吸附法处理废水的技术研究

介绍了我厂所研究的炉渣、烟尘、烟气处理废水工艺以及这些煤灰比例的系统选择。     

食品工业高色度废水处理的现状和展望

概述了我国食品工业高色度废水的近况及来源、特点及危害,分别从物理法、化学法和生物法3个方面介绍了目前食品工业高色度废水处理的现状,并进一步从可持续发展的角度对我国食品工业高色度废水的处理进行了展望。     

烟尘比电阻对碱炉和电除尘器的影响

１烟尘比电阻和烟尘成分含量的分析１１烟尘比电阻定义烟尘比电阻是烟尘在电场烟道中流动，每厘米长度烟尘表面积导电所具有的电阻，单位为Ω·ｃｍ。１２烟尘成分含量的分析《电除尘器专辑》介绍，烟气温度＜３００℃时，烟尘表面积导电成为主要机理，对水分及化学膜...     

玄武岩纤维在高温烟气过滤上的应用

玄武岩纤维是绿色环保的高性能纤维,具有耐高温、耐化学腐蚀、耐水、强度高、密度大、纤维脆等特性。高温烟气的主要成分是烟尘、SO2、NOX、CO、氟化物等,玄武岩纤维作为高温烟气过滤材料比芳纶、玻璃纤维、聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺和聚四氟乙烯具有明显的优势。     

玄武岩纤维在高温烟气过滤上应用之优势

玄武岩纤维是绿色环保的高性能纤维,具有耐高温、耐化学腐蚀、耐水、强度高、密度大、纤维脆等特性。高温烟气的主要成分是烟尘、SO2、NOX、CO、氟化物等,玄武岩纤维作为高温烟气过滤材料比芳纶、玻璃纤维、聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺和聚四氟乙烯纤维具有明显的优势。     

燃煤电厂烟尘脱除技术及控制措施

近年来我国生态环境不断恶化,各地空气环境质量十分堪忧。燃煤电厂是当前空气污染的主要来源,在燃煤电厂生产过程中会产生大量烟气,烟气中含有大量的烟尘,因此需要采用有效的除尘技术来脱除烟气中的烟尘,进一步改善空气环境的质量。文中分析了烟尘脱除技术,并进一步提出了燃煤电厂烟尘的控制措施。     

采用化学凝聚法处理高浓度活性染料生产废水

活性染料生产废水因盐度高、色度高、毒性大、可生物降解性差，传统废水处理工艺很难达到理想效果，实验采用无机凝聚剂（PFS）与有机凝聚剂（HL-08）双重处理方案对高浓度活性染料生产废水进行处理。实验结果表明，该方案能使色度5．34万倍、CODcr为8130ppm的高浓度活性染料废水色度去除率达96％，CODcr去除率达98％。     

烧结烟气排放连续监测技术的应用

结合在柳钢265m2烧结机机头电除尘器后安装的烟气排放连续监测系统的原理及特点,简要介绍这种新型仪器的效果和使用注意事项。     

利用络合法处理没食子酸生产废水的研究

没食子酸生产废水属于酸性高色度废水,笔者采用活性炭络合法处理稀释后的没食子酸生产废水,发现活性炭络合法对于处理低浓度没食子酸生产废水有较明显的作用,并实验出其最佳反应条件。     

捣固焦炉机侧烟尘收集方式的介绍

捣固焦炉采用推焦侧装入煤饼,焦炉顶部通过导烟车导烟至地面站,或者采用U型管导烟车把装煤时产生的荒煤气导入相邻的处于结焦末期的炭化室内。由于装煤侧进空气,在炉内燃烧使得烟气量比顶装煤更大,因此普遍存在捣固焦炉装煤侧冒烟严重的现象。文章主要介绍机侧烟尘的特点,并介绍了几种烟尘收集方式。     

竞争中寻求差异差异中寻求认同如何提升珠宝首饰品牌竞争力

伴随着珠宝首饰业的迅猛发展，行业竞争不断激烈，首饰业中的批发，加盟连锁，加工等业务均不同程度地在发生转变，企业中传统的“商标”意识逐渐向“品牌”意识转型已成为市场发展的规律。     

