顶空固相微萃取—气质分析罗勒叶香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱—质谱分析白花罗勒叶的香气成分.萃取柱为DVB/CAR/PDMS时共检测出20种挥发性成分,解析出占总挥发性成分的98.273％的18种物质,主要成分是草蒿脑(42.879％),芳樟醇(36.214％),桉树脑(3.994％).萃取柱为CAR/PDMS时共检测出25个成分,解析出占总挥发性成分的98.827％的23种物质,主要成分是草蒿脑(48.100％),芳樟醇(24.868％),桉树脑(3.321％).萃取柱为CW/DVB时共检测出24个成分,解析出占总挥发性成分的100％的24种物质,主要成分是芳樟醇(36.056％)、草蒿脑(35.774％)、桉树脑(8.189％).     

SPME萃取头对大菱鲆鱼肉挥发性成分萃取效果分析

采用DVB/CAR/PDMS、PDMS/DVB和CAR/PDMS 3种萃取头进行顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME),提取新鲜大菱鲆鱼肉的挥发性成分,结合气质联用仪(GC-MS)进行分析鉴定,确定最佳的萃取头.结果表明,3种萃取头固相微萃取法共检测出81种挥发性成分,主要是醛、酮、醇、烯烃、烷烃和胺类化合物.使用DVB/CAR/PDMS、PDMS/DVB和CAR/PDMS萃取头分别检测出51、37和29种挥发性成分,其中使用DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头检测出的挥发性物质总峰面积最大且种类最多.因此,DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头较适合于大菱鲆鱼肉挥发性成分的提取.     

采用3种萃取纤维头的顶空固相微萃取法萃取荜茇果穗挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法萃取荜茇果穗挥发性成分,并用GC-MS进行分析.3种萃取纤维头共萃取出49个成分,鉴定出42个成分.使用DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取纤维头时共检测出36种成分,解析鉴定出占总成分99.834%的35种成分,主要成分为β-石竹烯(17.933%)、β-毕澄茄油烯(15.892%)、十五烷(8.285%...     

茴香籽香气成份研究

采用顶空固相微萃取法萃取茴香籽挥发性成分,然后用GC-MS联机分析,并与水蒸汽蒸馏法获取的茴香籽精油成分进行比较.用CAR on PDMS柱萃取时,检测出26种成分,解析出占总成份95.765%的22种成份,主要成份为(E)-茴香脑(相对含量76.878%),p-茴香醛(4.215%),柠檬烯(4.167%)和龙蒿脑(2.792%).水蒸汽蒸馏法萃取茴香籽,以2.44%得油率获得精油,共检测出26个成份,解析出占总成份98.720%的21种成份,主要成份是(E)-茴香脑(相对含量84.334%),龙篙脑(5.419%),葑酮(2.619 9,6)和柠檬烯(2.209%).     

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS和PCA的不同萃取头对鸡肉香精香气成分萃取效果比较

为提高鸡肉香精香气成分分析的可靠性,比较不同纤维涂层萃取头萃取鸡肉香精香气成分的效果,采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid-phase micro-extraction,HS-SPME)结合气相色谱质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)检测技术对热反应鸡肉香精中的挥发性风味物质种类和组成进行提取分析,通过灵敏性及主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)法比较香气成分数量及含量建立香气品质评价模型,研究不同纤维涂层萃取头(75μm CAR/PDMS、65μm DVB/PDMS、85μm PA、50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS)与所萃取挥发性物质间的相关性。结果表明,75μm CAR/PDMS萃取头为萃取鸡肉香精样品挥发性物质的最优萃取头,萃取得到样品中共含有146种挥发性物质,包括醇类24种(16.44%)、醛类16种(10.96%)、吡嗪类12种(8.22%)、呋喃(酮)类13种(8.91%),含硫化合物10种(6.85%)等多种香气物质,检测到2-甲基-3-呋喃硫醇、2-甲基-3-戊烷硫醇、(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛及反式-2-壬烯醛等关键肉香味化合物。     

