有机磷系阻燃剂在织物中应用及生态安全研究

文中介绍了有机磷系阻燃剂的阻燃机理及主要类别;从棉织物的有机磷阻燃整理、聚酯织物的有机磷阻燃整理和其他纤维的有机磷阻燃整理三方面综述了有机磷系阻燃剂在纺织品中的应用研究进展;从生态方面和国内外有机磷阻燃剂的禁、限用法规及标准,并结合有机磷系阻燃剂的生物毒性研究,分析了纺织品中有机磷系阻燃剂残留量检测方法;最后提出了有机磷系阻燃剂在纺织品中应用的发展方向。     

有机磷系阻燃剂在纺织品中的应用及其残留量测试技术研究进展

介绍了有机磷系阻燃剂的阻燃机理及主要种类,综述了有机磷系阻燃剂在纺织品阻燃整理中的应用研究进展及其残留量测试分析技术的研究现状,最后提出了有机磷系阻燃剂在纺织品中应用的发展方向。     

纺织品中6种禁用有机磷阻燃剂的超声萃取—气相色谱法测定

以丙酮为萃取溶剂,超声萃取阻燃纺织品中的禁用有机磷阻燃剂,采用火焰光度检测器(FPD)进行检测,从而建立了一种气相色谱方法,对阻燃纺织品中6种禁用有机磷阻燃剂进行了同时测定,并对萃取条件进行了优化。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高,6种目标分析物的检出限均低于3.0 ng/mL,方法的加标回收率为81.26%～96.77%,相对标准偏差为3.18%～6.45%。应用该方法对市售的阻燃纺织品中禁用有机磷阻燃剂含量进行了测定,结果发现部分阻燃纺织品中检出高含量的禁用有机磷阻燃剂。     

棉用环保型有机磷系阻燃剂的研究进展

棉织物穿着舒适,但耐热性差,易燃,故阻燃棉纤维或织物被广泛研究,环保可持续型材料越来越得到重视.有机磷系阻燃剂以其来源广、成本低、阻燃效果好而被广泛应用于纺织品、塑料树脂等方面.从环保角度出发,综述了近年来棉用阻燃剂的分类、阻燃机理及研究进展,并展望环保型棉用有机磷系阻燃剂的发展趋势.     

阻燃剂及阻燃织物的发展前景

简介了世界和我国阻燃剂、阻燃纺织品的研究现状及发展趋势 ,阐述了阻燃纺织品在各行各业中的应用 ;介绍了阻燃纺织品在我国劳保用品防护服中的应用 ,认为这将是阻燃纺织品的重点开发领域     

纺织产品的阴燃整理

在比较、选择阻燃剂的基础上，合成了磷氮无机类阻燃剂，整理后的纺织品，其阻燃效果达到Ａ级标准。文中还介绍了阻燃纺织品的标准与规定。     

纺织产品的阻燃整理

在比较、选择阻燃剂的基础上，合成了磷氮无机类阻燃剂，整理后的纺织品，其阻燃效果达到Ａ级标准，文中还介绍了阻燃纺织品的标准与规定。     

阻燃纤维及纺织品的研究进展

介绍了纺织品阻燃整理的方法和原理,详述了棉纤维用非耐久性、半耐久性和耐久性阻燃剂,合成纤维中涤纶和尼龙用阻燃剂,以及涤棉混纺织物阻燃整理的进展及面临的挑战,纳米技术和生物质技术在阻燃领域的应用前景,指出绿色环保阻燃产品的开发是纺织品阻燃整理的发展方向。     

植酸生物基阻燃剂的应用研究进展北大核心

植酸作为一种天然可降解的有机磷酸,在纺织品阻燃领域有着广阔的应用前景。近年来植酸在阻燃纺织品中的应用主要有单组分植酸阻燃剂、复配型植酸阻燃剂以及化学改性植酸阻燃剂,分析了三种植酸型阻燃剂的特点,发现复配型植酸阻燃剂和化学改性植酸阻燃剂的阻燃性能更为突出,将植酸与其他化合物复配以及对植酸进行化学改性将成为未来研究的重点。     

纺织品阻燃综述

论述了阻燃剂的主要种类[包括无机阻燃剂、有机阻燃剂(含卤阳燃剂、有机磷阻燃剂)]、阻燃机理(包括吸热作用、覆盖作用、抑制链反应、气体稀释作用、凝聚相阻燃)及阻燃整理技术(包括纳米阻燃、微胶囊阻燃、超细化、表面改性、消烟、交联、大分子技术等),简单介绍了阻燃效果的测试方法(包括燃烧实验法、限氧指数法、发烟性试验法、闪点和自燃点测定、阻燃整理热分析等),提出研究开发高效、低毒、低烟释放量、性价比高及功能多的阻燃纺织品是努力的方向.     

基于正交试验的涤纶织物阻燃拒水一浴整理工艺研究

将不同种类的磷系阻燃剂和拒水剂配制成一浴整理液,以浸轧焙烘的工艺对涤纶织物进行一浴整理,分析整理后织物的燃烧性能和拒水性能。选择相容性较好的阻燃剂和拒水剂,采用正交试验分析法优化一浴整理的工艺条件。结果表明:最佳的试验配方为耐久性阻燃剂RUCO-FLAM VOD 300 g/L和防水防油整理剂SY-09 50g/L;最优工艺条件为110℃烘干180 s后170℃焙烘120 s。经过阻燃拒水一浴整理的织物续燃时间≤4 s,损毁长度≤8 cm,符合GB/T 5455—1997的B1级标准要求,且织物拒水性能达到3级。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.