LC-MS/MS分析罐装食品和饮料中的双酚A-缩水甘油醚(BADGE)、双酚F-缩水甘油醚(BFDGE)及其衍生物

双酚A—缩水甘油醚(BADGE)和双酚F—缩水甘油醚(BFDGE)经常被用于罐装食品和饮料中,但它们及它们的衍生物存在着潜在的致突变性、遗传毒性和抗雄激素作用,欧盟已对其总量作了限制。本文的目的就是开发一种能同时定量测定罐装食品和饮料中BADGE、BFDGE及其衍生物的快速灵敏的LC—MS/MS方法。     

石墨烯固相萃取-液相色谱-质谱联用法测定食品接触材料中9种双酚-二环氧甘油醚的迁移量

基于石墨烯固相萃取,以实际样品为研究对象,建立了食品接触材料中内分泌干扰物双酚A-二缩水甘油醚(BADGE)及其衍生物BADGE·H2O、BADGE·HCl、BADGE·2H2O、BADGE·2HCl、BADGE·H2O·HCl和双酚F-二缩水甘油醚(BFDGE)及其衍生物BFDGE·2HCl、BFDGE·2H2O等9种双酚-二环氧甘油醚迁移量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品以叔丁基甲醚为提取溶剂,超声提取,提取液经石墨烯固相萃取柱富集、净化。质量分数0.1%乙酸的5 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液和甲醇为流动相,经COSMOSIL C18分析柱分离后,采用电喷雾串联四级杆质谱检测。9种双酚-二环氧甘油醚中2种在0.5~50 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好;2种在5.0~100.0 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好;其他5种在2.0~100.0 ng/m L范围内线性关系良好(r20.992 2)。对牛肉、橘片两种罐头食品进行3个水平的添加回收实验,9种目标化合物的回收率分别为:60.0%~97.6%(牛肉)和65.7%~111.3%(橘片),相对标准偏差小于20%。方法的检测低限为0.1~1.0μg/kg。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,成功应用于食品接触材料中双酚-二环氧甘油醚迁移量的快速检测。     

UHPLC-MS/MS同时检测金枪鱼罐头中BPA、BADGE、BFDGE及其衍生物

建立了快速检测金枪鱼罐头中BPA、BADGE、BFDGE及其衍生物10种环境激素含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经C18色谱柱分离,以乙酸铵溶液和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质标准校正,外标法定量。结果表明,BPA、BADGE·2HCl及其他环境激素分别在0.5~100μg/L,0.5~50μg/L和0.1~0μg/L范围内线性关系良好;定量限(以信噪比≥10计)为0.5μg/kg(BADGE·2HCl为1μg/kg);在3个加标水平下10种环境激素的加标回收率为71.32%~96.14%,相对标准偏差为3.19%~6.79%(n=6)。该方法具有优异的灵敏度与稳定性,满足对金枪鱼罐头中BPA,BADGE、BFDGE及其衍生物的痕量分析检测及准确定量。     

食品金属罐内涂层中BADGE,BFDGE及其衍生物迁移量的测定方法

建立一种食品金属罐内涂层中BADGE,BFDGE及其衍生物迁移量的检测方法。按照标准要求,食品金属罐内涂层进行迁移试验,迁移试验所得食品模拟液进行高效液相色谱法分析。试验条件为色谱柱:Agilent Eclipse XDB-C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-水,梯度洗脱;进样量:20μL;流速:1.000 m L/min;柱温:30℃;荧光检测器:激发波长265 nm,发射波长310 nm;定量分析采用外标法。在试验条件下,BADGE,BFDGE及其衍生物分离效果较好。检测质量浓度线性范围为0.5~10.0 mg/L(水基),0.5~10.0 mg/kg(脂基),相关系数均大于0.99。水基BADGE,BFDGE及其衍生物检出限在0.06~0.23 mg/L之间,平均回收率在96.3%~107.8%之间,精密度均小于等于6.4%;脂基BADGE,BFDGE及其衍生物检出限在0.11~0.30 mg/kg之间,平均回收率在92.4%~107.2%之间,精密度均小于等于8.0%。方法操作简便、准确、分离效果好,可同时检测食品金属罐内涂层中10种BADGE,BFDGE及其衍生物迁移量。     

