诃子提取物清除自由基活性研究

考察了诃子提取物及其色谱纯化物(a、b、c)清除自由基的活性能力,进行了1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH.)清除试验。结果表明,甲醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物及其色谱纯化物均具有清除自由基活性的能力,甲醇粗提物活性略高于等体积1 mg/mL TBHQ,而其色谱纯组分c的活性最高,约为1 mg/mL TBHQ的1.2倍,且略高于茶多酚;乙酸乙酯组分色谱纯组分a,b抑制率分别为其粗提取物的1.6和1.1倍。色谱纯成分经显色反应、UV和H1NMR检测后被确认为诃黎勒酸衍生物或诃子单宁水解碎片,此为诃子提取物作为烟用自由基清除剂提供了有效的理论依据。     

三种花椒抗氧化活性对比研究

以红花椒、青花椒、藤椒的干花椒果皮为研究对象,分别测定其70%甲醇粗提物的总酚、总黄酮含量,并采用不同极性有机溶剂(氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正己烷)对70%甲醇粗提物进行萃取,将粗提物划分为3个极性组分,选用ABTS和DPPH自由基清除活性以及还原能力对粗提物和各萃取物进行抗氧化活性评价,结果表明:红花椒70%甲醇粗提物具有较好的抗氧化活性;青花椒乙酸乙酯萃取物的ABTS自由基清除活性(EC50=44.56g/mL)、DPPH自由基清除活性(EC50=60.32g/mL),还原力(样品浓度为1.5mg/mL时吸光度为1.029)最佳,呈现出和阳性对照相当的抗氧化活性。     

诃子果实活性成分提取及抗氧化活性研究

目的研究诃子果实不同萃取物及乙酸乙酯相各分离部分的抗氧化活性差异。方法用超声波法提取诃子果实的活性成分,依次用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,比较不同萃取物的得率、总酚含量并采用DPPH法和ABTS法测定其抗氧化活性,抗坏血酸(VC)作为阳性对照。结果乙酸乙酯萃取物得率、总酚含量及抗氧化活性均显著高于其余萃取物(P0.05)。将乙酸乙酯萃取物通过Toyoperal 40-C柱进一步分离得到8个部分(Fragment 1-Fragment 8),其中Fragment 8和Fragment 2的抗氧化活性均高于VC,且Fragment 2的得率为Fragment 8的3.33倍。结论诃子果实不同萃取物抗氧化活性不同,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物的抗氧化活性较高。     

苦荞麸乙醇粗提物各极性成分的抗氧化活性研究

目的:寻找苦荞麸乙醇粗提物中抗氧化活性最强的部分,为分离该部分的有效成分提供参考.方法:以营荞麸为原料,用95％乙醇提取苦荞麸总黄酮粗提物;水悬浮,乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,测定各萃取相以及苦荞麸总黄酮粗提物的总酚和总黄酮含量;通过DPPH·的清除能力、ABTS·+的清除能力、总还原力以及抑制β-胡萝卜素褪色能力的测定,比较不同萃取相和粗提物的抗氧化性.结果:乙酸乙酯相的总酚和总黄酮含量最高,抗氧化活性最强.乙酸乙酯萃取物的DPPH·清除能力(EC5078.86 μg/mL)优于芦丁(EC50135.71 μg/mL),弱于VC(EC5071.26 μg/mL);ABTS·+清除能力(EC5029.79 μg/mL)优于芦丁(EC5072.96 μg/mL)和VC (EC50112.71 μg/mL),还原力高于芦丁和槲皮素,抑制β-胡萝卜素褪色的能力(EC50101.24 μg/mL)低于BHT(EC5015.80 μg/mL).苦荞麸粗提物和萃取物的总酚和总黄酮含量与DPPH·和ABTS·+清除率EC50值呈负相关性.结论:乙酸乙酯萃取物具有很强的抗氧化活性,优于粗提物.据此分离苦荞麸乙醇粗提物乙酸乙酯相的抗氧化成分.     

