免疫分析技术在乳及乳制品抗生素类兽药残留检测中的应用

为了预防与治疗乳牛疾病,抗生素类兽药被广泛应用于乳牛的饲养过程中。而滥用抗生素导致牛奶中抗生素残留超出最大允许残留量,不仅会对牛奶品质造成影响,而且可能会危害到牛奶饮用者的身体健康。因此,如何快速、准确地检测乳与乳制品中抗生素类兽药残留是乳品检测行业和企业亟需解决的问题。本文主要介绍了牛乳中兽药残留的来源、危害及其现状,阐述了酶联免疫分析技术、胶体金免疫层析技术的检测原理及其在应用过程中所具有的不同特点,最后对2种方法的优势与不足进行简要总结,并对免疫分析法在乳与乳制品抗生素类兽药残留检测中的应用前景做出展望。     

食品中抗生素类兽药残留的分析方法

综述了近年来抗生素类兽药残留的分析方法,分别对样品前处理、色谱检测方法及近年来发展起来的技术如化学发光分析法、电化学分析方法、酶联免疫法及生物传感器技术进行了讨论,并对兽药残留检测的发展前景进行了展望.     

免疫分析技术在有机磷农药残留检测中应用

该文简介有机磷农药危害及常用几种检测方法,对免疫分析技术在有机磷农药残留检测中应用进行归纳分析;着重介绍研究最多的酶联免疫分析法,对影响免疫分析方法几个关键因素进行综述,并探讨免疫分析技术在有机磷农药检测领域发展。     

免疫技术在动物源性食品快速检测中的研究进展

本文回顾了近年来免疫技术在动物源性食品快速检测中的应用研究,主要涵盖酶联免疫吸附测定法、胶体金免疫层析法、电化学免疫分析法、放射免疫法、荧光免疫分析法和免疫磁分离技术6 种免疫技术对动物源性食品中抗生素、致病菌、激素、毒素、重金属、中枢神经系统组织和肉掺假检测的研究进展,以期为此领域的研究提供参考。     

免疫分析技术在有机磷农药残留检测中的应用

介绍了有机磷农药的危害及常用的几种检测方法,对免疫分析技术在有机磷农药残留检测方面的应用进行了归纳分析.着重介绍了研究最多的酶联免疫分析法,对影响免疫分析方法的几个关键因素进行了综述,并探讨了免疫分析技术在有机磷农药检测领域应用的进展.     

酶学技术在食品加工与食品质量检测中的应用

本文从谷物加工、果蔬加工、肉类加工、乳制品加工四个研究领域对酶学技术在食品加工中的应用及其进展,从酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)与酶生物传感器法两个研究领域对酶学技术在食品质量检测中的应用及其进展进行了归纳和评述。糖苷酶类可应用于生产以抗性糊精、低聚果糖为代表的新型谷物营养食品,果胶酶及其复合酶制剂可以提高果汁的产量和质量,纤维素酶辅助提取技术提取果蔬中功能性成分,蛋白酶、脂肪酶应用于改良传统的肉制品、乳制品,以及制造更加营养均衡,符合保健需求的功能性肉制品、乳制品。酶联免疫分析法可以用于果蔬中农药残留以及食品中毒素的检测,可靠性更好、灵敏度更高的酶联免疫试剂盒是今后研究的重点。以酶电极为代表的酶生物传感器在食品中的有毒物、致癌物检测中也已经初步取得成功。同时,针对酶学技术在食品加工与食品质量检测中的应用存在的不足,本文也提出了相应的建议,比如通过固定化酶来降低酶制剂的使用成本,保证酶联免疫分析法的准确性,提高酶生物传感器的稳定性。     

应用酶免疫技术 高效进行食品安全检测

正一、酶免疫技术在食品检测中的应用酶联免疫分析法和胶体金免疫层析试纸法都属于免疫分析方法,在国外已被用于食品安全检测,我国也已在临床检验中应用多年。酶联免疫分析法是将酶催化反应放大,抗原抗体特异性相结合,以酶标记的抗原或抗体作为主要试剂进行免疫测试。酶免疫测定技术具有费用低廉、仪器简单易携、检     

酶联免疫法与乳及乳制品中抗生素残留的检测

对酶联免疫检测技术(ELISA)做了介绍,并对该技术在乳及乳制品抗生素残留检测的应用进行了评述.阐述了该项技术在乳及乳制品抗生素残留检测中的应用前景.     