食品金属罐中14种双酚类物质迁移量的同时测定及杀菌过程对其迁移的影响

为了调查国内食品金属罐中双酚类物质的迁移水平,本文建立了同时测定食品金属罐中14种双酚类物质迁移量的高效液相色谱法,并研究了杀菌过程对双酚类物质迁移的影响及食品金属罐中双酚类物质的迁移规律。结果表明,14种双酚类物质在4种食品模拟物（4%体积乙酸、10%体积乙醇、50%体积乙醇和异辛烷）中线性关系良好,加标回收率为83.67%～107.05%,精密度范围为2.32%～7.67%,该方法的精密度和准确度较好,可用于食品金属罐中14种双酚类物质迁移量的检测分析。对市场上9种罐头和饮料用金属罐中的14种双酚类物质的迁移量进行了同时测定,发现有7种双酚类物质检出,无双酚A及其类似物的检出。基于欧盟限量标准要求,发现午餐肉罐头中的双酚A-（2-3-二羟基丙基）缩水甘油醚（BADGE·H₂O）、牡蛎葛根饮料中的双酚A-二（2-3-二羟基丙基）醚（BADGE·2H₂O）和黑莓罐中的双酚F-（2-3-二羟基丙基醚）（BFDGE·2H₂O）存在一定的迁移风险。此外,杀菌过程影响食品金属罐中双酚类物质的迁移种类和迁移量。迁移试验结束后,经过杀菌的金属罐中仅检测出BADGE·2H₂O,而未经杀菌的金属罐中同时检测到BADGE·2H₂O和双酚A-（3-氯-2羟丙基）（2-3-二羟基丙基）缩水甘油醚（BADGE·H₂O·HCl）。另外,食品模拟物的类型影响着双酚类物质的迁移量和迁移种类,且随着迁移温度的升高和迁移时间的增加,双酚类物质的迁移量逐渐升高直至平衡。     

食品中双酚A缩水甘油醚和酚醛清漆甘油醚的测定

建立蕃茄、凉荼、猪肉、牛奶和植物油中双酚A缩水甘油醚(BADGE)和酚醛清漆甘油醚(NOGE)系列化合物及其氢氧化和氯化衍生物的高效液相色谱—串联质谱测定方法.蕃茄和凉茶样品用乙酸乙酯和正己烷(4∶1)提取;猪肉和牛奶样品先用乙腈提取,再经低温过滤脱脂;植物油样品用甲醇提取,再经低温过滤脱脂.在正离子模式下以电喷雾电离—串联质谱仪进行测定.在20,50,100μg/kg3个浓度水平进行添加—回收率试验,平均回收率为63.6％～120％.该方法准确、高效,适合食品中BADGE和NOGE系列化合物的测定.     

超高效液相色谱-四级杆串联质谱法检测饮用水中双酚A和双酚F及其氯化消毒副产物

目的建立饮用水中双酚A(BPA)、双酚F(BPF)及其9种氯化消毒副产物的超高效液相色谱-四级杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。方法 500 ml饮用水样品经PLEXA固相萃取柱富集净化后,通过BEH C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈-水作为流动相梯度洗脱,采用四极杆串联质谱仪电喷雾负离子模式进行检测,外标法定量。结果 11种目标物质在给定的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(r~20.99),方法定量限(LOQ)为0.01~4.00 ng/L,加标回收率为78.8%~99.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于12.2%。利用该方法分析40份实际饮用水样品,BPA、BPF和四氯双酚A(4Cl-BPA)3种目标物质在样品中的检出率分别为45.0%(18/40)、40.0%(16/40)和32.5%(13/40),检出浓度分别为0.60~9.40、LOQ~106.20和LOQ~0.02 ng/L。结论本方法具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性,适合饮用水样品中BPA、BPF及其氯化消毒副产物的测定。     

