鸡蛋酸乳的工艺及风味的研究

以新鲜鸡蛋、酸奶为主要原料,配以白砂糖、稳定剂等辅料,运用合理的加工工艺,通过正交试验和感官评定的方法,研制出了一种风味独特、多种营养素兼容的具有保健功能的搅拌型酸奶,研究结果表明鸡蛋酸乳的最佳发酵条件为:蛋液代替度(40%,V/V),蛋稀释倍数为5,增稠剂添加量为0.2%、加糖量7%,接种量3%。对产品也进行了相应的各项理化性质、微生物指标的检验和感官进行评定,均符合标准。     

猴头汁酸乳的研制

对猴头汁酸乳制作工艺及配方进行了研究,试验主要从猴头汁添加量、加糖量和发酵剂接种量等方面,经正交组合确定猴头汁酸乳的发酵最优工艺条件,试验结果表明：猴头汁添加量为10%,加糖量为7%,奶粉添加量为4%,发酵剂（保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热乳酸链球菌1：1）接种量为3%,可制得质地细腻、风味优良的猴头汁酸乳。     

嗜热链球菌的分离筛选及与嗜酸乳杆菌共发酵制备酸奶的工艺研究

研究嗜热链球菌与嗜酸乳杆菌的生物学特性及共生作用。采用稀释涂布法和平板划线法,分离纯化嗜热链球菌,并鉴定和筛选优良发酵菌株。发酵条件为:加糖量7%,球杆菌混合比例l∶4,接种量4%(V/V),发酵温度40℃,效果最好。以嗜酸乳杆菌代替保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌共发酵,通过优化的发酵工艺生产酸奶,可使酸奶的益生功能进一步增强。     

嗜酸乳杆菌发酵鹰嘴豆乳工艺研究

以鹰嘴豆浆为原料,嗜酸乳杆菌为发酵剂,对发酵剂接种量、加糖量及发酵时间进行试验研究,得到发酵鹰嘴豆乳。结果表明:膨胀鹰嘴豆以10倍重量的水进行磨浆,嗜酸乳杆菌发酵剂的接种量为4%,蔗糖添加量为6%,发酵温度37℃,发酵时间24 h。     

低聚果糖酸乳的研究

通过实验,优选出了低聚果糖酸乳的生产工艺和最佳配比:6%低聚果糖、加糖量5%、接种量4%、菌种配比1:1,使嗜酸乳杆菌数达到108cfu/mL以上,并研究了各因素对低聚果糖酸乳品质的影响.     

发酵蛋饮料的制造方法

蛋具有诱人的色泽和高营养值,可用来制作饮料,在蛋液中添加糖,在50～70℃加热20～30分钟一次或数次重复灭菌后,从链球菌属及乳杆菌属的乳酸菌中选择一种或二种以上的菌株接种,使之发酵,再在发酵蛋液中添加稳定剂、酸味料、色素、香料后混合,用水适量稀释,便可得到除去蛋臭,具有诱人色泽和酸味以及营养的发酵蛋液料。 本发明使用的蛋液有全蛋液、蛋黄液、蛋白液。新鲜蛋或液蛋、冷冻蛋、浓缩蛋等的加     

乳酸菌富硒酸乳的研制

试验中首先制备富硒活性乳酸菌发酵剂,再用该发酵剂和鲜乳等加工制成富硒功能性酸乳。通过L9(33)正交试验确定了最佳工艺条件:富硒发酵剂接种量9%,加糖量8%,温度41℃,发酵时间5h。该酸乳硒含量达0.45μg/mL,转化硒为0.4157μg/mL,转化率为92.43%。与普通酸乳相比,硒含量提高了约450倍。     

黑枣醋蛋液响应面法工艺优化及醋蛋水解度影响因素分析

目的：开发一款营养功能兼具的黑枣醋蛋液产品。方法：通过响应面试验优化了黑枣醋蛋液工艺参数，研究了黑枣醋蛋液蛋白质水解度的影响因素。结果：最优工艺参数为醋蛋比质量比为3:1、浸泡温度为30℃、浸泡时间为60 h;对比不同pH处理可知，在保证醋蛋液品质的基础上，pH 3.0最适合醋蛋水解，此时蛋白质水解度最高，可达22.6%;25℃时醋蛋水解度最高为20.0%;金属离子的加入能够促进醋蛋水解，亚铁离子、钙离子、锌离子、铜离子均在浓度为60 mmol/L时，黑枣醋蛋液水解度达到最高，分别为26.6%、28.2%、23.6%、23.0%。结论：最优工艺下生产的黑枣醋蛋液质量稳定，醋蛋水解度可达20.23%,且不同pH、温度以及金属离子均对醋蛋水解度有一定影响。     