Bifidobacterium species isolated from animal feces and from beef and pork meat

Bifidobacteria were isolated from 122 of 145 samples of animal feces (from cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits, chickens, geese, and pigeons) from farms in France and Austria and from 92 of 955 production and processing chain samples of beef and pork (obtained at slaughter, cutting, and retail). Bacterial strains were identified to species by phenotypic numerical classification based on API 50CH and ID 32A tests and DNA-DNA hybridization. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum was present in 81% (99 of 122 samples) of all Bifidobacterium-positive fecal samples and predominated in samples from all animal species except those from swine from Austria. In these Austrian swine samples, the majority of strains were identified as Bifidobacterium thermophilum (78%), followed by B. pseudolongum (48%). The distribution of B. thermophilum and B. pseudolongum differed significantly between Austrian swine and cattle samples such as those collected along beef and pork production and processing chains. Bifidobacterium animalis was isolated from swine feces, and Bifidobacterium ruminantium was isolated from cow dung. Six fecal isolates (from cattle, swine, rabbits, goats, and horses) were identified as belonging to Bifidobacterium species of predominantly human origin: B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, and B. catenulatum. Only one other species, Bifidobacterium choerinum, was detected with low frequency in a pork processing chain. B. pseudolongum subsp. pseudolongum was predominant in pig feces, whereas B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum was predominant in feces from other animal species. Four strains closely related to both subspecies (58 to 61% DNA reassociation) formed a distinct genomic group. PCR techniques, which are more rapid and sensitive than culture-based methods, could be used to detect directly B. pseudolongum and B. thermophilum as indicators of fecal contamination along the meat processing chain.     

Purification and characterization of X-prolyl-dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase from Lactobacillus lactis and from Streptococcus thermophilus

X-Prolyl-dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase recently was found in several lactic acid bacteria. This article describes the purification of the enzymes from Lactobacillus lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus and compares their characteristics. Enzymes from both strains are serine-peptidases. They both have a molecular weight of about 165,000 daltons, an isoelectric point near 4.5, and are constituted of two subunits. The pH optimum of the enzyme isolated from L. lactis is 7.0, whereas the enzyme from S. thermophilus possesses a broad pH optimum between 6.5 and 8.2 with glycyl-L-prolyl-aminomethylcoumarin as substrate. Below pH 5, both enzymes are unstable; however, that from S. thermophilus is more rapidly denatured. The enzyme from S. thermophilus is more sensitive to heat than the corresponding enzyme from L. lactis. Enzymes from the both strains have different specificities towards various substrates and are differently effected by metals, chelators, and other inhibitors. The importance of this enzyme for the metabolism of lactic acid bacteria is discussed.     

Malnutrition and dietary protein: evidence from China and from international comparisons

Malnutrition, as measured by anthropometric status, is a powerful risk factor for illness and elevated death rates throughout life. Understanding the relative importance of disease, dietary quantity, and dietary quality in causing malnutrition is therefore of major importance in the design of public policy. This paper contributes to the understanding of the relative importance of quantity and quality of diet by utilizing aggregate data to complement previously reported individual-level studies. Three compilations of anthropometric data--one involving subjects from 13 provinces in China, another involving subjects from 64 counties in China, and a third involving 41 populations in 40 countries--are used to examine the relative importance for human growth of inadequacies of dietary energy and protein. The analysis involves regressing average adult heights and weights against estimates of average energy and protein availability (by province, county, or country) and per capita incomes. We use protein availability in part as a marker for overall quality of the diet, while recognizing that protein is far from perfectly correlated with dietary fat or micronutrient availability. The paper discusses issues of both data quality and statistical methodology, and points to relevant resulting caveats to our conclusions. Subject to these limitations, all three analyses suggest that, at the levels of dietary intake in these populations, lower protein intake is related to growth failure whereas lower levels of energy availability are not. The protein effect appears stronger for males than for females.     