南昌市罐装食品中双酚类化合物污染调查与分析

目的了解南昌市市售罐装食品中双酚类化合物污染状况,进一步完善了江西省食品安全风险监测体系。方法在南昌市范围内采集5类共65份样品,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)进行分析。结果 65份样品总检出率为69.2%,蔬菜类罐头和肉类罐头尤为突出,检出率高达100%,在所有样品均未发现双酚F及其衍生物。但BADGE·2H2O、BADGE·H2O·HCl检出率较高,最大检出值高达761、110μg/kg。结论南昌市罐装食品中双酚类化合物存在一定程度污染。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定罐头中10种双酚-二缩水甘油醚

本文旨在建立罐头食品中双酚-二缩水甘油醚的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。方法:样品匀浆后,用叔丁基甲醚和甲醇提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化,用高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱仪测定,外标法定量。采用CORTECS UPLC C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6μm)分离,正离子模式下多反应监测(MRM)方式检测。结果:10种双酚-二缩水甘油醚的线性范围为0.1~100 ng/m L,相关系数均大于0.999。检出限为0.1~0.5μg/kg,平均加标回收率75.0%以上。结论:该方法灵敏度高,检出限低,符合分析要求,适合罐头食品中双酚-二缩水甘油醚残留量检测的要求。     

金属罐装饮料中11种双酚类物质的污染调查与风险分析

目的 了解市场流通领域金属罐装饮料中11种双酚类物质的污染状况并进行风险分析。方法 在市场流通领域随机采集30批次金属罐装饮料样品, 采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析。结果 30批次样品中有9批次检出双酚类物质, 总体检出率为30%, 检出的双酚类物质为双酚A-二缩水甘油醚(bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, BADGE)·2H2O和BADGE·H2O·HCl, 其最大检出值分别为4.002 mg/kg和1.254 mg/kg。结论 市场流通领域金属罐装饮料中双酚类物质存在一定程度的污染, 需加强风险监测。     

Stability of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether in water-based food simulants

Varnishes used for the inner coatings of food cans are often based on epoxy resins or vinylic organosols. The epoxy resins can be produced from bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF), and these also contain bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) or bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) as stabilising components. These compounds may break down during storage and also by the influence of food simulants. The stability of BADGE and BFDGE were studied using reverse-phase gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with ultraviolet detection (UV). Three experimental conditions for spiked simulants were compared: (1) the storage at 25 °C (C1), (2) the storage at 40 °C (C2) and (3) the storage at 25 °C after 15 min heating at 120 °C (C3). Distilled water, 3% acetic acid and 10% ethanol were used as food simulants. It was observed that BADGE is more stabile than BFDGE. The loss of BADGE and BFDGE were minimal in 10% ethanol (39 and 46% at 25 °C, 60 and 69% at 40 °C, respectively) and highest in 3% acetic acid (60 and 63% at 25 °C, 76 and 82% at 40 °C, respectively). At experiment (C3), the hardest conditions, significant degradation was not shown in comparison with conditions (C1) and (C2), contrariwise BADGE and BFDGE in 10% ethanol were minimal degradated at conditions (C3) from all these experiments (loss of 5 and 8%, respectively).     

金属食品罐内涂层中双酚类物质的迁移及检测研究进展

鉴于双酚A及其他双酚类物质作为食品罐内涂层材料有潜在的毒性与危害,中国、欧盟、美国等国家均已严格限制它们在金属食品罐内涂料中的使用。本文介绍双酚A、双酚A二缩水甘油醚、双酚F、双酚F二缩水甘油醚的结构、应用、危害、检测方法及迁移结果,并简述固相萃取在样品前处理中的应用。     

A LC-MS/MS method for the determination of BADGE-related and BFDGE-related compounds in canned fish food samples based on the formation of [M+NH(4)](+) aducts

A new and simple liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry method for the determination of different bisphenol A (BPA) derivatives such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) and their reaction products with water and hydrochloric acid in different fish food products was developed. The extraction procedure and the chromatographic conditions were optimised for complex food matrices such as fish products. Food samples were homogenised and extracted with a 1:1 solution of acetonitrile-hexane, the solvent was eliminated in a N(2) stream and the extract was reconstituted with 0.5mL of a 0.01M solution of ammonium formate. The sample solution obtained was directly measured by LC-MS/MS without any further purification under the developed conditions. The use of a mobile phase composed by ammonium formate-methanol in a binary gradient mode produced [M+NH(4)](+) aducts for the different BADGEs and BFDGEs. These aduct's fragmentations were employed for the LC-MS/MS quantification of BPA derivatives in canned fish samples. The results of the validation were appropriate: the method was linear for BADGE and its hydrolysed derivatives up to 1000μgkg(-1), for the remaining compounds linearity achieved up to 100μgkg(-1). Quantification limits were in the range 2-10μgkg(-1). RSD (intra and inter-day) was 6-12% and the recovery was comprised between 89% and 109%. Under the optimised conditions, the chromatographic separation was performed in 8min per sample. The method was applied to the determination of BADGE, BFDGE and their reaction products in different samples of canned fish from Spanish origin. Migration results obtained were in compliance with the EU regulations.     