复合谷物酸乳的研制

以小米、糯米、薏米、绿豆、黑豆为主要原料,磨浆后与牛奶进行混合调配、杀菌、接种,经保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌发酵,研究复合谷物酸乳的最佳工艺条件。通过试验获得复合谷物酸乳的最佳工艺参数,即当小米、糯米、薏米、绿豆、黑豆配合最佳质量配比为2∶2∶2∶3∶1(质量比),谷物浆:牛乳体积比为1∶3(体积比),加糖量为5%,接种量为4%,制得的产品既有较好的消化吸收性,又有独特的风味和口感。     

发酵蛋乳的研究

采用适当方法将蛋液杀菌,然后加入到灭菌乳中进行发酵,制成凝固型发酵蛋乳.通过正交试验确定工艺参数为发酵时间3h,糖加入量8%,蛋液加入量7%,接种量3%.     

Dilution of Cow's Milk and Egg Proteins with Glutamic Acid and the Effect on the Protein Efficiency Ratio

SUMMARY– The effect of dilution of egg proteins and cow's milk proteins with varying levels of L-glutamic acid (GA) on the growth of young rats and protein efficiency ratio of the blends was studied. Addition of glutamic acid to diets containing 8.5% to 5.0% egg proteins to maintain the nitrogen content of the diet constant at 1.6% (equal to 10% protein) did not cause any increase in the growth rate of rats as compared to that on corresponding diets without added glutamic acid. The protein efficiency ratios progressively decreased from 4.74 for 10% egg protein diet to 2.88 for 5% egg protein + 8.4% glutamic acid diet. Addition of glutamic acid to diets containing 8.5 to 5.0% milk proteins to maintain the nitrogen content of the diet constant at 1.6% level caused a significant decrease in the growth rate as compared to that on corresponding diets without added glutamic acid. The protein efficiency ratios also progressively decreased from 3148 for 10% milk proteins to 1.46 for a mixture of 5% milk proteins + 8.4% glutamic acid. The results show that both egg proteins and milk proteins contain adequate amounts of non-essential amino acids for maximum utilization of essential amino acids present in them for the growth of young rats.     

凝固型发酵蛋奶发酵和保藏过程中的参数变化

以新鲜鸡蛋、乳粉(或相当数量的牛奶)、白砂糖为主要原料,通过适当的预处理后添加乳酸菌发酵而制成酸凝蛋乳.原料配方和发酵温度等工艺条件对产品质量有显著的影响,采用不同配方和工艺条件发酵,有关参数在发酵和保存过程中的变化也有明显区别,由此可确定较佳的配方、工艺和保藏条件.     

低聚糖类益生元对炼乳品质的影响

目的 为实现炼乳的减糖,研究不同低聚糖类益生元替代蔗糖对炼乳品质的影响。方法 选用低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖、低聚木糖、低聚半乳糖四种低聚糖类益生元分别作为蔗糖替代物,研究不同替代比的益生元炼乳体系质构、流变、感官、色泽、晶体大小的变化,得到最佳糖替代益生元及替代比例。结果 综合考虑质构、色泽、晶体大小、喜好度排序感官四种指标表明,低聚果糖炼乳和低聚异麦芽糖炼乳品质较为优良,其中低聚果糖炼乳可接受的替代比为15%以内、低聚异麦芽糖炼乳可接受的替代比为25%以内。进一步通过静态流变学试验表明低聚异麦芽糖是最佳糖替代物质,在炼乳体系中其最佳替代比为15%。结论 糖替代比15%的低聚异麦芽糖炼乳既满足了甜感需求,又实现了减糖的目标,此外益生元的加入赋予了炼乳更多的功能性。该研究可为炼乳产品的减糖开发提供一定的理论依据和技术支持。     

Characterization of membrane bioreactor for dry wine production

Characteristics of yeast growth and ethanol fermentation were examined in membrane bioreactor using a grape juice. After inoculation, batch fermentation was carried out for 24 h. When yeast growth reached the stationary phase, continuous fermentation was initiated. In continuous fermentation, a linear relationship was observed between cell concentration and dilution rate. In single-vessel membrane bioreactor, the cell concentrations of 18.7 g/l and 76.9 g/l (15 and 60 times higher than that of the batch fermentation, respectively) were observed at dilution rates of 0.1 h(-1) and 0.3 h(-1), respectively. The residual sugar concentration was higher than 10 g/l at the dilution rate of 0.1 h(-1), 0.2 h(-1) or 0.3 h(-1), therefore the single-vessel membrane bioreactor was not suitable for producing dry wine (sugar concentration: 4 g/l or less). In the double-vessel membrane bioreactor, it is most suitable to set the recycle ratio at 0.15 for keeping the sugar concentration below 4 g/l. The productivity of dry wine in the double-vessel membrane bioreactor was 28 times higher than that in the batch fermentation.     