不同萃取头对分析普洱熟茶挥发性成分的影响

采用100μm PDMS、85μm PA、75μm CAR/PDMS、70μm CW/DVB、65μm PDMS/DVB、50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS 6种萃取头提取普洱熟茶挥发性成分,经气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对挥发性成分进行鉴定,分析比较了6种萃取头提取挥发性成分的差别。6种萃取头共检测出83种挥发性化合物,醇类10种,醛类8种,甲氧基苯类9种,碳氢类30种,酮类10种,酯类8种,含氮类5种,酚类2种,酸类1种。试验发现75μm CAR/PDMS无论从萃取化合物数量还是总峰面积,均明显优于其他5种萃取头。因此,根据获得挥发性物质数量和总峰面积,CAR/PDMS萃取头更适于提取分析普洱熟茶中挥发性香气成分。     

SPME和SDE结合GC-MS分析荷叶中挥发性成分

分别采用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法和固相微萃取(SPME)法并结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析荷叶的挥发性风味成分。SPME法选用3种萃取头(CAR/PDMS、DVB/CAR/PDMS、PDMS/DVB)与SDE法对定性结果进行比较分析。结果表明,SDE法所鉴定出的挥发性成分有97种,相对含量为94.86%,且以烃类物质为主;SPME(CAR/PDMS)法所鉴定出的挥发性成分有29种,相对含量为89.26%,以醇类为主;SPME(DVB/CAR/PDMS)法所鉴定出的挥发性成分有62种,相对含量为85.97%,以醛类为主;SPME(PDMS/DVB)法所鉴定出的挥发性成分有59种,相对含量为86.96%,以醛类为主。由此可见,在荷叶挥发性成分分析中,四种方法萃取到的挥发性成份种类数从多到少依次是,SDE、SPME(DVB/CAR/PDMS)、SPME(PDMS/DVB)、SPME(CAR/PDMS)。     

固相微萃取结合气质联用法分析一种奶味香精中的挥发性成分

应用固相微萃取法采用3种不同萃取纤维,结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术,剖析1种国外奶味香精样品中的挥发性成分。结果表明;以Carboxen/聚二甲基硅氧烷(carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane,CAR/PDMS)为萃取纤维的方法鉴定出39种挥发性成分,以聚二甲基硅氧烷/二乙烯基苯(polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene,PDMS/DVB)为萃取纤维的方法鉴定出41种挥发性成分,以二乙烯基苯/Carboxen/聚二甲基硅氧烷(Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane,CAR/PDMS/DVB)为萃取纤维的方法鉴定出40种挥发性成分;3种纤维萃取的分析结果相互补充,共鉴定出51种挥发性成分,其中酯类、醛酮类和内酯类化合物的含量最高,分别为26.12%、25.95%和15.16%,是该种奶味香精的主要组成成分。     

萃取头对甜面酱中挥发性成分分析的影响

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与气质联用(GC-MS)相结合对甜面酱中挥发性成分进行了初步分析,比较了4种不同涂层纤维的萃取头(30μm PDMS,65μm PDMS/DVB,75μm CAR/PDMS,50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS)对甜面酱挥发性成分的萃取效果和特点。结果表明:在相同实验条件下,50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头萃取到的色谱总峰面积和化合物种类最多,而75μm CAR/PDMS萃取头可以萃取到最多的香气成分。因此50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头最适合甜面酱挥发性成分的检测,同时可以用75μm CAR/PDMS萃取头来进行补充。     

顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用分析沙葱中挥发性成分

沙葱是一种生长于荒漠地带的野生蔬菜,具有独特的气味。为了确定其挥发性成分,实验采用顶空固相微萃取技术(HS-SPME)对其挥发性成分进行萃取,然后用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)进行检测。结果表明,共检测到24种化合物,在DVB/CAR/PDMS、PDMS/DVB、PA三种固相萃取头中,DVB/CAR/PDMS型号的萃取头萃取效果最佳;沙葱中主要挥发性成分是:2-己烯醛(27.74%)、甲基-2-烯丙基三硫醚(25.70%)、二甲基三硫化物(13.62%)、烯丙基甲基二硫醚(9.94%)、二烯丙基二硫(7.23%),占总成分的84.23%,其中2-己烯醛在沙葱中首次报道。     