LC-MS/MS analysis of bisphenol S and five other bisphenols in total diet food samples

ABSTRACT

It is already known that bisphenol S (BPS) has been used as a substitute for BPA in thermal papers in recent years. It is not clear, however, if BPS has also been used to replace BPA in can coatings as currently being speculated due to a lack of credible studies on migration of BPS from can coatings and occurrence data of BPS in foods. In this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of BPS, along with several other bisphenols, and method detection limits for BPS varied from 0.0017 to 3.1 ng/g depending on the type of sample matrix and the amount of sample analysed. This method was used to analyse 159 different food composite samples from a recent Canadian total diet study. Bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol B (BPB), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were not detected in any of the 159 food composite samples, bisphenol F (BPF) was detected in only three samples (25–2360 ng/g), and bisphenol A (BPA) was detected in 10 samples (5.3–41 ng/g) which were all prepared from canned foods. BPS was not detected in any of the canned food composite samples but was detected in nine food composite samples prepared from meat and meat products (1.2–35 ng/g), indicating sources for BPS other than can coatings may be possible, which will be investigated in future studies.     

Are Canned Beverages Industries Progressively Switching to Bisphenol AF?

Seven bisphenols, endocrine‐disruptor chemicals, were analytically determined for risk assessment in 52 large‐consumption beverages collected from the Italian market. The analytes under examination were bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol E, bisphenol B, bisphenol AF, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and bisphenol M. The concentration levels of all bisphenols detected ranged from <LOQ to 1,358 ng/mL in beers and from <LOQ to 76 ng/mL in energy drinks. The results of this monitoring study demonstrate the high presence of some congeners in beers, such as bisphenol AF, for which a European regulation is not yet available. Although the concentrations of the investigated bisphenols and that are under European regulations for migration into the food (Bisphenol A and BADGE) resulted below the legal limits in all screened beverages, the importance of their presence in foods should not be underestimated. Indeed, the safety of these analogues has not entirely been demonstrated and they could contribute to the total daily intake of endocrine disruptors, with special regards to specific demographics.     

Solid phase extraction of large volume of water and beverage samples to improve detection limits for GC-MS analysis of bisphenol A and four other bisphenols

Solid phase extraction (SPE) of large volumes of water and beverage products was investigated for the GC-MS analysis of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol E (BPE), and bisphenol B (BPB). While absolute recoveries of the method were improved for water and some beverage products (e.g. diet cola, iced tea), breakthrough may also have occurred during SPE of 200 mL of other beverages (e.g. BPF in cola). Improvements in method detection limits were observed with the analysis of large sample volumes for all bisphenols at ppt (pg/g) to sub-ppt levels. This improvement was found to be proportional to sample volumes for water and beverage products with less interferences and noise levels around the analytes. Matrix effects and interferences were observed during SPE of larger volumes (100 and 200 mL) of the beverage products, and affected the accurate analysis of BPF. This improved method was used to analyse bisphenols in various beverage samples, and only BPA was detected, with levels ranging from 0.022 to 0.030 ng/g for products in PET bottles, and 0.085 to 0.32 ng/g for products in cans.     

Improved sample extraction and clean-up for the GC-MS determination of BADGE and BFDGE in vegetable oil.