工艺条件对凝固型发酵蛋奶生产的影响

以新鲜鸡蛋、乳粉（或相当数量的牛奶）、白砂糖为主要原料,通过适当的预处理后,添加乳酸菌发酵而制成酸凝蛋乳。原料的预处理等工艺条件对产品有显著的影响。     

Effects of substitution of different levels of steam-flaked corn for finely ground corn on lactation and digestion in early lactation dairy cows

Eight multiparous Holstein cows, 4 of them fitted with rumen cannulas, were used to test the effects of substitution of steam-flaked corn (SFC) for equal amounts of finely ground corn (FGC) in diets on feed intake and digestion, blood metabolites, and lactation performance in early lactation dairy cows. Cows were fed 4 diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The fistulated cows formed 1 replicate. Each experimental period lasted for 3 wk. The 4 diets contained 0, 10, 20, or 40% SFC and 40, 30, 20, or 0% FGC (dry matter basis), respectively. The milk protein content and yield, milk solid nonfat content and yield, plasma glucose concentration, and dry matter intake increased as the proportion of SFC increased in diets. Apparent total tract digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and average ruminal fluid NH₃-N concentration decreased with increasing levels of SFC. The ruminal fluid pH was not affected by the substitution of SFC for FGC. The 20% SFC substitution improved digestion of crude protein, yield of fat-corrected milk, milk lactose content, fat, and fat yield. The 40% SFC substitution increased urea concentration in both plasma and milk. It was concluded that 20% of SFC substitution for FGC appeared to be an appropriate level in diet for early lactation dairy cows.     

新疆特色发酵奶片的工艺优化及其风味分析

为了制成一种营养丰富,具有新疆哈萨克族奶酪特色风味的发酵奶片,将产特色风味的N-X酵母菌与乳酸菌发酵剂共同发酵,通过设置单因素(发酵时间、发酵温度、白糖添加量、接种量比)实验及L₉(34)正交优化试验,以感官评价为指标,对发酵奶片的工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,奶片最佳工艺为:发酵温度37℃、接种配比(乳酸菌:酵母菌)1:3、加糖量11%、发酵时间10 h。制得的奶片色泽均纯,奶香、醇香充足,酸甜适中,口感顺滑饱满,感官评分为(90.10±1.64)分。同时,对加酵母菌奶片与普通酸奶片的风味物质比较发现加酵母菌奶片在醇、醛类风味物质上分别增加了5种和7种,乙酸乙酯、己酸和2-庚酮等风味物质含量明显提升,使发酵奶片的风味得到了优化。最后参照国家标准对奶片的质量卫生指标进行检测,水分含量5.8%、脂肪含量12.3%、蛋白质含量16.7%、总糖含量9.1%、大肠菌群数8.3 MPN/g、致病菌无检出。各指标均符合标准,初步制成了一种具有新疆特色风味的发酵奶片。     

红豆牛奶的研制

以红豆和牛奶为主要原料制作红豆牛奶,利用感官评定作为评价方法,对牛奶、红豆粉、白砂糖和稳定剂的用量对感官品质的影响进行了研究.结果表明,产品的最佳配比为:80.0%牛奶、0.8%红豆粉、5.0%白砂糖和0.2%复配稳定剂(单硬脂酸甘油酯为40.0%、改性磷脂16.0%、黄原胶11.0%、结冷胶33.0%),14.0%水...     

水牛奶奶油冰淇淋的研制

以水牛奶奶油为主要基料,加入奶粉、白砂糖、复配增稠剂等,以感官评分为参考,研究开发一款特色水牛奶冰淇淋。通过单因素试验研究奶粉、水牛奶奶油、蛋黄粉、白砂糖、复配增稠剂、浓缩蛋白粉添加量对产品感官质量的影响,在单因素的基础上,结合二次通用旋转组合设计优化确定水牛奶冰淇淋的最佳配方,并研究其产品质量。结果表明,水牛奶冰淇淋最佳工艺配方为奶粉19.1%、水牛奶奶油47.7%、蛋黄粉1.2%、白砂糖1.7%、复配增稠剂28.6%、浓缩蛋白粉1.7%。在此配方下加工的产品口感细腻、奶香味浓郁,感官评分可达83.7分,理化指标符合相关标准要求。