蜂产品中氯霉素残留检测方法的研究进展

本文综述了近年来蜂产品中氯霉素残留的主要检测方法及其研究进展, 包括微生物法、免疫分析法、色谱分析法和生物传感器法。其中, 免疫分析法着重介绍了酶联免疫法, 色谱分析法则主要介绍了高压液相色谱和色谱-质谱联用技术。最后, 对现有检测方法进行了比较分析。     

市售纯牛奶中抗菌药物残留的检测

为了解山西省太谷县所销售纯牛奶中抗菌药物残留的情况，随机采购此种牛奶50份，分别采用TTC法、微生物检测法和酶标免疫分析法对样品进行抗生素残留检测，以农业部2001年发布的“无公害食品”牛奶中不得检出抗生素为判定标准。TTC法检测出4份阳性，3份可疑，阳性率为8％，可疑率为6％；微生物法检测出青霉素类残留阳性5份，阳性率为10％；酶标免疫分析法检测出四环素类阳性4份，阳性率为8％，链霉素残留阳性11份，阳性率为22％，磺胺二甲嘧啶检测结果全部为阴性。调查结果显示，市售消毒纯牛奶中有部分存在抗菌药物残留。     

Methodology for design of suitable dishes for dysphagic people

A methodology to adapt dishes for cerebral palsy (CP) dysphagic people was developed. Five conventional dishes were cooked, blended and texturized with mixtures of thickeners and gelling agents based on xanthan gum. The most appropriate texturizing agents were selected, the textural thermostability of the dishes was studied, and the shelf-life was evaluated by back extrusion, sensory and microbiology analysis. Information about the acceptability of the adapted dishes by CP dysphagic people was obtained through the control of the consumed fraction and the liking or disliking reaction after eating the dishes. The adapted dishes considered suitable for swallowing process showed maximum force between 6.2(0.1) N and 18.9(3.3) N, minimum force between −3.9(0.3) N and −9.2(1.3) N, and F_min/F_max ratio between 0.4(0.0) and 0.7(0.0). Regarding sensory characteristics, the adapted dishes showed low stickiness, residue and firmness, and high suitable texture score. The methodology was appropriate for developing suitable dishes, sensorially accepted by dysphagic people, thermostable for 7 days refrigerated storage and ready-to-eat.Industrial relevanceThis study presents the technological basis for the standardized design of suitable ready-to-eat dishes for dysphagic people. The methodology developed is of great interest to the industry of ready-to-eat dishes.     

Computation method for optimization of recipes for protein content

The authors propose a calculated protein utilization coefficient. This coefficient considers the difference between the utilization rates of the proteins being contained in the mixture and their amino-acid composition. The proposed formula allows calculations by computer. The data obtained show high correlations with the results received by biological tests with Tetrahymena cultures.     

游戏机手柄上盖注射模设计

文章分析了游戏机手柄上盖塑料件的工艺特点,介绍了游戏机手柄上盖注射模结构设计和工作过程。该模具采用浇口开设在顶杆上,在分型时实现自动拉断凝料,同时将曲面分型改为平面分型,降低模具加工的难度,节约成本和提高注塑、脱模的稳定性。生产实践证明,该套模具结构合理,运行可靠。     

大豆热风烘干机的设计计算

大豆脱皮对提高大豆油质量及豆粕蛋白含量至关重要.作为大豆脱皮中的关键设备,烘干机的设计质量对脱皮效果影响很大.以50 t/d大豆烘干机为例,介绍了大豆烘干过程中的物料衡算、热能衡算等计算方法和参数的选取,对实际应用具有一定指导作用.     