诃子多酚的提取分离、结构鉴定及抗氧化活性的研究

介绍萃取一沉淀法提取分离诃子多酚及利用红外光谱法对诃子多酚进行结构鉴定和利用Fenton反应产生羟自由基·OH,光照核黄素产生超氧阴离子自由基O2-·,分光光度法研究诃子体外清除活性氧自由基的作用.用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)分光光度法研究诃子对·OH诱发卵磷脂脂质过氧化损伤的抑制作用.试验结果表明诃子能有效清除活性氧自由基.对卵磷脂脂质过氧损伤有显著抑制作用     

厚朴籽不同溶剂萃取物抗氧化活性比较分析

为研究厚朴籽抗氧化成分,测定厚朴籽90%乙醇粗提物及其石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取物的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除活性,2,2-联氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulonic acid),ABTS)自由基清除活性和铁离子还原能力(ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP),同时测定其总酚及总黄酮含量。结果发现,乙酸乙酯萃取物的总酚和总黄酮的含量最高,含量依次为(253.64±7.25)和(179.11±0.61)mg/g。厚朴籽乙醇粗提物和萃取物具有一定抗氧化活性,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物的抗氧化活性最强,DPPH自由基清除活性显著(P<0.05)高于阳性对照BHT,其IC₅₀仅为(29.33±2.31)μg/mL;乙酸乙酯萃取物ABTS自由基清除活性与V_C相当,IC₅₀分别(30.33±1.53)和(31.67±3.06)μg/mL;厚朴籽乙醇粗提物和萃取物对铁离子的还原能力较低,均显著(P<0.05)低于阳性对照V_C和BHT。相关性显示,厚朴籽三种体外抗氧化活性均与总酚和总黄酮极显著相关(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,乙酸乙酯可以富集厚朴籽酚类物质,为下一步厚朴籽抗氧化物质分离奠定了理论依据。     

半枝莲抗氧化活性成分的提取

以甲醇、95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、三氯甲烷等不同极性的溶剂对半枝莲进行初步提取,以亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠法、福林-酚法、二苯代苦味酰基自由基法(DPPH法)、铁离子还原法(FRAP法)分别测定粗提物的总黄酮含量、总酚含量、自由基清除能力、总还原力大小。结果显示,以甲醇为溶剂的超声提取物总酚含量最高,为104.39mg/g提取物。采用多种溶剂对半枝莲甲醇超声粗提物进行顺序萃取,其中乙醚萃取物的抗氧化活性较高,总黄酮、总酚含量分别为11.210、105.392mg/g萃取物,DPPH自由基清除能力(EC50)为0.15mg(以甲醇粗提物质量计),总抗氧化值0.468、2.072mmol。结合HPLC分析可知,采用不同极性溶剂对甲醇超声粗提物进行萃取,可对其抗氧化活性物质进行初步分离纯化。     

红薯叶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化性及活性成分鉴定

研究不同极性溶剂对红薯叶中酚类化合物的提取以及提取物抗氧化性的影响,并鉴定提取物中的主要抗氧化成分组成。分别采用极性不同的7 种溶剂（蒸馏水、甲醇、无水乙醇、丙酮、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯和氯仿）从红薯叶中提取多酚,并评价提取物中总酚、总黄酮和花青素的含量,以及对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力和还原能力,最后运用高效液相色谱-串联质谱（high performance liquidchromatography tandem mass spectroscopy,HPLC-MS/MS）技术分析抗氧化活性最好的提取物中多酚的主要组成成分。结果表明：提取溶剂的极性对红薯叶中多酚类化合物的提取效率和提取物抗氧化活性有很大的影响,水提物具有最高的粗提物得率（（37.13±1.60）%）,而甲醇提取物中总酚含量（13.80 mg GAE/g）和总黄酮含量（（5.68±0.35）mg QE/g）最高,且具有最好的DPPH自由基清除能力（IC50为0.32 mg/mL）与还原能力（ρ0.5为0.95 mg/mL）。采用HPLC-MS/MS从红薯叶甲醇提取物中鉴定9 种、初步鉴定3 种酚类化合物,鉴定的化合物为咖啡酸、对羟基苯甲酸、1-咖啡酸奎宁酸、3-咖啡酸奎宁酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C、3,4,5-三咖啡酰奎尼酸和金丝桃苷。     

