混凝沉淀+接触氧化+氯脱色处理服装加工废水

概述了该废水处理项目的情况,即废水的组成、特点、水量及水质,介绍了混凝沉淀+接触氧化+次氯酸钠脱色处理该废水的工艺流程,阐述了工程中主要构筑物及设计参数,以及其工程调试及运行情况。实践表明,该系统处理效果好,运行稳定,操作管理方便,运行费用低。     

染料废水处理工艺剖析

染料废水具有水量大、水质复杂、色度深、化学需氧量、含盐量和酸碱度高、可生化性差等特点,是工业废水治理的难点之一。本废水处理采用中和＋电解＋H/O＋生物接触氧化法＋活性炭吸附的工艺处理染料废水,具有投资少、处理效果好、抗水质变化冲击能力强、操作简便等特点。废水经过处理后符合DB21/1627-2008《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》,为染料废水的处理提供了一条有效途径。     

染料废水处理工艺剖析

染料废水具有水量大、水质复杂、色度深、化学需氧量、含盐量和酸碱度高、可生化性差等特点,是工业废水治理的难点之一.本废水处理采用中和+电解+H/O+生物接触氧化法+活性炭吸附的工艺处理染料废水,具有投资少、处理效果好、抗水质变化冲击能力强、操作简便等特点.废水经过处理后符合DB21/1627-2008<辽宁省污水综合排放标准>,为染料废水的处理提供了一条有效途径.     

印染废水的Fenton及类Fenton处理技术

印染废水具有水量大、有机物含量高、可生化性差、色度高、碱度大等特点,Fenton技术作为印染废水的常用前处理工艺得到广泛应用。介绍了各种类Fenton技术对印染废水的降解机理、应用优点及不足,将多种类Fenton技术联用,分析其在印染废水处理中的应用。     

两级A/O工艺在合成革废水处理中的应用

本文介绍了两级A/O工艺在合成革工业园区污水处理厂废水处理中的应用。参考该污水处理厂二期工程设计参数及运行情况,优化其三期扩建工程技术设计。本工程通过设置分段进水、加大混合液回流比以及采用磁悬浮鼓风机曝气等措施,提高了两级A/O工艺对合成革废水的处理效果,同时减少了碳源投加量,降低了电力能耗。经过后期运营,处理后的出水水质达到了《合成革与人造革工业污染物排放标准》(GB 21902-2008)排放标准中表2规定的水污染物排放要求,表明两级A/O工艺在合成革废水处理中应用的可行性。     

啤酒废水处理工艺及其资源化利用研究综述

随着人们生活水平的提高,我国啤酒工业迅速发展。啤酒生产耗水量大且出水水质有其自身特点。对此,啤酒废水处理是啤酒工业发展循环经济以及实现资源的可持续性利用的一个重要环节。根据啤酒废水水质水量的情况,综述了常见的啤酒废水处理工艺,同时就如何利用啤酒废水及其中水回用提出建议。     

国外印染废水治理概况(上)

印染废水的水量与水质在工业废水排队中的次序是较显著而突出的,据统计印染废水排放量占用水量的80～90％,故废水排放量很大。水质中主要污染物成分,按其来源划分,大致有两大类,第一类是纤维原料本身的含杂;第二类是纺织过程中所用的油剂、浆料以及印染加工过程中所用的染料和化学药剂。染料结构中含有有毒成分硝基化合物和胺基化合物,以及铬、铜、锌、砷等重金属元素,化学药剂中使用大量碱剂。所有这些污染物表现在印染废水的水量大、碱度大、有机污染物含量高、色泽深、毒性大和水质水量变化大。 废水的排放指标名目繁多,由各国环保部门根据当地情况与环保要求而制订的,并非固定不变,可按不同地区的情况及历史的先后而有所变化,故排放指标的性质也有轻重缓急之分。但就印染废水而言,首先考虑的主要排放指标是有机污染物、色     

制革废水处理过程溶解性有机物的光谱特性分析

制革是我国经济发展中重要产业之一,但是,制革工业生产产生大量废水,制革废水在工业废水中占比较大,对环境污染严重。现阶段对制革废水的研究重点集中在进水及出水水质控制方面,很少涉及到废水处理汇总的溶剂型有机物的转化规律及净化探究。文章以紫外光谱及三维荧光光谱法,对废水处理中溶解性有机物的生成特性分析,希望建设总荧光强度及水质参数的线性关系。研究发现,废水中溶解性有机物吸光率随紫外波长,先增加后下降,最大锋位在230nm。以下就对制革废水处理过程溶解性有机物的光谱特性详细分析,揭示一定的制革废水净化规律,以此为制革废水处理提供一定参考。     

造纸厂废水回用处理工艺方案可行性分析

本文对天津市某瓦楞纸造纸厂废水处理及回用工艺进行可行性分析，结果表明，废水处理站生化处理单元主要污染物去除率为BOD5 98．5％、CODcr87．4％、SS95％。废水处理站改造后，出水水质完全达到生产水质要求，可全部回用于造纸生产，实现造纸废水“零排放”。造纸废水回用具有工艺及经济可行性，从根本上消除了水环境容纳本项目污染排放的压力，具备环境可行性。     

毛精纺印染废水处理技术研究

文章研究了毛精纺印染废水的两个来源,洗毛废水和染色废水,而印染废水是主要的废水来源。分析了毛精纺印染废水的特点及常用的四种处理方法,即物理吸附法、化学法、物化法和生化法。接着研究了洗毛废水处理和印染废水处理的流程及工艺,从水质的控制指标可以肯定,经过废水处理后其水质符合要求,满足清洁化生产的要求,也符合环保的要求。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status