Comparison of Iterative Procedures for Solving Equations for Sire Evaluation

Gauss-Seidel, successive overrelaxation, end-of-round relaxation, and block iteration methods of obtaining solutions for sire effects from equations rising from progeny with records in mixed model procedures were compared. Equations transformed to provide direct solutions for genetic group plus sire effects as well as constrained and unconstrained equations were compared also. Equations for milk yield for the Northeast Artificial Insemination Sire Comparison numbered 301 for Ayrshires, 325 for Brown Swiss, 6,010 for Holsteins, and 926 for Jerseys after absorption of herd-year-season effects. Numbers of coefficients were 15 to 20% less for transformed equations, which decreased computing time per round of interation about 15%. Solutions for transformed equations converged more rapidly than solutions for untransformed equations with convergence criterion the ratio of the residual norm to the norm of the right-hand sides. Successive overrelaxation generally was more efficient than Gauss-Seidel iteraton. Solutions for equations constrained to full rank converged more slowly than unconstrained equations. Block iteration was more efficient than single equation iteration.     

圆形钢丝断面收缩率的快速计算法

按照ＧＢ２２８—８７《金属拉力试验法》中的公式计算断面收缩率既费时又复杂。在对原公式作进一步推导之后得出一新的计算式，按此公式可快速、难确地计算出值。     

Evaluation of triticale for use in diets for meat-type chickens

Cultivar variation in the nutritional quality of triticale grain was examined with respect to apparent metabolisable energy (AME), ileal digestibility of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and amino acids, and growth, in male broiler chickens. Eight triticale cultivars and two wheat cultivars were grown in an agronomic trial at a single experimental site to collect grain samples. Mean (±SD) AME was 13.54 (±0.64) MJ kg^?1 DM, with a range of 12.57 to 14.25 MJ kg^?1 DM. There were significant (P<0.05) differences between the grain cultivars in their DM, N and amino acid digestibility at the terminal ileum. Apparent lysine digestibility coefficients varied between 0.85 and 0.97. There was a significant (P<0.01) relationship between nutrient digestibility at the terminal ileum and acid-detergent fibre (ADF) in the cereal grains. Three triticale cultivars (Towan, Grow-quick and Ningadhu) had a lower N and lysine digestibility than the other triticales or wheat cultivars, but this was related to their higher ADF content. Trypsin inhibitor level in the cereal grain did not influence either nutrient digestibility or growth rate. Growth rate of broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age fed balanced diets which contained 50% cereal grain was significantly affected by cultivar. Birds fed one of the wheat cultivars (Warigal) had a higher (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (g feed g^?1 liveweight gain) than those birds fed diets containing triticale. Feeding birds diets which contained the triticale cultivar Ningadhu and the maize resulted in greater (P<0.05) liveweight gain than did the other cereal grains tested.     

Rationales for the establishment of limits and regulations for mycotoxins

Although 50 countries have enacted or proposed regulations for control of alfatoxins in food or feed, and 15 of these countries also have regulations for permitted levels of contamination by other mycotoxins, very few countries have formally presented the rationale for the need to regulate, or for the selection of a particular maximum tolerated level. After several successive inquiries, information concerning the rationale for regulation was obtained from 21 countries. Most of the responses concerned limits for aflatoxin in food, and most of these were based on a vague, unsupported statement of the carcinogenic risk for humans. There was a general consensus that exposure to a potential human carcinogen that could not be totally avoided should be limited to the lowest practical level; the definition of practicality depended on whether the country was an importer or producer of the potentially contaminated commodity. A claim to a hazard evaluation was made by six countries (Canada, Belgium, India, United Kingdom, United States, Switzerland) without providing specifics; and one country, South Africa, referred to a risk determination. The most comprehensive rationale for any mycotoxin regulation was provided by the United States in support of limits for aflatoxin in specific animal feedstuffs. The responses provided no rationale for setting limits for other mycotoxins; but scholarly risk assessments for zearalenone and ochratoxin A have been published by Canadian government scientists, and a symposium presentation provides the information that in Norway patulin is regulated for quality control purposes only. It is apparent that, in most countries, either the scientific basis for regulation of mycotoxins is nonexistent, or the science has not been fully utilized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)