诃子抗氧化作用的研究

用ＤＰＰＨ法、ＴＢＡ法及碘量法研究了不同溶剂诃子精提物的抗氧化活性。结果表明：诃子各溶剂粗提物对ＤＰＰＨ自由基有较强的清除作用,但清除均弱于同浓度的茶多酚,９５％乙醇粗提物对亚油酸氧化的抑制作用强于同浓度的茶多酚;     

涩柿树皮单宁的纯化及抗氧化活性

选用超声波法从涩柿树皮中提取单宁,溶剂法、大孔树脂法纯化粗提物,并考察了不同纯度的单宁对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基和羟自由基（·OH）的清除作用。结果表明：涩柿树皮单宁的超声波提取率为5.6%;大孔吸附树脂纯化涩柿树皮单宁的最佳工艺参数为：以HPD-500树脂为吸附树脂,上柱流速1.5 mL/min,上样质量浓度1.2 mg/mL;洗脱流速1.5 mL/min,乙醇体积分数60%;粗提物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、大孔树脂纯化物、乙酸乙酯萃余物经大孔树脂纯化后产物、乙酸乙酯萃取物经大孔树脂纯化后产物的纯度分别为5.6%、11.5%、19.4%、47.4%、53.3%;当质量浓度为1 mg/mL时各纯度单宁对DPPH自由基有最大清除率,清除率分别为69.07%、80.19%、92.96%、94.02%、94.05%;清除DPPH自由基的IC50值分别为0.68、0.52、0.13、0.12、0.11 mg/mL;当质量浓度为0.9 mg/mL时各纯度单宁对·OH有最大清除率,清除率分别为43.04%、73.99%、83.00%、94.68%、96.23%。     

Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of the Fractions from Burdock Leaves

Abstract: The antioxidant activities of each burdock leaves fraction were first investigated alone and in combination with tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). The burdock leaves extract was fractioned with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water, named as PF, EF, BF, and WF, respectively. The EF exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Although TBHQ exhibited higher lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity than EF, the reducing power, superoxide anion scavenging capability, DPPH radical and hydroxyl radicals scavenging ability of EF were higher than those of synthetic antioxidant (TBHQ). Moreover, a synergistic antioxidant effect between EF and TBHQ was first demonstrated by isobolographic analysis, indicating that EF dramatically enhances the antioxidant efficiency of TBHQ. For all the fractions, the antioxidant capacity had a significant correlation with total phenolic content. The phenolic compounds of the fractions were then identified, namely chlorogenic acid, o-hydrobenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and rutin. The results indicate that the EF could be used as sources of nature antioxidant in food industry, and allows a decrease of about 4 folds in the amounts of the synthetic compounds used.     

Inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes lipase by extracts of Indian medicinal plants

Lipases play an important role in pathogenesis of acne by hydrolysing sebum triglycerides and releasing irritating free fatty acids in the pilosebaceous follicles. Lipase is a strong chemotactic and proinflammatory antigen. Therefore, lipase has generated a high interest as a pharmacological target for antiacne drugs. The aim of this study was to identify inhibitory effects of plant extracts on the lipase activity of Propionibacterium acnes. Colorimetric microassay was used to determine lipase activity. Extracts from Terminalia chebula and Embelia ribes showed lower IC(50) value (1 μg mL(-1) ) for lipase inhibition as compared to Vitex negundo and Picrorhiza kurroa (19 and 47 μg mL(-1) , respectively). The active component responsible for lipase inhibition was isolated. This study reports for the first time the novel antilipase activity of chebulagic acid (IC(50) : 60 μmol L(-1) ) with minimum inhibitory concentration value of 12.5 μg mL(-1) against P. acnes. The inhibitory potential of plant extracts was further confirmed by plate assay. The organism was grown in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of extracts from P. kurroa, V. negundo, T. chebula, E. ribes and antibiotics such as clindamycin and tetracycline. Extract from T. chebula showed significant inhibition of lipase activity and number of P. acnes.     