A straightforward method was established for the determination of migration contaminants in olive oil with a special focus on the two can-coating migration compounds bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE). The preferred sample preparation was a single liquid-liquid extraction of compounds from the oil into 20% (v/v) methanol in acetonitrile, followed by clean-up with solid-phase extraction on aminopropyl bonded to silica. This purification procedure selectively removed all free fatty acids from the extracts without removing phenolic compounds of interest. The solid-phase extraction columns were used many times by implementing a procedure of washing out the strongly retained fatty acids with 2% acetic acid in methanol. Gas chromatography coupled with full scan (m/z 33-700) electron ionization mass spectrometry was used for the determination of several model compounds in olive oil samples. BADGE and BFDGE could be determined in the 0.05-2 mg kg(-1) range in oil samples with a relative SD of <6% (six replicates). The method was used in an enforcement campaign for the Norwegian Food Control Authority to analyse vegetable oil samples from canned fish-in-oil.     

Analytical determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in paper products by GC-MS/MS

ABSTRACT

Bisphenol A (BPA; 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol), a suspected endocrine disruptor with a weak estrogenic activity, is used in a variety of consumer products, including food-contact materials made of paper and cardboard products. Due to restrictions on the use of BPA because of its potential health risks, BPA is gradually being replaced by other bisphenols because no limitations exist for these substances. This study presents a method for the simultaneous analysis of BPA, bisphenol AF (BPAF), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol E (BPE), bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) in paper and board products using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Paper samples were extracted by liquid extraction, as well as by Folch extraction, derivatised with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and the results compared. The developed method showed good linearity (R² > 0.9965) and precision, yielding relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 16.6% for reproducibility and 19.8% for repeatability. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for the different bisphenols ranged from 0.23 to 2.70 µg kg^–1 paper and from 0.78 to 9.10 µg kg^–1 paper, respectively. Analysis of different paper products (recycled, virgin fibre) showed that all the analysed bisphenols were present in the samples, except for BPAF and BPB. A calculation of the ‘worst-case’ scenario assuming a maximum potential migration of 100% of the analytes into food showed that the analysed products can be assumed to be safe regarding the migration of bisphenols.     

Determination of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its hydrolysis products in canned oily foods from the Austrian market

 Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is determined in canned oily foods from Austria using a new simplified HPLC method. Samples are extracted with pentane, back extracted with methanol, and finally dissolved in the mobile phase (cyclohexane/tert–butyl methyl ether). Separation is performed on a normal-phase HPLC column using fluorescence detection. Verification of the BADGE-containing peak is carried out by using off-line GC-MS. Additionally, the synthesis and determination of BADGE hydrolysis products, Bisphenol A bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.2H₂O) and Bisphenol A glycidyl (2,3-dihydroxypropyl) ether (BADGE.H₂O) are presented. From 67 analyzed cans, containing various fatty meat or fish products, 16% were above the maximum quantity of 1 mg/kg tolerated by the European Community, 45% were in the range between 0.1–1 mg/kg, 24% between 0.02 and 0.1 mg/kg, and in 15% the BADGE concentrations were below the detection limit of 0.02 mg/kg. The hydrolysis product BADGE.H₂O was not detected in any sample, whereas BADGE.2H₂O was found in some samples up to a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg. Received: 11 May 1998 / Revised version: 1 July 1998     

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its source in foods in Japanese markets

The determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and/or bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) in foods sold in Japanese markets and in water leached from six epoxy resin cans with similar diameters was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (LC/ECD), LC-mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS) and LC-tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS/MS). BPA concentrations were 0-842 ng g^-1 for 48 canned foods, 0-14 ng g^-1 for 23 foods in plastic containers, and 0-1 ng g^-1 for 16 foods in paper containers. No BADGE was detected in three canned foods. There was no difference in leaching concentrations of BPA into glycine buffers at pHs 8 and 11, and water. The amounts of BPA leached into water from six epoxy resin cans held at 121°C for 20 min were almost the same as the cans' contents and were much higher than the amounts leached from cans held at or below 80°C for 60 min. The amount leached depended on the type of can, but not on the amount of BADGE leached from the cans. Considerably more BPA than BADGE leached to water from six cans. Two cans whose contents had high concentrations of BPA showed no BADGE leaching even at 121°C, suggesting the different kinds of epoxy resin can linings from others. The results imply that the main source of human exposure to BPA is food from cans with linings that contain high percentages of BPA as an additive or an unforeseen contaminant.