Prevalence and antibiotic-resistance of Salmonella isolated from beef sampled from the slaughterhouse and from retailers in Dakar (Senegal)

A study was made of Salmonella contamination in beef sampled from a slaughterhouse and from retailers in Dakar, Senegal. The serotypes as well as antibiotic-resistance patterns of the Salmonella isolates were determined. A total of 435 meat samples (236 from the slaughterhouse, 199 from retailers) were tested. Among them, 275 (63%) were positive for Salmonella, 43% (101/236) from the slaughterhouse and 87% (174/199) from the retailers. Furthermore, 97% of the investigated retailers had at least one beef sample contaminated by Salmonella. The 286 Salmonella isolates were divided into 51 serotypes. The most prevalent serotypes were Salmonella bredeney (25%), S. muenster (8%), S. waycross (7%), S. corvallis (4%) and S. kentucky (4%). About 62% of the isolates were resistant to nitrofurans. Resistance rates were lower to streptomycin (22%), sulfamethoxazole (15%), spectinomycin (1%), chloramphenicol (1%), and tetracycline (0,4%) while low-level resistance to quinolones was detected. About 16% of the Salmonella strains were multiresistant to two or more antibiotic families. Finally, ten resistance profiles have been identified. This study shows the huge spread of Salmonella in the beef production chain in Dakar, Senegal. Finally, this study provides the very first data about Salmonella prevalence in sub-saharian Africa.     

由杏仁壳及其他农产品废弃物制备生物纺织纤维

绿色产品是否存在其他价值?能否将废弃物转化为具有额外价值的原材料?来自大学实验室和工业公司的研究者们正尝试采用木屑、杏仁壳或其他农产品废弃物作为原料制备纺织品。Ecolastane项目主要致力于研究可再生产业用纺织纤维的生产。     

从信用和规则做起

何谓信用，辞海解释为：信用就是诚实、不欺、遵守诺言。信用就是一种信守承诺的责任感，是对自己行为后果负责的道德感，说白了就是不蒙人，守规矩，说话算数，表里如一。信用作为一种文化传统和理念，是人类不断发展而修炼出来的一种美德，也是一种待人处事的经验积累。因为不管你身在何方，不管你处在什么年代，只有讲信用、守规矩，你才能得到别人的接纳和尊重，才能很容易与别人交流，也才能找到忠诚的朋友，更重要的是你可以通过诚信和努力到达理想的彼岸。俗话说，没有规矩，就不能成方圆。做任何事情包括做游戏都要有规则。守纪律，…     

黑龙江省大豆与美国大豆质量比较

通过抽样调查黑龙江省大豆主栽区中20个市、县、农场提供的305份大豆样品，和从企业抽取的4份普通商品大豆、3份进口大豆样品进行品质分析和比较。结果表明，黑龙江省生产的高油专用大豆含油量基本达到美国2号大豆标准，77％高油大豆品种平均含油量在21．5％以上，蛋白质含量有待提高。根据市场需要建立专用大豆生产基地是切实可行的。     

酶-碱法协同水解麦麸提取阿魏酸及功能性研究

探讨了酶-碱法协同处理麦麸制备阿魏酸的工艺,并对提取所得的阿魏酸通过抗氧化和抑菌实验来验证其功能性.研究结果表明,通过正交实验分别确定碱解、酶解麦麸提取阿魏酸的最佳工艺参数为:酶解pH5、温度55℃、麦麸含量8%、时间5h;碱解料液比1:15、温度为60℃、时间6h、亚硫酸钠1.0%、氢氧化钠1.5%.这两种方法协同对麦麸进行处理能明显使阿魏酸产量增加.同时,该法提取的阿魏酸具有较好的抗油脂氧化能力和抑菌功能.     

Antiradical and functional properties of subcritical water extracts from edible mushrooms and from commercial counterparts

This study deals with the antioxidant and functional potential of subcritical water extracts from edible mushrooms, in comparison to commercial products. Pleurotus citrinopileatus extracts showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant properties. Similar results were determined in commercial extracts of Coriolus versicolor. The highest growth inhibition in selected human carcinogenic cells was identified for the P. citrinopileatus extract obtained during heating up to 160 °C. Rheological studies confirmed that glucan-based hydrogels prepared with mushroom extracts exhibited enhanced viscoelastic properties compared to those formulated with commercial products. The extracts providing the strongest gels were obtained from Pleurotus eryngii, followed by Hericium erinaceus and Pleurotus citrinopileatus. No water syneresis for the proposed hydrogels was observed. The formulated hydrogels could be interesting for their application in the food sector.