紫苏提取物体外清除自由基能力的研究

以紫苏茎、叶为研究对象,采用不同溶剂获取各种提取物,用茶多酚、维生素E、TBHQ作为对照,采用DPPH自由基体系、烷基自由基引发的亚油酸氧化体系、超氧阴离子自由基体系、羟基自由基体系,研究各种提取物对不同自由基的清除作用。结果表明,提取物对四种自由基均有清除作用,其清除效果依次为羟基自由基>DPPH自由基>烷基自由基>超氧阴离子自由基。紫苏茎、叶的95％乙醇(v/v)与碱水混合物提取物(8:2v/v)的总黄酮得率最高,紫苏叶提取物的抗氧化性强于紫苏茎提取物。     

Antioxidant efficacy of phytochemical extracts from defatted rice bran in the bulk oil system

The antioxidant compounds oryzanols, tocols and ferulic acid were identified in the methanolic extracts of defatted rice bran (DRB) by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude methanolic extract (CME) was partially purified by re-extraction with acetone to give an acetone extract (AE). For further purification of the acetone extract, sequential solvent extraction was employed yielding a lipophilic phase (AE-LP) with hexane and a polar phase (AE-PP) with acetone. The antioxidant potential of the DRB extracts and their phytochemical constituents in bulk oils were evaluated using the Schall oven test (SOT) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The extracts were effective in inhibiting lipid oxidation as assessed by peroxide value, diene value and p-anisidine value. The activity of the extracts with respect to the inhibition of primary oxidation products followed the order AE-PP > AE-LP = AE > CME with the activity of AE-PP being equivalent to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at a 200 ppm level. However, tertiarybutylhydroquinone (TBHQ) was most active as compared to extracts and pure compounds with AE-PP showing about 45% of the activity of TBHQ at 200 ppm level. Defatted rice bran extracts proved to be effective even at the high temperature employed in DSC. The antioxidant efficacy of AE-PP was close to that of TBHQ and far greater than that of BHT at a 200 ppm level as evident from DSC results. The increase in activity with purification might be due to the enhanced levels of antioxidants in purified extracts compared to CME.     

西瓜提取物对紫苏油抗氧化作用的研究

研究了西瓜提取物作为天然抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能 ,并与合成抗氧化剂混合使用 ,探讨其对紫苏油的抗光敏氧化和在 6 0℃和 34℃两种条件下的抗热氧化效果。结果表明 ,西瓜提取物和合成抗氧化剂共同使用抗氧化效果好 ,优于单独使用合成抗氧化剂 ,抗光敏氧化时最佳浓度为西瓜提取物 2 0 ppm加TBHQ10 0 ppm ;34℃和 6 0℃两种条件下抗氧化最佳浓度均为西瓜提取物 4 0 ppm加TBHQ 10 0ppm。     

蜂胶提取物的抗氧化活性研究

以菜籽油和猪油为实验油,采用schall烘箱法测定蜂胶及其乙醇提取物、超临界CO2提取物和CO2残渣醇提物的抗氧化活性,并与其他通用抗氧化剂比较。结果表明:总黄酮浓度0.01%以上的蜂胶提取物均能显著延长油脂氧化诱导期,是高效的油脂抗氧化剂;黄酮类化合物仍是各蜂胶提取物中主要含量成分和主要抗氧化活性成分之一,且随总黄酮浓度0.005%以上一定范围与其整体抗氧化活性呈现量效关系;在相同添加量0.02%(蜂胶提取物均以总黄酮计)和恒温60℃条件下,各抗氧化剂抗氧化效果按强弱顺序排列为:菜籽油中,TBHQ>蜂胶超临界CO2提取物>蜂胶CO2残渣醇提物≥蜂胶乙醇提取物>VE>甘氨酸>蜂胶>BHT;猪油中,TBHQ>蜂胶CO2残渣醇提物≥蜂胶乙醇提取物≥BHT>甘氨酸>蜂胶>蜂胶超临界CO2提取物>VE。本试验结果可望为各蜂胶提取物将来被用作含油脂食品的天然抗氧化剂提供一定的实验数据。     

甘草甜素废渣中抗氧化物的提取及活性研究

甘草甜素提取后的废渣经95%乙醇粗提,索氏梯度提取,部分组分pH梯度萃取及硅胶薄层纯化,全过程辅以结构定性和抗氧化活性跟踪。结果表明,各组分均有很强的抗氧化作用,其中以乙酸乙酯提取物活性最高,其经5%Na2CO3处理后活性明显增大,为合成抗氧化剂BHT的1.28倍,它与BHT复配(1:1)后其抗氧化效果升高为原来的2.62倍,说明了二者之间有很好的协同作用。     

