分别饲喂混有2.75 g/kg.BW、4.62 g/kg.BW和6.38 g/kg.BW三个剂量SDF高脂饲料;实验时间共3周(w),每周记录测定小鼠体重、体长、采食量,实验期末测定血脂浓度、体脂重量及脂体比重。结果表明,SDF可有效预防动物因饲喂高脂饲料而产生体重显著增高及体脂累积造成Lee氏肥胖指数升高;能不同程度控制小鼠血清TG、TC、LDL-C升高和HDL-C降低,添加燕麦SDF对高脂饮食性肥胖具有一定预防作用。     

Acidified sodium chlorite antimicrobial treatment of broiler carcasses

An acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) solution was investigated for its antimicrobial effects on broiler carcasses processed under conditions similar to those used in U.S. commercial poultry facilities. Of particular interest was the ability of the ASC solution to reduce natural bioburden in a prechill procedure. A number of parameters such as pretreatment washing of carcasses with water (no wash versus water wash), ASC concentration (500, 850, and 1,200 ppm), method of application (spray versus dip), and method of acid activation (phosphoric acid versus citric acid) were explored to evaluate disinfection conditions. ASC dip solutions (18.9 liters) were freshly prepared for groups of five prechill eviscerated carcasses per treatment (n = 10 carcasses). ASC treatment was shown to be an effective method for significantly reducing naturally occurring microbial contamination on carcasses. Reductions following immersion dipping were demonstrated at all disinfectant concentrations for total aerobes (82.9 to 90.7%), Escherichia coli (99.4 to 99.6%), and total coliforms (86.1 to 98.5%). Additionally, testing showed that ASC solutions maintained stable pH and minimal chlorite ion concentration deviations throughout each treatment. The results of the parameter evaluations indicated that maximal antimicrobial activity was achieved in carcasses that were prewashed and then exposed to a 5-s dip in a solution containing phosphoric acid- or citric acid-activated ASC. At 1,200 ppm ASC, a mild but transitory whitening of the skin was noted on dipped carcasses. The results support the methods currently approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for the use of ASC solutions as a prechill antimicrobial intervention in U.S. poultry processing plants.     

Compositional and physicochemical characteristics of acid solubilized collagen extracted from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monoceros)

Acid solubilized collagen (ASC) was extracted from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monoceros) using 0.5 M acetic acid, followed by precipitation with 2.6 M NaCl. ASC with the yield of 4.19% (wet weight basis) was identified as type I collagen, which was composed of two α₁ chains and one α₂ chain. Different peptide maps were observed between ASC hydrolyzed by V8 protease and lysyl endopeptidase. The maps were also different from those of type I collagen from calf skin, suggesting the differences in amino acid sequences between both collagens. Glycine was the most predominant amino acid. ASC contained the relatively higher content of alanine, but lower contents of proline and hydroxyproline, compared with calf skin collagen. FTIR analysis showed that ASC was in triple helix structure. T_max of ASC dispersed in 0.05 M acetic acid and deionized water were 27.7 and 35.8 °C, respectively. Relative viscosity of 0.03% (w/v) ASC dissolved in 0.1 M acetic acid decreased continuously as the temperature increased from 4 to 52 °C, indicating thermal destabilization or denaturation of ASC molecules. ASC had the solubility greater than 90% in very acidic pH range (pH 1–4) and the solubility decreased continuously with increasing NaCl concentrations (0–6%). Net charge of ASC and calf skin collagen became zero at pHs of 5.58 and 5.68, respectively as determined by zeta potential titration. Therefore, skin of unicorn leatherjacket can be used as an alternative collagenous source.     

Effect of simulated spray chilling with chemical solutions on acid-habituated and non-acid-habituated Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells attached to beef carcass tissue

Samples (10 by 20 by 2.5 cm) of beef carcass tissue were inoculated (10(4) to 10(5) CFU/cm2) with Escherichia coli O157: H7 that was either non-acid habituated (prepared by incubating at 15 degrees C for 48 h in inoculated filter-sterilized composite [1:1] of hot and cold water meat decontamination runoff fluids, pH 6.05) or acid habituated (prepared in inoculated water fluids mixed with filter-sterilized 2% lactic acid [LA] runoff fluids in a proportion of 1/99 [vol/vol], pH 4.12). The inoculated surfaces were exposed to conditions simulating carcass chilling (- 3 degrees C for 10 h followed by 38 h at 1 degree C). Treatments applied to samples (between 0 and 10 h) during chilling included the following: (i) no spraying (NT) or spraying (for 30 s every 30 min) with (ii) water, (iii) cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC; 0.1 or 0.5%), (iv) ammonium hydroxide (AH; 0.05%), (v) lactic acid (LA; 2%), (vi) acidified sodium chlorite (ASC; 0.12%), (vii) peroxyacetic acid (PAA; 0.02%), (viii) sodium hydroxide (SH; 0.01%), or (ix) sodium hypochlorite (SC; 0.005%) solutions of 4 degrees C. Samples were taken at 0, 10, 24, 36, and 48 h of the chilling process to determine changes in E. coli O157:H7 populations. Phase 1 tested water, SH, PAA, LA, and 0.5% CPC on meat inoculated with non-acid-habituated pathogen populations, whereas phase 2 tested water, SC, AH, ASC, LA, and 0.1% CPC on meat inoculated with acid- and non-acid-habituated populations. Reductions in non-acid-habituated E. coli O157:H7 populations from phase 1 increased in the order NT = water = SH < PAA < LA < CPC. Reductions from phase 2 for acid-habituated cells increased in the order NT = water = SC < ASC = LA = AH < CPC, whereas on non-acid-habituated cells the order observed was NT = water = SC < AH = ASC < LA < CPC. Previous acid habituation of E. coli O157:H7 inocula rendered the cells more resistant to the effects of spray chilling, especially with acid; however, the trend of reduction remained spray chilling with water = non-spray chilling < spray chilling with chemical solutions.     

