PVDF用于膜材涂层的性能研究

通过实验测试,研究了涂层的厚度、焙烘温度以及添加剂种类对PVDF面层性能（面层剥离强度和膜材耐热老化性能）的影响。说明了涂层厚度、焙烘温度对膜的粘合性影响较大,而不同的增塑剂和偶联剂对膜的粘合性影响不大。     

现代建筑用PVC膜结构复合材料工艺研究

介绍现代建筑用PVC膜结构复合材料的性能特点。结合PVC膜结构复合材料的工程状况,分析涂层工艺方法对产品质量的影响,提出一种新的工艺方法制作高性能PVC膜材,并展望PVC膜结构复合材料广阔的应用前景。     

降低建筑膜材增塑剂迁移率的研究

为解决PVC建筑膜材在使用过程中存在的增塑剂迁移的问题,采用大分子聚酯增塑剂替代部分小分子增塑剂涂层制得PVC建筑膜材,并对膜材进行硬挺度、白度、红外光谱、DSC、力学性能等测试。实验发现:采用相对分子质量为2000的大分子聚酯增塑剂与小分子增塑剂DINP进行复配,复配比例选择1:1时,膜材性能较好,且增塑剂的迁移率大大降低。     

PVDF在膜材涂层上的研究

由于PVC膜材的耐候性较差,为了提高膜材的耐候性,常常使用耐候性能好的氟树脂对膜材表面进行涂层。聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）在常温下可以溶解在有机溶剂中,所以最常采用的氟树脂为PVDF。但是由于氟聚物的化学惰性,也使得氟聚物与PVC基材的粘合性较差,如果直接涂层会导致面层和基材之间容易分开,从而失去了面层对基材的防护作用。本文讨论了涂层的厚度、焙烘温度以及添加剂种类对PVDF面层性能（面层剥离强度和膜材耐热老化性能）的影响。     

自清洁PVC膜结构复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用涂层法对PVC膜结构复合材料进行纳米TiO₂表面改性处理,并研究了涂层改性后PVC膜结构复合材料自清洁性能。结果表明:纳米TiO₂对PVC膜结构复合材料进行表面改性后,明显改善了其耐沾灰尘性能,同时赋予了膜材降解有机物亚甲基蓝和油酸的功能。当纳米TiO₂涂层层数为3、浓度为1%时光降解效率最高,自清洁效果最好。     

聚氯乙烯膜结构复合材料的光氧老化行为及评价

为探究经编和机织涂层膜结构复合材料的光氧老化行为,以涤纶经编和机织聚氯乙烯(PVC)涂层膜结构复合材料为对象,选取6种织物试样,研究其在紫外光辐射下的老化现象,同时与涤纶纱线力学性能的老化效应进行对比;同时研究了老化实验过程中复合材料的光氧老化行为及力学性能变化,并分析了其微观损伤机制。结果表明:涂层膜对基布纱线起到了很好的保护作用;经编织物膜结构材料老化后的初始模量均高于机织物膜结构材料,断裂强力保持率则反之;在辐射能为82.08×10³ kJ/m²时,织物的横密和纵密均为24根/(5 cm)的单面经编膜结构复合材料断裂强力保持率仅为62.4%,且其涂层对基布的保护作用已失效,涂层膜表面严重粉化和黏结;另外5种双面膜结构试样断裂强力保持率均在85%以上,在此辐射能范围内涂层面变粗糙,但仅出现少量沟槽,表现出良好的抗光氧老化性能。     

纳米细菌纤维素纤维/聚氯乙烯复合材料的制备及性能

以硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(γAPS)改性的细菌纤维素(BC)为增强剂和增塑剂迁移剂,以乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)为环保增塑剂,使用熔融共混法制备了纤维增强的聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合材料。考察了改性纳米纤维素添加量对所制备的BC/PVA复合材料的影响,并对复合材料的结构、微观形貌、力学性能及增塑剂迁移等进行测试。结果表明：含有1%改性细菌纤维素的PVC复合材料性能最好,对比原始PVC,拉伸强度增加了95.39%;常温(25℃)下,在去离子水、乙醇和环己烷中增塑剂迁移分别减少了36.87%、39.43%、27.23%,即使在高温(60℃)环境下仍有良好的抑制效果。制备的高强度、低增塑剂迁移量的PVC复合材料可应用于生物医疗、儿童玩具等领域。     

芳砜纶/棉混纺织物的防水透湿涂层工艺

在水性聚氨酯涂层胶中加入羧甲基纤维素(CMC),能显著提高芳砜纶/棉混纺涂层织物的透湿性能.研究CMC添加量、涂层厚度、焙烘温度和焙烘时间等工艺参数对涂层织物防水透湿性能的影响表明,涂层厚度与CMC添加量为主要影响因素.经正交试验,优化的涂层工艺条件为:CMC 0.35％,涂层厚度0.10mm,焙烘温度130℃,焙烘时间3min.涂层后织物的透湿量达到3 421.7 g/(m2·24 h),防水性达到5级.     

