荛花皮手工造纸特性研究

本研究选取浙江衢州出产的荛花皮,参考传统手工纸抄造工艺,分别以Na₂CO₃、NaOH和CaO作为蒸煮剂,在常压、100℃条件下蒸煮制浆并抄纸,以探究荛花皮的制浆工艺和成纸特性。结果表明,使用NaOH（用量1%（对蒸煮液）,0.5~2 h）或Na₂CO₃（用量2%~4%（对蒸煮液）,4~16 h）进行蒸煮制浆,并经过40000转疏解清洗后,均可获得得率60%～70%的纸浆。实验所抄荛花纸的抗张指数最高可达124.7 N·m/g（NaOH蒸煮剂）;荛花纸亨特白度为66.8～73.9,颜色略偏黄;纸张表面pH值为6.95～8.69。干热老化实验后,荛花纸的表面pH值、白度、耐折度的稳定性均优于构皮纸。使用碱性温和的蒸煮剂在常压下煮料较长时间（如Na₂CO₃用量2%,蒸煮8 h）,可以更为稳定安全地获得强度和耐久性良好的荛花纸。荛花皮韧皮部纤维较细,是制造优质手工纸的理想原料。     

ANF/TiO2机械力化学复合对芳纶纳米复合纸抗紫外老化性能的影响

以芳纶纳米纤维（ANF）和纳米TiO₂为原料,基于机械力化学原理,采用超声共混法或球磨复合法实现ANF与纳米TiO₂复合,制备出具有优异抗紫外和强度性能的芳纶纳米复合纸（以下简称复合纸）,探究了复合方法和纳米TiO₂添加量对复合纸抗紫外老化性能与强度性能的影响。结果表明,与传统的超声共混法相比,采用球磨复合法有利于改善ANF与纳米TiO₂的界面结合。当纳米TiO₂添加量为6%时,球磨法制备的复合纸断裂应力70.13 MPa,与未添加纳米TiO₂复合纸相比,纸张断裂应力提高了12%;同时,紫外老化后,该复合纸强度保留率为81.5%,与超声共混法相比提高了15.8个百分点。随着纳米TiO₂添加量的提高,球磨复合法制备的复合纸抗紫外老化性能改善效果更加明显。     

加填对高得率浆性能的影响

探讨了分别加填TiO₂和CaCO₃对漂白高得率浆成纸强度性能和光学性能的影响。加填后,成纸抗张强度、耐破度和层间结合强度均有不同程度的降低。与CaCO₃加填纸相比,TiO₂加填纸的强度性能降低幅度较小。加填TiO₂可显著提高纸张的白度、不透明度和光散射系数。加填纸光散射系数相同时,TiO₂用量仅为CaCO₃用量的1/4。加填TiO₂可显著抑制高得率浆光诱导返黄,并且随其留着量的增加,抑制效果增强;TiO₂留着量为21.4%,加填纸光诱导返黄程度降低76.4%。加填CaCO₃对漂白高得率浆的光诱导返黄的抑制作用较小。     

d-Na2Si2O5∕PVA对无机纤维软化增强及其在造纸上的应用研究

本研究以聚乙烯醇（PVA）、d-Na₂Si₂O₅、甜菜碱为主要原料,对无机纤维（粉煤灰/煤矸石）进行软化增强研究,探索了软化增强较优工艺条件。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段对软化增强纤维进行了表征;并将较优工艺下软化增强的无机纤维与漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆进行配抄,测其对纸张性能的影响。结果表明,软化增强较优工艺条件为：d-Na₂Si₂O₅与PVA质量比为1∶1,反应温度60℃,反应时间2 h,pH值为9,冷冻温度-10℃,冷冻时间4 h,冻融5次,甜菜碱溶液质量分数10%;SEM分析表明,d-Na₂Si₂O₅与PVA形成互穿网络并包覆在无机纤维表面,形成一层柔软的膜,使其强度增加,并在甜菜碱的作用下,纤维变得超细分散,从而使纤维柔软度提高;相比未添加无机纤维纸张,当无机纤维添加量为10%～20%时,所配抄纸张的挺度增加5～8 mN·cm、环压指数、抗张指数、耐折度和柔软度与未添加无机纤维纸张相当。     