Volatile compounds of dry-fermented sausages as affected by solid-phase microextraction (SPME)

The analysis of volatile compounds from the headspace of dry-fermented sausages was done by solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The effects of exposure time and fibre coating were investigated. A total of 90 different compounds were extracted by the two fibre coatings and these were identified. Sixty-six compounds were extracted by divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) coating and were identified, while 24 more were found with the carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fibre. These 24 volatile compounds were mainly of low molecular weight. Four of the major compounds extracted: acetic acid, ethanol, hexanal and butanoic acid, were in high proportions in the two fibre coatings. However, the main differences were a higher affinity of DVB/CAR/PDMS for aldehydes while, for CAR/PDMS fibre, the higher affinity was for ester compounds. The extraction yields of dry fermented sausages volatile compounds varied according to the fibre coating used and the time of exposure, although competition effects were detected due to the high generation of lipid oxidation products, such as hexanal.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Vitex agnus-castus L. fruits and leaves essential oils

The following study deals with the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Vitex agnus-castus L. and their main constituents in vitro and in vivo. The main compounds in the oil of unripe fruits were sabinene (17.8%) and 1,8-cineole (17.5%), while in the oil of the ripe fruits dominant compounds were 1,8-cineole (16.3%) and sabinene (13.4%). The leaves oil contained an abundance of 1,8-cineole (22.0%), as well. All of the oils tested were rich sources of α-pinene (12.2%, 9.4% and 9.4%, respectively). Antimicrobial activity was tested using bacterial and fungal strains by the microdilution method. Using the same technique 1,8-cineole and α-pinene showed very high antimicrobial potency as well. As 1,8-cineole was the predominant constituent of the oils, we have chosen to test it further in an in vivo experiment. Randomly chosen apples were treated with 1,8-cineol solution and infected with Aspergillus niger in order to provoke Aspergillus rot in apples. Disease incidence was recorded.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Chaenomeles speciosa from China

The chemical composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the dried fruits of Chaenomeles speciosa was analyzed by GC–MS. Forty compounds, constituting about 85.13% of the total oil, were identified. The main constituents were β-caryophyllene (12.52%), -terpineol (5.41%), terpinen-4-ol (4.56%) and 1,8-cineole (4.31%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 10 microorganisms using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The essential oil was found to show a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacterial strains. The essential oil had more sensitivity to gram-positive than gram-negative bacteria.     

An experimental design approach for the extraction of volatile compounds from turmeric leaves (Curcuma domestica) using pressurised liquid extraction (PLE)

Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) was used to obtain an oleoresin from aromatic turmeric leaves. Four major compounds, which constituted 72% oleoresin, were monitored during the optimisation study. Components in the extract were identified using GC/MS and retention indices. Based on maximum extraction of 1,8-cineole, the optimised operating conditions for PLE, were heating at 147 °C, a pressure of 7150 kPa and a static time of 17 min. The results obtained were compared with conventional isolation procedures, hydrodistillation and Soxhlet extraction, whereby the proposed method was found to be better in term of quantity of the targeted oleoresin compounds, namely, α-phellandrene, p-cymene, 1,8-cineole and terpinolene.     

不同萃取纤维对荔枝冰酒香气分析

采用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用相结合对荔枝冰酒中的香气成分进行初步分析,通过对不同固相微萃取纤维萃取香气成分的数量、种类以及各类化合物累积峰面积标准化值的比较,评价3 种固相微萃取纤维萃取荔枝冰酒香气成分的效果。结果发现,不同萃取纤维对荔枝冰酒香气成分的萃取效果差别较大,85 μm PA纤维萃取出化合物62 种,75 μm CAR/PDMS萃取出56 种,50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取出52 种。荔枝冰酒中主要香气成分是酯类、醇类、酸类、羰基类和少量的萜烯类,相对含量较高的物质是辛酸乙酯（38.96%）、癸酸乙酯（25.14%）、己酸乙酯（9.31%）、异戊醇（7.89%）、异丁烯酸甲酯（1.52%）、月桂酸乙酯（1.49%）、3-呋喃甲醛（1.26%）、癸酸（1.25%）、苯甲醇（1.21%）、β-大马士酮（1.21%）和苯乙醇（0.30%）。累积峰面积标准化值表明,85 μm PA萃取酸类物质的灵敏度高,但对其他化合物灵敏度都较低;75 μm CAR/PDMS萃取酯类和醇类物质的灵敏度高;50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取醛、酮等羰基类物质的灵敏度高。综合考虑得出结论,75 μm CAR/PDMS纤维最适合对荔枝冰酒香气成分的萃取富集。     

