再生丝素蛋白甲酸溶液静电纺丝影响因素的研究

静电纺丝是一种简单而有效地获得纳米纤维的方法.以98％甲酸为溶剂,分别溶解再生丝素蛋白室温干燥膜和烘干膜进行静电纺丝技术,根据静电纺丝原理,研究了不同再生丝素蛋白干燥膜、溶质质量分数、静电纺丝电压以及混纺壳聚糖丝素蛋白等因素对纳米纤维形态的影响.结果表明:再生丝素蛋白室温干燥膜较烘干膜可纺性高,电纺液质量分数和电压与纤维形貌具有高度相关性,是影响丝素静电纺丝的两个主要因素.壳聚糖的加入可改善低浓度纯丝素溶液静电纺丝纳米纤维的形貌结构.     

电子纺丝法制备的丝素纳米纤维结构和性能

电子纺丝制成的纳米丝素膜可用作伤口包覆材料。以甲酸为溶剂制备丝素纺丝液，用50％(v／v)甲醇溶液作纺后处理剂以提高结晶度。未经处理的丝素纳米纤维和经过化学处理的丝素纳米纤维的形态结构及多孔性可通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、水银孔率法、广角X衍射(WAXD)、衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR—IR)、固态^13CCP／MAS核磁共振(NMR)谱图进行观察。SEM显示电子纺丝素纳米纤维的平均直径达80nm，分布在30～120nm之间。电子纺丝法制备的无纺布状丝素纳米膜的孔隙率达76．1％，这表明其具有多孔性。电子纺丝素纳米纤维用甲醇处理后，10min之内其结构由无规卷曲转变为β折叠，这可由固态^13CCP／MAS核磁共振(NMR)、衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR—IR)、广角X衍射(WAXD)法得到证实。     

文摘天地

041755电子纺丝法制备的丝素纳米纤维结构和性能/常丽娜编译,尹桂波校/国外丝绸,2004,No.3,32～35,38电子纺丝制成的纳米丝素膜可用作伤口包覆材料。以甲酸为溶剂制备丝素纺丝液,用50%(V/V)甲醇溶液作纺后处理剂以提高结晶度。未经处理的丝素纳米纤维和经过化学处理的丝素纳米纤维的形成结构及多孔性可通过电子显微镜(SEM)、水银孔率法、广角X衍射(WAXD)、衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-IR)、固态βCCP/MAS核磁共振(NMR)谱图进行观察。SEM显示电子纺丝素纳米纤维的平均直径达80nm,分布在30～120nm之间。电子纺丝法制备的无纺布状丝素…     

静电纺再生丝素纳米纤维形态结构的研究

以98％甲酸为溶剂溶解再生丝素室温干燥膜后，采用静电纺丝纺制丝素纳米纤维；采用扫描电镜观察其形态结构：研究并分析了纺丝液质量分数、电压、喷丝头到收集网的距离、纺丝管口径对纤维直径及形态的影响。结果表明：质量分数为11％-19％的纺丝液静电纺丝均能获得丝素纳米纤维，质量分数为11％、13％，电压为32kV，固化距离为7cm时，能够获得平均直径分别为91、96nm的纳米纤维：纤维直径随纺丝液质量分数的增加而增大，随电压的增大而减小，可根据纺丝液质量分数和电压选择合适的固化距离和管口径。     

添加剂对静电纺丝素纤维形貌与结构的影响

在再生丝素/甲酸纺丝液中加入LiBr和Na2B4O7等电解质后进行静电纺丝。采用SEM观察纤维的形貌和IR测定结构，与纯丝素电纺丝比较分析。结果表明，在质量分数为11%的丝素纺丝液中加入1%LiBr和0.8%Na2B4O7的电纺丝完全消除了珠状纤维及断头，形成细而均匀的规整纤维。电压为26kV，极距为12cm的电纺丝平均直径在120nm和139nm，最小直径为36nm和78nm，加入1%LiBr的电纺丝素β折叠构象增加。     

丝素/胶原蛋白共混纳米纤维的结构分析

采用桑蚕废丝制作再生丝素室温干燥膜,并以不同质量比例与水溶性胶原蛋白混合,溶解于质量分数为98%的甲酸中制得不同质量分数的纺丝液,选择一定的工艺参数进行静电纺丝。通过扫描电镜观察纳米纤维的外观形貌并计算纤维平均直径,采用红外光谱测定纳米纤维的微细结构。结果表明:纳米纤维的直径随着纺丝液质量分数和丝素与胶原蛋白共混质量比例的提高而增大;水溶性胶原蛋白与丝素之间有相互作用,纯丝素电纺纳米纤维结构以无规构象为主,含有少量β折叠,丝素/胶原蛋白共混纳米纤维β化程度提高。     

再生丝素纤维的湿法纺丝及其交联改性研究

以六氟异丙醇(HFIP)溶解再生丝素膜,通过湿法纺丝获得再生丝素纤维。再生丝素纤维经1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺(EDC)和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)作为交联剂进行后处理,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、DSC热分析法、力学性能等表征方法研究和分析了牵伸和交联前后纤维聚集态结构和力学性能的变化。研究结果表明:再生丝素纤维经牵伸和EDC/NHS交联改性后,纤维直径变细为87μm,纤维内部结构以silk II结构为主;纤维的热稳定性提高,热分解峰峰值由281℃提高至288℃;纤维的断裂强度和断裂伸长率明显增大,分别达到1.41 cN/dtex和11.38%,表现出良好的柔韧性。     

静电纺再生丝素蛋白纳米纤维膜的工艺及性能

以甲酸为溶剂,利用静电纺丝法制备了再生丝素蛋白纳米纤维膜,系统地研究了纺丝液质量分数,纺丝电压、纺丝液流速及接收距离对纤维形貌和直径的影响.结果表明,在制备直径250 nm以下、表面光滑且均匀的纤维时,纺丝液质量分数和电压是影响纤维形貌和直径的2个主要因素,且体积分数90%乙醇溶液处理能促进丝素蛋白纤维的结构从无规卷曲...     

再生丝素纤维的纺制及其结构性能研究

以溴化锂(LiBr)、六氟异丙醇(HFIP)溶解丝素纤维，通过湿法纺丝法纺出了再生丝素纤维，并以X射线衍射法、红外光谱法、热重分析法研究了再生丝素纤维的结构及力学性能等。     

静电纺再生丝素/明胶纳米纤维的结构与性能

 以质量分数为98%的甲酸为溶剂,将再生丝素与明胶以质量比70∶30进行共混静电纺丝。研究纺丝液质量分数及乙醇处理对纤维膜的结构及力学、溶解性能等的影响;测定不同纺丝液质量分数及不同厚度下纤维膜的孔隙率及孔径;在纤维膜上进行小鼠成纤维细胞(L929)和人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)培养实验。结果表明:随着纺丝液质量分数的提高或经乙醇处理后,丝素β化程度提高,纤维结晶度增大,溶失率减小,拉伸强度增大;随着纺丝液质量分数的提高,纤维膜的孔隙率减小,孔径增大,厚度增加时,纤维膜的孔隙率及孔径均减小;L929及HUVECs均能够在纳米纤维膜上黏附、生长和增殖。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status