涤纶阻燃涂层工艺与阻燃性能

利用水性聚丙烯酸酯类涂层胶与有机磷系阻燃剂制备阻燃涂层胶,并对涤纶织物进行阻燃涂层整理。分析涂层厚度、焙烘时间、焙烘温度等对阻燃性能的影响,优化阻燃涂层整理工艺。通过扫描电镜、热重分析、微型量热仪等手段对阻燃涂层织物进行表征,并对该阻燃涂层织物进行耐水洗色牢度与耐摩擦色牢度的测试。结果表明,当阻燃涂层胶厚度为120μm,焙烘温度为180℃,焙烘时间为3 min时,织物阻燃效果最佳。     

鲜切蒜苔PVC小包装的DOP迁移规律研究

以不同厚度聚氯乙烯(PVC)保鲜膜为材料,研究了不同厚度PVC保鲜膜,在不同贮藏温度条件下增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)向鲜切蒜苔的迁移规律。DOP的提取与检测分别采用固相萃取技术和高效液相色谱法。实验结果表明,随着膜厚度的增加,增塑剂DOP向鲜切蒜苔中的迁移量越大;且温度的升高也对迁移有明显的加速作用。     

Green Nanocomposites from Renewable Resources: Effect of Plasticizer on the Structure and Material Properties of Clay‐filled Starch

Nanocomposites of starch were prepared via different addition sequences of plasticizer and clay by the solution method. The extent of dispersion of the filler was evaluated by wide angle X‐ray diffractometry (WAXD) in the resulting composites. Thermal stability, mechanical properties and water absorption studies were conducted to measure the material properties whereas FT‐IR spectroscopy was used to study the microdomain structure of composites. The sequence of addition of components (starch /plasticizer (glycerol) / clay) had a significant effect on the nature of composites formed and accordingly properties were altered. Glycerol and starch both have the tendency to penetrate into the silicate layers but penetration of glycerol is favored owing to its smaller molecule size. The filler dispersion becomes highly heterogeneous and the product becomes more brittle when starch was plasticized before filling with clay due to the formation of a bulky structure resulting from electrostatic attractions between starch and plasticizer. It was concluded that best mechanical properties can be obtained if plasticizer is added after mixing of clay in the starch matrix.     

聚氯乙烯涂层织物撕破强度研究

通过对涂层剂组成的调整，研究影响聚氯乙烯涂层织物撕裂强度的因素。结果表明，增塑剂含量增加，增塑效率提高使涂层织物撕裂强度降低。     

新型氟乙烯乙烯基醚树脂增强膜材料的制备及其力学性能

针对聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）膜材料烧结成型温度高,能量消耗大,安全生产要求高等难题,研发了可兼顾PTFE 膜各方面性能的低温成型氟乙烯乙烯基醚树脂（FEVE）膜。研究了以涤纶织物为基材,FEVE 树脂为基体的实验室手工刮涂和200 ℃以内的低温固化成型工艺,并将研制的FEVE/ 涤纶膜材料与广泛使用的PTFE/ 玻璃纤维膜材料在力学性能和自洁性方面进行了对比。结果表明：FEVE 膜材料的拉伸强度可达到PTFE 建筑膜材料的99.6%,撕裂强度可通过浸渍涂层法达到PTFE 膜材料的1.3 倍,表征抗沾污性的接触角为100.4°,满足了膜材料疏水接触角大于或等于90°的要求,从而印证了FEVE 膜材料低温成型技术的可行性。     

Effect of Curing Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Nowadays, growing environmental concerns have led many researchers to work in the area of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. In this work, jute fiber has been used as reinforcement and epoxy as matrix material to develop partially biodegradable green composite with the help of hand layup followed by compression molding technique. The effect of curing temperature ranging from 80°C to 130°C on different samples was investigated for various mechanical properties. Results obtained from the various tests indicate that with increase in curing temperature, impact strength decreases, but tensile and flexural strength increases and decreases thereafter attaining the maximum value at 100°C between aforementioned temperature range. The trend obtained for mechanical properties is further justified through the study of morphology with scanning electron microscopy, and optimum curing temperature has been suggested.     

