造纸助剂乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺最佳合成条件的研究（Ⅱ）

采用硬脂酸与乙二胺合成了造纸助剂乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺；依据化学分析法，考察了反应温度、反应时间及物料配比对合成转化率的影响，并确定了最佳合成条件：反应温度175℃，反应时间2h，硬脂酸／乙二胺（mol）2：1，合成转化率达95.5％。     

乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺的合成(Ⅰ)

用红外光谱法研究了由硬脂酸与乙二胺合成乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺的反应条件。得出：乙二胺加入温度应控制在80～100℃间，胺全部加入后保温20分钟；铵盐脱水反应温度为170～180℃间；脱水反应时间以2～3小时为宜。作为造纸消泡剂用原料，硬脂酸与乙二胺投料比可控制在2.05：1（摩尔比）使乙二胺转化率大于98％，有利于原料的利用及环境保护。     

环保型低温自交联印花粘合剂的合成与性能

合成无甲醛、含多种官能团、低温自交联的环保型粘合剂。选用自制的含多种反应基团的交联单体代替羟甲基丙烯酰胺,并对单体种类、乳化剂配比与用量、引发剂用量、反应温度和时间进行研究,确定最佳聚合条件：阴／非离子乳化剂配比１∶２或１∶３、用量８％、引发剂用量０．３％、反应温度８０～８５℃、反应时间４０ｍｉｎ。合成的粘合剂无甲醛,属环保型;在１００℃焙烘就可发生交联;乳液性能、结膜性能、印花性能、牢度和手感均达到国家标准。     

乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺的合成（I）

用红外光谱法研究了由硬脂酸与乙二胺合成乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺的反应条件。得出：乙二胺加入温度应控制在８０￣１００℃间，胺全部加入后保温２０分钟；铵盐脱水以应温度为１７０－１８０℃间；脱水反应时间以２－３小时为宜。作为造纸消泡剂用原料，硬脂酸与乙二胺投料比可控制在２．０５：１（摩尔比）使乙二胺转化率大于９８％，有利于原料的利用及环境保护。     

纤维状交联粒子的水悬浮液或膏状物

经过聚氨酯或聚氨酯聚尿素预聚物(既可以含离子的异氰酸酯基,也可以含游离的异氰酸酯基)与至少带3个伯氨基及/或仲氨基的多元胺[例如二乙烯三胺(或二乙撑三胺)、三乙撑四胺、四乙撑五胺及/或五乙撑六胺]起反应,即得纤维状交联粒子的水悬浮液,最好的预聚物是由己二醇-1,6-多碳酸酯单元(化学式1)60—90%组成,并含有1—4%游离异氰酸酯基和0.02—0.2%季铵氮。预聚物的40—70%的丙酮溶液与聚     

二乙撑三胺五乙酸钠螯合剂合成工艺研究

本文通过氯乙酸与二乙烯三胺反应合成二乙撑三胺五乙酸钠螯合剂，并对合成工艺条件进行了探讨。本螯合剂可用于制革鞣制过程螯合金属离子。参考文献４     

二乙撑三胺五乙酸钠螯合剂工艺研究

本文通过氯忆酸与二乙烯三胺反应合成二乙撑三胺五乙酸钠螯合剂，并对合成工艺条件进行了探讨。本螯合剂可用于制革鞣制过程螯合金属离子。     

新型交联单体在苯丙乳液印花黏合剂中的应用

以苯乙烯为硬单体,丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸异辛酯为软单体,采用无皂乳液聚合方法制得无皂苯丙乳液;探讨反应型乳化剂、引发剂以及TM-200、CX-650、CM-2、T-31四种交联单体及其用量对乳液性能的影响,以及合成黏合剂的最佳使用温度。结果表明,采用反应型乳化剂和引发剂的用量均为0.8%,T-31交联单体为1.9%制备的乳液性能较好,且焙烘温度较低,节能环保。     

DTPA合成工艺的研究

本文讨论了二乙撑三胺五乙酸（DTPA）制备方法、工艺设计与设备选型。研究了反应温度、酸化pH值等因素对DTPA产率的影响。探索出生产DTPA的最佳工艺参数和简单可行的实施方法。生产的DTPA性能优良，主要质量指标（产率大于70％，纯度大于99.3％）达到国际先进水平。     

脂肪族聚酯基体亲水改性和固化工艺的研究

水性脂肪族聚酯因其环境友好特性而在涂料和纺织助剂工业中具有广泛的应用前景．通过胺中和对以己二酸、己二醇等为原料合成的脂肪族聚酯基体进行亲水改性，然后与三聚氰胺热交联制成涂膜；研究了胺种类、胺用量、交联剂用量、固化温度及固化时间对水性聚酯涂膜性能的影响．结果表明：用N，N-二甲基乙醇胺为中和剂，胺，聚酯基体的量比为1．2，1，交联剂，水溶性聚酯的量比为1．2／I，150℃固化20min时得到的涂膜性能最佳．     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.