Identification of volatile flavor compounds in Chinese Sinkiang camel-naizi using different solid phase microextraction fibers

Volatile components of Chinese Sinkiang camel-naizi (CSCN) were analyzed using solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). A total of 45 volatile compounds were identified by using 3 fibers, including 17 alcohols, 4 aldehydes, 13 acids, 8 esters, 1 sulfur-containing compound, 1 lactone, and 1 ketone. Among all the compounds identified, various alcoholic compounds accounted for 78.91% of the total volatiles, and the amount of various esters was only next to that of alcohols, which accounted for 15.01% of the total volatiles. The content of acids, lactone, aldehydes, ketone, and sulfur-containing compound accounted for 6.08%. All of these volatiles constituted the characteristic flavor of raisin-like, fruity, sweet, cheesy, and yogurt-like note of CSCN. The extraction performances of 3 types of SPME fibers (75 μm CAR/PDMS, 65 μm PDMS/DVB, and 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS) were compared in this study. Of the 3 fibers, the DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber extracted the most volatiles, and the CAR/PDMS fiber the least. The DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber showed the best performance in trapping compounds of CSCN with different polarities.     

月桂叶油树脂的提取及呈香物质分析

采用正交试验法优化月桂叶油树脂超临界CO2萃取工艺条件,用气相色谱-质谱（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）联用技术和电子鼻技术分析鉴定超临界萃取、水蒸气蒸馏以及乙醇萃取所得油树脂差异。结果表明：超临界CO2萃取的最佳条件为萃取压力22 MPa、萃取温度50 ℃、萃取时间2 h,此条件下月桂叶油树脂得率平均为2.12%。经GC-MS分析,超临界CO2萃取所得油树脂鉴定出致香成分66 种,主要成分为乙酸松油脂（20.38%）、1,8-桉油醇（19.88%）、木香烃内酯（5.61%）、丁香酚甲醚（3.41%）、芳樟醇（2.57%）等;水蒸气蒸馏所得油树脂鉴定出的致香成分为42 种,其中主要成分为1,8-桉油醇（20.99%）、乙酸松油脂（19.34%）、丁香酚甲醚（2.56%）、去氢夙毛菊内酯（2.36%）、α-松油醇（2.17%）等;乙醇萃取所得油树脂鉴定出的致香成分为24 种,主要成分为1,8-桉油醇（15.33%）、4-蒈烯（10.75%）、乙酸松油脂（10.22%）、去氢夙毛菊内酯（10.09%）、木香烃内酯（2.62%）等。由电子鼻主成分分析与雷达图谱可以看出,不同的提取工艺所得到的月桂叶油树脂致香成分差异较大。     

SPME-GC-MS法分析金华火腿风味物质的条件优化

采用固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用法分析金华火腿风味成分,并对其分析条件进行优化,为监测金华火腿加工中的风味变化提供合适方法。选用75 μm CAR/PDMS萃取头,TG-wax MS色谱柱,利用Plackett-Burman设计法从可能影响响应值的因素中筛选出显著因素（P＜0.05）,对显著影响因素进行单因素和正交试验,确定优化条件。确定适宜分析条件为萃取温度55 ℃、萃取时间55 min、样品质量4.5 g/15 mL样品瓶,对金华火腿的风味物质分析得到55 种成分,分别为烷烃、醛类、酮类、醇类、酸类、酯类和含硫含氮等化合物。