Effects of drying methods and plasticizer concentration on some physical and mechanical properties of edible chitosan films

In order to alleviate shortcomings of edible chitosan films, which are rigid and brittle in nature, an idea of using advanced drying methods, in combination with appropriate concentration of plasticizer, to improve the mechanical properties of the films was proposed and tested. Physical (thickness and color) and mechanical (tensile strength and percent elongation) properties of edible chitosan films plasticized at four glycerol concentrations (0%, 25%, 75% and 125% w/w chitosan) and prepared by three drying methods, namely, hot air drying (≈40 °C), vacuum drying and low-pressure superheated steam drying (LPSSD) (90 °C, 10 kPa) were investigated. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was used to determine the glass transition temperature to verify the compactness of edible chitosan films. It was found that the drying methods and plasticizer concentration significantly affected the drying time, tensile strength, percent elongation and glass transition temperature of the films. On the other hand, the drying methods and plasticizer concentration did not affect the thickness and final moisture content of the film samples at lower glycerol concentrations. In the cases of vacuum drying and LPSSD, there was a limiting value of plasticizer concentration (25% w/w) beyond which the effect of the plasticizer concentration on the mechanical properties was negligible. In all cases, the color of all tested films was not significantly different.     

PVC保鲜膜中增塑剂DOP在水中迁移规律研究

主要研究了不同几种MA条件下3种PVC保鲜膜中增塑剂DOP在蒸馏水中的迁移规律(模拟果蔬MA保鲜的环境),以PE保鲜膜对照。结果表明,3种PVC保鲜膜包装的蒸馏水中增塑剂DOP有不同程度的迁移,而在PE膜包装的水中没有检测到DOP的迁移。PVC保鲜膜DOP的迁移量与温度、时间、保鲜膜DOP的含量、保鲜膜的厚度有一定的相关性。     

Exploring the potential of milkweed stalk in wood plastic manufacture

The physical and mechanical properties of milkweed composites based on different loads of milkweed flour and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) using polypropylene as matrix are investigated in this study. There levels of milkweed fibers (30, 40, and 50 wt.%), one level of mixed milkweed flour (20:20 wt.% fiber:bark), and two levels of MAPP (4 and 6 wt.%) were used to prepare natural fiber-reinforced composites. Physical and mechanical properties including flexural, tension, impact, and thickness swelling were evaluated according to ASTM standards. The result demonstrated that addition of milkweed flour fluctuates mechanical properties of reinforced composite. However, the optimum load of milkweed flour was different in each test. Generally, 40 wt.% mixed flour composite in comparison with 40 wt.% milkweed composite showed lower mechanical results and higher thickness swelling. MAPP as a coupling agent improved physical and mechanical properties of milkweed-filled composites in most properties. The results of this study depicted positive effects of lignocellulose fibers and coupling gent and also negative effect of bark flour as a function of lower cellulose and higher extractive contents on physical and mechanical properties of milkweed-reinforced composites.     

表面处理对亚麻织物/PVC复合材料界面性能的影响

为了改善亚麻织物增强复合材料的界面性能,利用柠檬酸三丁酯对亚麻织物表面进行处理,探讨亚麻织物表面处理对亚麻织物/PVC复合材料的界面性能和力学性能的影响;利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、万能强力拉伸仪、声传感器等对亚麻织物/PVC复合材料的表面和断面形貌、界面的剥离强度、拉伸强度、声发射特性等进行了观察和测试。结果表明：采用柠檬酸三丁酯对亚麻织物进行表面预处理后,PVC树脂与亚麻织物间的界面相容性大大提高,界面的剥离强度也有明显提高,有效改善了亚麻织物/PVC复合材料界面性能,并使复合材料的拉伸强度有了提高。     

缩合型硅橡胶发泡配方优化及保温性能研究

采用正交试验,考察发泡剂用量、发泡助剂用量、固化剂用量对缩合型泡沫硅橡胶拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、表观密度性能指标的影响,得到发泡硅橡胶的最优配方为基胶100份、发泡剂3份、发泡助剂2份、固化剂2.5份.利用扫描电子显微镜、万能机械拉力机、导热系数测定仪对几个配方样品进行结构和性能测试,结果表明:最优配方的样品其力学性能适中,内部微小气室分布致密均匀,具备较为理想的隔热保温性能.