碳酸钠对纸质文献超声雾化脱酸效果的研究

本研究使用易溶性水相脱酸剂Na₂CO₃溶液,通过超声雾化对纸质文献进行脱酸处理,对其可超声雾化质量分数范围、超声雾化速率、雾化量、雾化稳定性、雾化粒径、脱酸均匀性等效果进行了探究。结果表明,Na₂CO₃溶液可超声雾化质量分数范围为0~12%;质量分数高的Na₂CO₃溶液超声雾化较为困难,超声雾化速率小;Na₂CO₃溶液质量分数越低,超声雾化速率越不稳定;随Na₂CO₃溶液质量分数的升高,超声雾化平均粒径递增且变化幅度不大。在实验条件范围内,相对于其他质量分数,质量分数6%的Na₂CO₃溶液雾化量最大,超声雾化稳定性高,脱酸均匀性最好,脱酸一段时间后,纸质文献仍能保持较好的脱酸效果。     

气调贮藏对毛豆采后叶绿素降解的影响

本文研究了5% O₂气调贮藏条件下，不同体积分数CO₂(4% CO₂、8% CO₂、12% CO₂)对毛豆叶绿素降解的影响。结果表明:气调贮藏能够有效延缓毛豆荚的黄化以及叶绿体超微结构分解，保持较好的外观品质；在毛豆贮藏过程中CO₂处理显著抑制了脱植基叶绿素a和脱镁叶绿酸a含量的上升，延缓叶绿素的降解，贮藏第20天时，8% CO₂贮藏组叶绿素a/b含量分别为40.32 μg/g和20.37 μg/g，显著高于对照组；同时CO₂贮藏组显著钝化脱镁螯合酶以及脱镁叶绿素酶的活性，在贮藏末期8% CO₂贮藏组酶活性相比对照组分别降低了19.8%和7.2%。因此，毛豆在5% O₂+8% CO₂气调贮藏条件下效果最佳。     

传统氧化去污材料对纸张纤维纤维素聚合度的影响

纤维素聚合度的大小反映了纸张老化变质降解的程度。实验采用4种氧化去污材料分别处理纸张后,再进行干热老化,测定处理前后纸张纤维的纤维素聚合度。实验表明,各氧化去污材料处理纸张后,纸张纤维的纤维素聚合度均下降,其中KMnO4-H2C2O4处理的纸张,聚合度下降最多,说明氧化去污法对纸张有较大的破坏作用,在去除纸质文物上的污斑时,应该慎重选用。     

不同树龄竹柳特性分析及其溶解浆纺丝工艺探究

通过对不同树龄竹柳进行化学组分和纤维质量的分析，确定用于制浆的竹柳树龄。采用预水解、硫酸盐法蒸煮、ECF漂白等处理，研究了不同蒸煮条件对竹柳成浆性能的影响。通过对竹柳溶解浆成丝品质的检测，评价了竹柳溶解浆的纺丝性能。结果表明，3年生竹柳的应用价值较高，以其制备的溶解浆，预水解后多戊糖脱除率达56.31%，与桉木相当。经过总用碱量（Na₂O计）19%、硫化度18%的硫酸盐蒸煮后，竹柳成浆特性黏度605 mL/g，聚合度861。经D₀E_pD₁P四段ECF漂白后，竹柳溶解浆关键性能指标均满足行业标准中优等品的要求。竹柳溶解浆与常规商品阔叶木溶解浆无明显差异，纺丝后的黏胶过滤性能较好，丝束性能指标满足国家标准中合格品要求。     

传统氧化去污材料对纸张纤维纤维素聚合度的影响

纤维素聚合度的大小反映了纸张老化变质降解的程度。实验采用4种氧化去污材料分别处理纸张后,再进行干热老化,测定处理前后纸张纤维的纤维素聚合度。实验表明,各氧化去污材料处理纸张后,纸张纤维的纤维素聚合度均下降,其中KMnO4-H2C2O4处理的纸张,聚合度下降最多,说明氧化去污法对纸张有较大的破坏作用,在去除纸质文物上的污斑时,应该慎重选用。     

回热器与制冷工质对复叠制冷系统性能的影响

建立了复叠制冷系统的热力学模型,对比分析了低温级冷凝温度、高温级冷凝温度以及回热器位置对R449A/CO₂、NH₃/CO₂、R404A/CO₂3种复叠制冷系统性能的影响。结果表明,相同低温级蒸发温度下,NH₃/CO₂系统的最佳低温级冷凝温度低于R449A/CO₂和R404A/CO₂系统的,NH₃/CO₂系统的最佳性能系数COP与R449A/CO₂的相差约2%,大幅高于R404A/CO₂系统的;复叠系统的CO2低温级设置回热器会使系统性能降低,而高温级设置回热器,R449A/CO2和NH₃/CO₂系统的性能下降,R404A/CO₂系统的性能提高。R449A在复叠制冷系统中性能优良,可作为低GWP冷媒推广使用。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.