超微粉碎协同微波提取番茄中番茄红素的研究

以番茄作为实验材料,采用超微粉碎协同微波对番茄中番茄红素的提取进行了研究。以番茄红素提取率为指标,在单因素实验的基础上进行正交实验,得出了番茄红素的最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明:超微粉碎协同微波提取番茄红素的最佳工艺条件为微波功率455 W,微波提取时间55s和料液比1∶7。在此优化条件下,番茄红素的提取率为6.46mg/100g。该实验的研究结果可为番茄红素及其他功能性食品成分的提取提供相应参考。     

微波法提取番茄红素的工艺研究

研究了微波条件下从番茄中提取番茄红素的不同因素的影响，并通过正交实验确定了微波备件下提取番茄红素的最佳工艺条件为：用正已烷作为提取剂，微波功率为288W，提取时间为100s，固液比为1：3（g／mL），提取级数为三级，提取效果最好。     

微波法提取番茄中番茄红素的工艺研究

番茄经过预处理后,以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,采用微波法提取番茄中的番茄红素,并通过正交试验得出最佳的微波提取条件。试验结果表明,微波提取最佳条件为提取级数3次,料液比1∶2,微波功率360 W,微波时间15 s,此条件下提取的番茄红素为32.32μg/g。     

番茄红素的微波提取及其稳定性的研究

研究了番茄红素的微波提取及其对稳定性的影响.试验结果表明:微波提取番茄红素的最佳条件为:以氯仿-丙酮(2∶1)为提取溶剂,料液比1∶3,微波功率360 W,微波时间15 s,提取级数2次,此条件下提取率为97.81%,且节省了时间;微波辅助提取对番茄红素的稳定性基本无影响.     

番茄中番茄红素超声-微波辅助提取及其抗氧化活性研究

以番茄为原料,采用单因素分析结合正交设计试验的方法,研究番茄中番茄红素的超声-微波辅助提取工艺。同时,以合成抗氧化剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT)为阳性对照,采用清除1-1二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH·)法与羟自由基(·OH)法评价番茄中番茄红素抗氧化活性。结果表明:番茄中番茄红素超声-微波辅助提取的最佳工艺为:以体积比7∶1的乙酸乙酯-丙酮混合溶液为提取剂,料液比1∶17(g∶mL)超声温度50℃,微波功率325W,微波时间40s,超声时间40min。此工艺条件下,番茄红素提取率为1.293mg/g。番茄红素与BHT清除DPPH·的IC_(50)分别为8.78μg/mL与21.24μg/mL;清除·OH的IC_(50)分别为5.29μg/mL与16.63μg/mL,表明番茄红素具有很强的清除自由基能力,即具有很强的抗氧化活性。     

番茄中番茄红素的提取纯化与稳定性的研究

微波法提取番茄红素的最佳提取工艺条件:微波360W,加热20s,固液比为1:0.9,浸提时间为5h。番茄中番茄红素的提取采用浸提法,以正己烷为重结晶的溶剂。结晶时间为30min,选择-5℃作为结晶纯化的温度。     

响应面分析法优化西瓜番茄红素提取工艺条件

为确定西瓜番茄红素最佳提取工艺条件,综合运用单因素试验、析因试验、最陡爬坡试验及响应面分析试验对西瓜番茄红素提取工艺条件进行了深入研究。结果表明,提取温度和料液比是影响西瓜番茄红素得率的显著性因子,西瓜番茄红素最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度45℃,料液比1∶18(g/m L),提取时间75 min,提取次数3次。此条件下,西瓜番茄红素得率可达2.740 9 mg/g。     

响应面法优化类球红细菌中番茄红素提取工艺

利用响应面法研究有机溶剂提取类球红细菌中番茄红素的工艺。以每克菌体提取所得番茄红素的量作为响应值,在单因素试验基础上,选取皂化时间、料液比、超声时间及提取次数为自变量,采用响应面法研究各因素及其交互作用对类球红细菌番茄红素提取量的影响并建立了番茄红素提取的回归模型,确定了番茄红素提取工艺的最佳条件为以丙酮为提取溶剂、皂化时间28 min、料液比1∶86（g/mL）、超声时间11 min、提取次数2 次。在此条件下,番茄红素提取量为9 326.48 μg/g。本实验所得工艺方法切实可行,为类球红细菌工业化发酵生产番茄红素的进一步研究提供技术参考。     

赣南脐橙皮皂化后番茄红素提取工艺

探讨赣南脐橙皮粉末皂化后番茄红素提取最佳工艺。以赣南脐橙皮粉末为原料,0.5 mol/L碳酸钠溶液为皂化剂,乙酸乙酯为提取剂,采用分光光度法测定样品番茄红素含量。通过单因素试验探讨料液比、提取温度、提取时间对番茄红素含量的影响;然后通过正交试验得出最佳提取工艺。结果在提取工艺中对番茄红素含量的影响程度大小依次是料液比、提取温度、提取时间;最佳提取工艺为料液比(g/mL)1∶20、提取温度70℃、提取时间40 min。在最佳提取条件下,番茄红素提取量为18.63 mg/100 g。在最佳提取条件下能从赣南脐橙皮粉末中提取更多的番茄红素。     

超声波法提取番茄红素的工艺研究

对超声波法提取番茄红素的工艺进行研究.以石油醚作溶剂从番茄中提取番茄红素.通过正交实验确定最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度为60℃;超声波提取20 min后静置30 min;料液比为1:2.在最佳工艺条件下,所得番茄红素提取液中粗番茄红素的含量为55.72m#100g(干物料).     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the