Phenolic extracts of carrot,grape leaf and turmeric powder: antioxidant potential and application in biscuits

Natural antioxidants have gained interest for their role in preventing lipids oxidation. The goals of this investigation were to study the antioxidant potential of carrot (Daucus carota), grape (Vitis vinifera) leaf and turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder extracts and to evaluate their addition as natural antioxidants in biscuits. Physical and chemical properties of biscuit were evaluated during processing and storage. Electrophoretic properties of biscuit dough were carried out to understand the impact of different extracts on the processing of biscuits. Biscuits prepared with 1 % (w/w) grape leaves ethanol (70 %) extract (GLE), carrot aqueous extract (CE), and tumeric aqueous extract (TE) were acceptable. Among extracts, TE was found to retain only 11.2 % activity, wherein GLE had retained 51.0 % activity after baking, which was comparable to butylated hydroxyanisole and better than tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). TBHQ was found to possess the highest activity, followed by GLE, TE and CE, respectively. The ash content of biscuits enriched with TE and GLE was near to that of the control sample. Addition of CE, GLE and TBHQ reduced the force required for breakage. After 15 days of storage, PV was increased in all samples, but in the case of GLE-enriched sample there was a sudden increase in PV from 0.034 to 0.374. Supportive electrophoresis study indicated that there was no change in the protein subunits of biscuit dough fro different samples. It could be concluded that GLE, CE and TE might be used in biscuit baking as natural antioxidants.     

加速氧化测试辣椒茎叶提取物对大豆油氧化稳定性的影响

食用油氧化稳定性是产品的一个重要指标,影响产品的安全性和货架期。采用加速氧化测定法,通过测定过氧化值(PV)、β-茴香胺值(p-AV)、共轭二烯烃(CD)和共轭三烯烃(CT)等指标研究辣椒茎叶提取物(PLSE)对大豆油氧化稳定性的影响。结果显示,在加速氧化测定条件下空白对照组大豆油4个指标逐渐增加,抗氧化剂BHT、BHA、TBHQ和提取物PLSE对大豆油氧化具有不同程度的抑制作用;10、100、200mg/kg剂量组PLSE对大豆油4个氧化指标的抑制作用均小于TBHQ(200 mg/kg),10、100、200 mg/kg剂量组PLSE对大豆油氧化指标PV和p-AV的抑制作用强于BHT(200 mg/kg)和BHA(200 mg/kg);而仅200 mg/kg剂量组PLSE对大豆油氧化指标CD和CT的抑制作用强于BHT和BHA。     

Isolation and bioactivities of a non-sericin component from cocoon shell silk sericin of the silkworm Bombyx mori

The cocoon shell of the silkworm Bombyx mori consists of silk fibroin fiber (70%) surrounded by a sericin layer made up of sericin (25%) and non-sericin (5%) components. The non-sericin component which consists of carbohydrate, salt, wax, flavonoids and derivatives is often overlooked in applied research into sericin and its hydrolysate. Here, sericin and non-sericin compounds were obtained from the sericin layer of five types of cocoon shell by means of degumming in water followed by extraction and separation in ethanol. These ethanol extracts were found to mainly contain flavonoids and free amino acids possessing scavenging activities of the 2,2-diphenyl -1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and inhibiting activities of tyrosinase, which were much greater than the corresponding activities of the purified sericin proteins. The extracts also strongly inhibited α-glucosidase while the sericins had no such activity. In particular, the inhibitory activities of the ethanol extract of Daizo cocoons were much greater than those of the other cocoons. The IC(50) values of the Daizo cocoons for DPPH free radicals, tyrosinase, and α-glucosidase were 170, 27, and 110 μg mL(-1), respectively. The bioactivities of the non-sericin component were much higher than the activity of sericin alone. In addition, the in vivo test showed preliminarily that the administration of the non-sericin component had effectively resistant activity against streptozocin (STZ) oxidation and that of the purified sericin could also evidently decrease the induction ratio of diabetic mice induced by STZ. Therefore, ethanol extract protocols of the sericin layer of cocoon shells provide a novel stock which, together with sericin protein, has potential uses in functional food, biotechnological and medical applications.