Decreased dosage of acidified sodium chlorite reduces microbial contamination and maintains organoleptic qualities of ground beef products

Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) spray was evaluated at decreased dosages and application rates to determine its efficacy for reducing bacterial contamination on boneless beef trimmings used for production of raw ground beef products while maintaining desirable consumer qualities in the finished ground beef products. Two different applications of ASC (600 ppm applied at a rate of 1.3 oz/lb and 300 ppm applied at a rate of 1 oz/lb) were used to treat boneless beef trimmings before grinding. The effect of ASC treatment on 50/50 lean beef trimmings was greater than on 90/10 trimmings. ASC at 600 ppm reduced both the aerobic plate counts (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC) by 2.3 log CFU/g on 50/50 trimmings, whereas treatment with 300 ppm ASC reduced APC and EBC of 50/50 trimmings by 1.1 and 0.7 log CFU/g, respectively. Ground beef formulations of 90/10 and 73/27 were produced from the treated boneless beef trim and packaged in chubs and in modified atmosphere packaging. The efficacy of ASC spray treatment to inhibit APC and EBC over the shelf life of each ground beef product was monitored. The APC and EBC in ground beef chubs were reduced by 1.0 to 1.5 log CFU/g until day 20. The APC and EBC for products in modified atmosphere packaging were reduced 1.5 to 3.0 log CFU/g throughout their shelf life. Both decreased dosages of ASC were equally effective on 90/10 lean ground beef, but the 300 ppm ASC treatment was slightly better at reducing the EBC of 73/27 ground beef. The organoleptic qualities (color, odor, and taste) of the ground beef products treated with 300 ppm ASC were found to be superior to those treated with 600 ppm ASC. Our results indicated that decreased dosages of ASC reduce contamination and lengthen the shelf life of ground beef. Furthermore, the 300 ppm ASC treatment reduced bacterial counts while maintaining desirable organoleptic ground beef qualities.     

Ultrasound Enhanced Sanitizer Efficacy in Reduction of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 Population on Spinach Leaves

ABSTRACT:  The use of ultrasound to enhance the efficacy of selected sanitizers in reduction of  Escherichia coli  O157 : H7 populations on spinach was investigated. Spot-inoculated spinach samples were treated with water, chlorine, acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), peroxyacetic acid (POAA), and acidic electrolyzed water with and without ultrasound (21.2 kHz) for 2 min at room temperature. The effects of ultrasound treatment time and acoustic energy density (AED) were evaluated at an ASC concentration of 200 mg/L. The effect of ASC concentration, with a fixed AED of 200 W/L, was also examined. Microbial analysis indicated that ASC reduced  E. coli  O157 : H7 population by 2.2 log cycles over that of water wash, while the reduction from other sanitizers was about 1 log cycle. Ultrasonication significantly enhanced the reduction of  E. coli  cells on spinach for all treatments by 0.7 to 1.1 log cycle over that of washes with sanitizer alone. An increase in the ASC concentration enhanced the efficacy of the combined treatment of ASC and ultrasonication, especially at ASC concentrations of < 300 mg/L. Increasing the ultrasound treatment time from 0 to 4 min and AED from 0 to 500 W/L were both effective in increasing the effectiveness of the ASC and ultrasound combined treatments. In addition,  E. coli  O157 : H7 inoculated on the underside of spinach leaves (rough side) were more difficult to remove than those inoculated on the upper side (smooth side).     

动物胶原纤维作纸张增强剂的探讨

本文利用皮革固体废弃物分离出胶原纤维,并用该再生胶原纤维加入纸张中,研究其对纸张强度性能的影响.胶原纤维可改善纸张的强度性能,在造纸中可作为增强剂使用.     

ACIDIFIED SODIUM CHLORITE, TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE AND POPULATIONS OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ON CHICKEN-BREAST SKIN

The present study was designed to determine the individual and combined effects of acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) and trisodium phosphate (TSP) antimicrobial treatments. Chicken‐skin samples inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus were separately dipped into sterile tap water, 10% TSP, 0.1% ASC, 0.1% ASC followed by 10% TSP and 10% TSP followed by 0.1% ASC for 15 s at 25C ± 1. On day 0, reductions were 1.4–1.6 log for S. Typhimurium and 1.1–2.1 log for S. aureus, while they were 1.8–2.9 and 0.7–1.7 log, respectively, on day 5 of storage. Results indicated that treatment with ASC solution alone was more effective than treatment with ASC and TSP solutions combined in reducing S. aureus populations on chicken skin during the entire storage period. Similarly, treatment with TSP solution alone was more effective than treatment with ASC and TSP solutions combined in reducing S. typhimurium populations on chicken skin on days 1, 3 and 5 of storage.     

新收获稻谷储藏期间蛋白含量及PPO活性的变化

分析了40℃、RH80%条件处理4d后置于15℃和23℃的籼稻和糯稻发芽率、多酚氧合酶(PPO)活性及蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明,40℃、85%RH温湿处理4d,显著提高2个稻谷品种发芽率,降低稻谷PPO活性。PPO活性在60～90d期间出现高峰,籼稻PPO活性对高温高湿敏感度高于糯稻。水溶性、盐溶性、醇溶性蛋白在30d出现一峰值,60d之后还有积累高峰;谷蛋白60d前急剧积累,之后积累缓慢。储藏期间稻谷巯基含量呈现下降趋势。短时间老化处理降低籼稻谷蛋白/醇蛋白比率峰值和巯基含量,却提高糯稻谷蛋白/醇蛋白比率峰值和巯基含量,即籼稻和糯稻陈化过程存在差别。